
Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (8): 2091-2097.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260211
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SHAN Liping1(
), YE Jing2, ZHAI Rongrong2, WU Mingming2, ZHU Juan3, FAN Wenjun4(
)
Received:2026-03-23
Online:2026-08-11
Published:2026-08-20
Contact:
FAN Wenjun
CLC Number:
SHAN Liping, YE Jing, ZHAI Rongrong, WU Mingming, ZHU Juan, FAN Wenjun. Research progress on rice herbicides and their resistant germplasms[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(8): 2091-2097.
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URL: http://www.zjnykx.cn/EN/10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20260211
| 除草剂 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|
| 噁唑酰草胺 | 对水稻无害,能有效清除水稻田的主要杂草种类,包括稗草、马唐、千金子和牛筋草等。毒性低,对环境友好,且具有良好的混合性 | 必须在水稻三叶一心期之后使用,若温度过低或秧苗叶龄过小,可能会引发药害 |
| 氰氟草酯 | 对千金子特效,对稗草表现出一定的防控效果;具备优异的安全性,在水稻全生育期施用均无药害,可与多种药剂复配 | 与激素类药剂(如二甲四氯)混合使用会发生拮抗效应,故不宜与多效唑等植物生长调节剂混合使用。近年此类混配方案的防治效果逐渐下降 |
| 五氟磺草胺 | 安全系数高,可在包括秧田在内的多种水稻栽培体系中使用。杀稗草效果突出,可与多种药剂复配 | 作用位点单一,抗性呈上升趋势,且对千金子无效 |
| 双草醚 | 活性高,杀草谱宽,除草效果好;对稻李氏禾、双穗雀稗和大龄稗草也表现出优异的防治效果,适用于采用不同栽培方法的水稻田 | 对千金子防治效果不佳,在粳稻和糯稻品种上耐受性低,15 ℃以下施用存在风险 |
| 二氯喹啉酸 | 防除稗草效果优秀,用药剂量低,药效持久,施药期宽,对4~7叶期稗草的防治效果尤为显著 | 由于长期单一使用,在某些稻区疑似出现严重抗性;水稻两叶期前施药或药剂浓度过高,极易导致药害发生;对千金子没有防治效果 |
| 灭草松 | 可以防治阔叶杂草,对莎草科杂草的防治效果表现优异;具备较高的安全性,适用于稻区不同栽培模式的多种水稻品种,可与多种药剂配合施用 | 对禾本科杂草无效,一般与其他除草剂如杀稗王等混用,但不能与敌稗混用,也不能在短时间内前后连用;用药量偏大,成本略高;缺光或低温时用药防治效果差 |
| 草甘膦和草铵膦 | 不仅能防除绝大多数杂草,还能杀死与水稻亲缘关系相近的杂草稻。具有除草活性高、广谱、低毒、对环境友好等优点 | 直接施用会对水稻产生严重的毒害作用,目前还不能直接在水稻田大规模使用 |
Table 1 Control efficacy of commonly used herbicides in paddy fields
| 除草剂 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|
| 噁唑酰草胺 | 对水稻无害,能有效清除水稻田的主要杂草种类,包括稗草、马唐、千金子和牛筋草等。毒性低,对环境友好,且具有良好的混合性 | 必须在水稻三叶一心期之后使用,若温度过低或秧苗叶龄过小,可能会引发药害 |
| 氰氟草酯 | 对千金子特效,对稗草表现出一定的防控效果;具备优异的安全性,在水稻全生育期施用均无药害,可与多种药剂复配 | 与激素类药剂(如二甲四氯)混合使用会发生拮抗效应,故不宜与多效唑等植物生长调节剂混合使用。近年此类混配方案的防治效果逐渐下降 |
| 五氟磺草胺 | 安全系数高,可在包括秧田在内的多种水稻栽培体系中使用。杀稗草效果突出,可与多种药剂复配 | 作用位点单一,抗性呈上升趋势,且对千金子无效 |
| 双草醚 | 活性高,杀草谱宽,除草效果好;对稻李氏禾、双穗雀稗和大龄稗草也表现出优异的防治效果,适用于采用不同栽培方法的水稻田 | 对千金子防治效果不佳,在粳稻和糯稻品种上耐受性低,15 ℃以下施用存在风险 |
| 二氯喹啉酸 | 防除稗草效果优秀,用药剂量低,药效持久,施药期宽,对4~7叶期稗草的防治效果尤为显著 | 由于长期单一使用,在某些稻区疑似出现严重抗性;水稻两叶期前施药或药剂浓度过高,极易导致药害发生;对千金子没有防治效果 |
| 灭草松 | 可以防治阔叶杂草,对莎草科杂草的防治效果表现优异;具备较高的安全性,适用于稻区不同栽培模式的多种水稻品种,可与多种药剂配合施用 | 对禾本科杂草无效,一般与其他除草剂如杀稗王等混用,但不能与敌稗混用,也不能在短时间内前后连用;用药量偏大,成本略高;缺光或低温时用药防治效果差 |
| 草甘膦和草铵膦 | 不仅能防除绝大多数杂草,还能杀死与水稻亲缘关系相近的杂草稻。具有除草活性高、广谱、低毒、对环境友好等优点 | 直接施用会对水稻产生严重的毒害作用,目前还不能直接在水稻田大规模使用 |
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