生物质炭吸附土壤有机污染物的研究进展

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230282

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物质炭是生物废弃物在低温限氧条件下热裂解而成的富碳材料,具有独特的表面化学性质及复杂的孔结构,对环境介质中的有机污染物具有很强的吸附能力。文章综述了土壤有机污染物污染现状及危害、生物质炭的制备及优势特性、生物质炭的吸附机理、影响生物质炭对土壤有机污染吸附的因素及生物质炭在有机污染土壤修复中的应用等,并展望了生物质炭吸附土壤有机污染物的未来研究方向。

关键词: 生物质炭, 土壤, 有机污染物, 吸附, 修复

Abstract:

Biochar is a carbon rich material formed by the thermal decomposition of biological waste under low-temperature oxygen limiting conditions. It has unique surface chemical properties and complex pore structure, and has strong adsorption capacity for organic pollutants in environmental media. This article reviews the current situation and hazards of soil organic pollutant pollution, the preparation and advantageous characteristics of biochar, the adsorption mechanism of biochar, the factors affecting the adsorption of biochar on soil organic pollution, and the application of biochar in the remediation of organic contaminated soil. It also looks forward to the future research directions of biochar adsorption of soil organic pollutants.

Key words: biochar, soil, organic pollutants, adsorption, remediation

中图分类号:

刘新海, 闫飞宇, 邓江霞, 张叶, 张国良. 生物质炭吸附土壤有机污染物的研究进展[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(10): 2514-2522.

LIU Xinhai, YAN Feiyu, DENG Jiangxia, ZHANG Ye, ZHANG Guoliang. Research progress on biochar adsorption of soil organic pollutants[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(10): 2514-2522.

图/表 2

参考文献 92

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项目	活性炭	生物质炭	硅胶	优势比较
主要原料	煤、木料、硬果壳、果核、树脂等	农作物秸秆、木材、畜禽粪便、市政废物等	碱金属硅酸盐	相比于活性炭和硅胶,生物质炭原料来源广泛
元素组成	主要以C(80%~90%)为主	C(>60%)、H、O、N、S、P、K、Ca等	SiO₂	相比于活性炭和硅胶,生物质炭中有些元素利于土壤中植物生长
生产条件	生产条件要求高,生产成本高	生产条件简单,生产成本低	生产条件要求高,生产成本高	与活性炭和硅胶相比,生物质炭生产过程简单,成本低
制备温度	600~900 ℃	<700 ℃	300 ℃	相比于活性炭和硅胶,生物质炭制备温度较低
作用原理	表面吸附、催化作用	静电作用、表面吸附、化学作用	物理和化学作用	相比于活性炭和硅胶,生物质炭具有多种作用,对多种污染物吸附能力更强
性能特点	孔隙结构发达、比表面积大(500~3 000 m²·g^-1)	孔隙结构发达、比表面积大、稳定性较高	具有开放的多孔结构,比表面积很大	与生物质炭和硅胶相比,活性炭的比表面积更大,吸附性能更强

项目	活性炭	生物质炭	硅胶	优势比较
主要原料	煤、木料、硬果壳、果核、树脂等	农作物秸秆、木材、畜禽粪便、市政废物等	碱金属硅酸盐	相比于活性炭和硅胶,生物质炭原料来源广泛
元素组成	主要以C(80%~90%)为主	C(>60%)、H、O、N、S、P、K、Ca等	SiO₂	相比于活性炭和硅胶,生物质炭中有些元素利于土壤中植物生长
生产条件	生产条件要求高,生产成本高	生产条件简单,生产成本低	生产条件要求高,生产成本高	与活性炭和硅胶相比,生物质炭生产过程简单,成本低
制备温度	600~900 ℃	<700 ℃	300 ℃	相比于活性炭和硅胶,生物质炭制备温度较低
作用原理	表面吸附、催化作用	静电作用、表面吸附、化学作用	物理和化学作用	相比于活性炭和硅胶,生物质炭具有多种作用,对多种污染物吸附能力更强
性能特点	孔隙结构发达、比表面积大(500~3 000 m²·g^-1)	孔隙结构发达、比表面积大、稳定性较高	具有开放的多孔结构,比表面积很大	与生物质炭和硅胶相比,活性炭的比表面积更大,吸附性能更强