灌溉水量与腐殖酸用量对番茄产量、品质及水分利用的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究不同灌溉水量条件配施腐殖酸对设施番茄产量、品质及水分利用的影响规律,以农户习惯施肥灌溉模式为对照,并设置3个灌溉水减量处理,每个灌溉水量条件下均设置3个腐殖酸用量。研究这些处理对设施番茄生长、光合特性、产量、品质、水分利用效率等的影响,采用主成分分析的方法筛选最优处理。结果表明,在W2和W3处理水平下,HA2和HA3处理的苗期株高均较CK处理显著提高,W3HA3处理在开花前的株高也显著高于CK处理;W3HA3处理的净光合速率、气孔导度均显著高于CK;W1HA3和W2HA3的可溶性糖含量显著高于CK,而CK的可溶性固形物含量显著低于除W2HA1和W3HA1之外的其他处理,W1HA1、W1HA2、W1HA3和W2HA1处理的可滴定酸含量均显著高于CK;相较于CK,W3HA3处理的产量显著提高;W1、W2和W3处理耗水量显著降低,水分利用效率显著提高,灌溉水利用效率显著提高。进一步通过主成分分析,W3HA3处理综合得分最高,即减量15%灌溉配合腐殖酸等碳量替代30%腐熟鸡粪可以促进番茄生长及光合作用,提高番茄产量、品质及水分利用效率。

关键词: 番茄, 灌溉, 腐殖酸, 产量, 品质, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of humic acid application under different irrigation water conditions on the yield, quality and water use of tomato in facilities, three humic acid application treatments were set up under three irrigation water conditions respectively. The effects of these treatments on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, quality, and water use efficiency of tomato in the facility were studied, and the optimal treatment was selected by principal component analysis. The results showed that the plant height of HA2 and HA3 treatments were significantly higher than that of CK under W2 and W3 treatments at seedling stage. The plant height of W3HA3 treatment before flowering was also significantly higher than that of CK treatment. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of W3HA3 treatment were significantly higher than those of CK. The soluble sugar content of W1HA3 and W2HA3 were significantly higher than that of CK. The soluble solids content of CK was significantly lower than that of treatments except W2HA1 and W3HA1. The titratable acid content of W1HA1, W1HA2, W1HA3 and W2HA1 treatments were significantly higher than that of CK. Compared with CK, the yield of W3HA3 treatment was significantly higher. Compared with CK, the water consumption of W1, W2 and W3 treatments were significantly reduced, the water use efficiency was significantly improved, and the irrigation water use efficiency was significantly improved. Furthermore, the comprehensive score of W3HA3 treatment was the highest, that was, 15% reduction in irrigation combined with humic acid instead of 30% rotted chicken manure could promote tomato growth and photosynthesis, and improve tomato yield, quality and water use efficiency.

Key words: tomato, irrigation, humic acid, yield, quality, water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S365、S641.2

宋挚, 郭新送, 范仲卿, 乔佳乐, 尹静, 孙晓, 刘同信, 洪丕征, 丁方军, 杨永成. 灌溉水量与腐殖酸用量对番茄产量、品质及水分利用的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(2): 336-343.

SONG Zhi, GUO Xinsong, FAN Zhongqing, QIAO Jiale, YIN Jing, SUN Xiao, LIU Tongxin, HONG Pizheng, DING Fangjun, YANG Yongcheng. Effects of irrigation water amount and humic acid dosage on yield, quality and water use of tomato[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(2): 336-343.

图/表 7

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处理	腐熟鸡粪/ (kg·hm^-2)	腐殖酸/ (kg·hm^-2)	灌溉水量/ mm
CK	75 000	0	260
W1HA1	67 500	9 231	143
W1HA2	60 000	18 462	143
W1HA3	52 500	27 692	143
W2HA1	67 500	9 231	182
W2HA2	60 000	18 462	182
W2HA3	52 500	27 692	182
W3HA1	67 500	9 231	221
W3HA2	60 000	18 462	221
W3HA3	52 500	27 692	221

处理	腐熟鸡粪/ (kg·hm^-2)	腐殖酸/ (kg·hm^-2)	灌溉水量/ mm
CK	75 000	0	260
W1HA1	67 500	9 231	143
W1HA2	60 000	18 462	143
W1HA3	52 500	27 692	143
W2HA1	67 500	9 231	182
W2HA2	60 000	18 462	182
W2HA3	52 500	27 692	182
W3HA1	67 500	9 231	221
W3HA2	60 000	18 462	221
W3HA3	52 500	27 692	221

处理	净光合速率/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度/ (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率/ (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
CK	22.96±0.28 b	0.98±0.05 bcd	305.25±3.62 ab	8.69±0.07 a
W1HA1	20.94±0.15 c	0.81±1.21 e	248.65±7.58 c	8.17±1.06 bc
W1HA2	20.91±0.15 c	0.85±0.09 e	257.16±6.63 c	8.03±0.06 c
W1HA3	20.97±0.25 c	0.92±0.05 cde	264.71±12.69 c	7.98±0.38 c
W2HA1	20.55±0.18 c	0.97±0.07 bcd	251.65±14.78 c	8.48±0.51 ab
W2HA2	21.05±0.28 c	1.00±0.11 bc	269.13±3.14 c	8.39±0.12 ab
W2HA3	21.59±0.61 c	1.02±0.03 bc	275.14±5.58 bc	8.49±0.14 ab
W3HA1	23.19±0.59 b	1.02±0.07 bc	320.57±7.32 a	8.64±1.12 a
W3HA2	23.59±0.57 b	1.08±0.03 b	308.19±6.66 a	8.76±0.39 a
W3HA3	25.53±0.63 a	1.24±0.03 a	314.41±15.06 a	8.75±0.06 a
F_W	56.33^**	39.27^**	26.93^**	24.87^**
F_HA	6.04^**	6.89^**	0.32 NS	0.06 NS
F_W×F_HA	5.63^**	4.35^*	1.19 NS	0.60 NS

处理	净光合速率/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度/ (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率/ (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
CK	22.96±0.28 b	0.98±0.05 bcd	305.25±3.62 ab	8.69±0.07 a
W1HA1	20.94±0.15 c	0.81±1.21 e	248.65±7.58 c	8.17±1.06 bc
W1HA2	20.91±0.15 c	0.85±0.09 e	257.16±6.63 c	8.03±0.06 c
W1HA3	20.97±0.25 c	0.92±0.05 cde	264.71±12.69 c	7.98±0.38 c
W2HA1	20.55±0.18 c	0.97±0.07 bcd	251.65±14.78 c	8.48±0.51 ab
W2HA2	21.05±0.28 c	1.00±0.11 bc	269.13±3.14 c	8.39±0.12 ab
W2HA3	21.59±0.61 c	1.02±0.03 bc	275.14±5.58 bc	8.49±0.14 ab
W3HA1	23.19±0.59 b	1.02±0.07 bc	320.57±7.32 a	8.64±1.12 a
W3HA2	23.59±0.57 b	1.08±0.03 b	308.19±6.66 a	8.76±0.39 a
W3HA3	25.53±0.63 a	1.24±0.03 a	314.41±15.06 a	8.75±0.06 a
F_W	56.33^**	39.27^**	26.93^**	24.87^**
F_HA	6.04^**	6.89^**	0.32 NS	0.06 NS
F_W×F_HA	5.63^**	4.35^*	1.19 NS	0.60 NS

处理	可溶性糖含量/(g·kg^-1)	可溶性固形物含量/(g·kg^-1)	可滴定酸含量/(g·kg^-1)	维生素C含量/(mg·kg^-1)
CK	22.67±0.66 b	45.40±0.67 d	2.53±0.26 c	194.0±9.1 a
W1HA1	26.62±1.67 ab	50.28±1.66 abc	4.45±0.08 a	213.2±7.6 a
W1HA2	27.18±0.93 ab	52.14±1.07 ab	4.38±0.34 a	215.1±8.4 a
W1HA3	28.80±1.91 a	53.24±0.31 a	4.32±0.25 a	215.5±4.6 a
W2HA1	25.09±1.07 ab	49.05±1.07 bcd	3.54±0.21 b	207.2±2.6 a
W2HA2	26.30±0.66 ab	50.17±0.94 abc	3.39±0.39 bc	209.3±5.2 a
W2HA3	27.75±2.34 a	50.75±1.12 abc	2.85±0.06 bc	214.0±0.6 a
W3HA1	24.36±0.61 ab	47.21±0.48 cd	2.85±0.21 bc	194.6±8.0 a
W3HA2	26.20±0.72 ab	49.93±1.65 abc	2.75±0.23 bc	205.3±2.8 a
W3HA3	27.22±0.87 ab	50.55±1.13 abc	2.55±0.03 c	210.4±3.8 a
F_W	8.93^**	3.78^*	31.92^**	5.61^*
F_HA	3.96^*	3.79^*	1.62 NS	1.17 NS
F_W×F_HA	0.85 NS	0.26 NS	3.79^*	0.30 NS