浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (3): 585-589.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240593

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚氨酯包膜与不包膜尿素不同时期配施对水稻产量与氮肥效率的影响

沈文英1(), 陈伟龙1, 肖佳丽2, 屠昌鹏1,*()   

  1. 1.玉环市农业农村和水利局,浙江 玉环 317600
    2.遂昌县西畈乡人民政府,浙江 丽水 323312
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-21 出版日期:2025-03-11 发布日期:2025-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 屠昌鹏
  • 作者简介:屠昌鹏(1973—),男,浙江台州人,高级农艺师,学士,主要从事农业技术推广工作,E-mail: 747093510@qq.com。
    沈文英(1984—),女,浙江台州人,农艺师,研究生,主要从事土壤肥料技术推广工作,E-mail: 158346896@qq.com。

Effect of the combined application of polyurethane-coated and uncoated urea at different stages on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency

SHEN Wenying1(), CHEN Weilong1, XIAO Jiali2, TU Changpeng1,*()   

  1. 1. Agriculture, Rural Bureau and Water Resources of Yuhuan City, Yuhuan 317600, Zhejiang
    2. Xifan People's Government of Suichang County, Lishui 323312, Zhejiang
  • Received:2024-07-21 Online:2025-03-11 Published:2025-04-02
  • Contact: TU Changpeng

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摘要：

本研究采用田间试验法,共设置5种处理方式,对照组不施用任何肥料(CK)、仅施磷钾肥(PK)、施用常规氮磷钾配比肥料(NPK)、80%控释肥和20%常规尿素混合施作底肥(N2PK)和80%控释肥作为底肥加上20%常规尿素作追肥(N3PK),探讨缓控释尿素与常规尿素在不同施用阶段对水稻产量和氮肥效率的影响。试验发现,与完全不施肥的对照组(CK)相比,使用磷钾肥(PK)的处理能显著促进水稻籽粒和秸秆的生长,产量分别增加了25.7%及11.8%;增施氮处理的籽粒和秸秆产量提高了66.4%~79.1%和38.4%~79.2%。与NPK相比,N2PK和N3PK籽粒产量分别提高了707 kg·hm-2和562 kg·hm-2,秸秆产量提高了29.5%和18.4%,N2PK处理的增产效果更为明显。尽管施氮处理间的籽粒氮含量无显著差异,但N2PK和N3PK秸秆氮含量分别比NPK处理显著提高了15.6%和11.4%。相较于NPK处理,N2PK籽粒吸氮量显著提高了16.1%,N2PK和N3PK处理的秸秆吸氮量分别显著提高了49.7%和31.8%。施氮肥引起了氮素在土壤中的累积,尤其是NPK处理,其氮素盈余量远高于缓释肥处理。N2PK和N3PK的表观利用率比NPK处理分别高21.9和12.5百分点。因此,施用氮肥80%来源于缓控释尿素+20%来源于普通尿素做基肥为较佳的施肥方法,能够有效提高水稻产量。

关键词: 水稻, 氮肥, 缓控释尿素, 效率, 表观平衡

Abstract:

Field experiment method was used in this study, and five treatment methods were set up: a control group with no fertilizer application (CK), application of only phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (PK), application of conventional nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers (NPK), a combination of 80% controlled-release fertilizer and 20% conventional urea as base fertilizer (N2PK), and 80% controlled-release fertilizer as base fertilizer and 20% conventional urea as topdressing (N3PK). The study aimed to investigate the effects of controlled-release urea and conventional urea applied at different stages on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency. The results showed that compared with the control group (CK) with no fertilizer, the PK treatment significantly promoted the growth of rice grain and straw, increasing yields by 25.7% and 11.8%, respectively. Grain and straw yields under nitrogen application treatments increased by 66.4% to 79.1% and 38.4% to 79.2%, respectively. Compared with NPK, the grain yields of N2PK and N3PK increased by 707 kg·hm-2 and 562 kg·hm-2, and straw yields increased by 29.5% and 18.4%, respectively. The yield-increasing effect of the N2PK treatment was more obvious. Although there were no significant differences in grain nitrogen content among the nitrogen treatments, the straw nitrogen content in N2PK and N3PK was significantly higher by 15.6% and 11.4%, respectively, compared with NPK. The nitrogen uptake by grains in N2PK increased significantly by 16.1%, and the nitrogen uptake by straw in N2PK and N3PK increased significantly by 49.7% and 31.8%, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer application caused nitrogen accumulation in the soil, especially in the NPK treatment, which had a much higher nitrogen surplus than the controlled-release fertilizer treatments. The apparent utilization efficiency of N2PK and N3PK was higher by 21.9 and 12.5 percentage points, respectively, compared with NPK. Therefore, applying 80% nitrogen from controlled-release urea and 20% from conventional urea as base fertilizer is an optimal fertilization method, effectively improving rice yield.

Key words: rice, nitrogen fertilizer, controlled-release urea, efficiency, apparent balance

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