利用阻控技术的水稻镉、砷安全种植研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20220773

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究叶面施用有机硒、有机硅阻控剂对不同水稻品种富集重金属的影响,通过田间试验,在重金属污染严重地区开展筛选重金属低积累水稻品种和叶面阻控技术的研究,使水稻籽粒的重金属含量降低,从而达到粮食安全生产标准的要求。本研究选用6个广西当地主栽的晚稻品种,和市面上2种叶面阻控剂(一种硒类阻控剂,一种硅类阻控剂)作为研究对象,通过测定试验前后稻米样品中的重金属含量来开展对重金属污染土壤的安全利用技术研究。结果显示,6个水稻品种对重金属的吸附能力存在较大差异,其中,泰丰优208茎、叶的镉、砷含量均高于其他品种,泰丰优208稻米的镉含量最低,丝香1号稻米的砷含量最低。叶面施用硒类阻控剂、硅类阻控剂均可以有效降低稻米的镉含量,较CK分别下降了15.2%、17.1%;在叶面施用硒类阻控剂、硅类阻控剂也可以有效降低叶的镉含量及稻米的砷含量,叶的镉含量分别下降了12.7%、13.9%,稻米砷含量分别下降了15.9%、30.0%,同时硅类阻控剂还可以有效降低水稻叶砷含量。研究表明,施用硒类阻控剂、硅类阻控剂均可以减少砷、镉在稻米中的含量。

关键词: 晚稻品种, 叶面阻控剂, 安全利用, 重金属

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of foliar application of organic selenium and organic silicon on the accumulation of heavy metals in different rice varieties, field experiments were conducted in areas with high levels of heavy metal pollution to screen low-accumulation rice varieties and study leaf surface control techniques for heavy metals, aiming to reduce the heavy metal content in rice grains to meet the requirements of food safety production standards. Six local late rice varieties from Guangxi and two commercially available leaf surface control agents (one selenium-based and one silicon-based) were selected as the research objects. The heavy metal content in rice samples before and after the experiment was measured to study the safe utilization of heavy metal-polluted soil. The results showed that the six rice varieties had significant differences in their ability to adsorb heavy metals. Among them, the stem and leaf cadmium and arsenic content of the variety Taifengyou 208 were higher than those of other varieties, while the cadmium content in Taifengyou 208 was the lowest, and the arsenic content in Sixiang 1 was the lowest. Foliar application of selenium-based and silicon-based control agents also effectively reduced the cadmium content in rice and leaves, as well as the arsenic content in rice. The cadmium content in rice decreased by 15.2% and 17.1%, the cadmium content in leaves decreased by 12.7% and 13.9%, and the arsenic content in rice decreased by 15.9% and 30.0% when selenium-based and silicon-based control agents were applied, respectively. Additionally, the silicon-based control agent effectively reduced the arsenic content in rice leaves. The study indicated that the application of selenium-based and silicon-based control agents can reduce the content of arsenic and cadmium in rice.

Key words: late rice varieties, foliar inhibitors, safe use, heavy metal

中图分类号:

S511.5

蓝淯琛, 丁浩男, 潘荣庆, 吕浩能, 张强, 班国富, 何烨, 凌华荣, 黄智刚. 利用阻控技术的水稻镉、砷安全种植研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(1): 41-46.

LAN Yuchen, DING Haonan, PAN Rongqing, LYU Haoneng, ZHANG Qiang, BAN Guofu, HE Ye, LING Huarong, HUANG Zhigang. Research on safe planting of cadmium and arsenic in rice using barrier control technology[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(1): 41-46.

图/表 7

表1 供试土壤基本性质

Table 1 Basic properties of the tested soil

区组	pH值	Cr/ (mg·kg^-1)	Pb/ (mg·kg^-1)	Cd/ (mg·kg^-1)	Hg/ (mg·kg^-1)	As/ (mg·kg^-1)
1	6.51	69.276	21.730	1.199	0.466	18.974
2	6.69	68.652	19.237	1.136	0.476	18.938
3	6.55	68.378	21.261	1.206	0.472	19.676
4	6.63	65.198	19.937	1.115	0.433	18.217

表2 Heavy metal content of rice grown in experimental fields 单位:mg·kg-1

Table 2

区组	Cr	Pb	Cd	Hg	As
1	0.048 5	0.001	0.238	0.001	0.230
2	0.036 7	0.001	0.266	0.001	0.244
3	0.028 7	0.001	0.252	0.001	0.264
4	0.035 1	0.001	0.262	0.001	0.216

图1 不同水稻品种的各组织重金属含量相同组织柱上无相同小写字母表示品种间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.1 Different rice varieties' heavy metal contents in various tissues

图2 不同处理对稻米重金属含量的影响相同品种无相同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图3、4同。

Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on the heavy metal content in rice

表3 不同处理对水稻重金属含量的影响

Table 3 Effects of different treatments on the heavy metal content in rice tissues

组织	Cd含量/(mg·kg^-1)			As含量/(mg·kg^-1)
组织	CK	A	B	CK	A	B
稻米	0.210 a	0.178 b	0.174 b	0.220 a	0.185 ab	0.154 b
叶	0.252 a	0.220 b	0.217 b	0.453 a	0.450 a	0.399 b
茎	0.470 a	0.477 a	0.495 a	0.366 a	0.360 a	0.364 a

图3 不同处理对叶重金属含量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of different treatments on the heavy metal content in leaves

图4 不同处理对茎重金属含量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of different treatments on the heavy metal content in stems

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