浙江省柑橘施肥现状与对策建议

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250281

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确浙江省柑橘的施肥现状,分析农户施肥水平差异,探索柑橘科学养分管理路径,本研究于2024年在浙江省调查了367家柑橘种植主体,调查内容包括肥料品类、肥料用量、施用时间、施用方式以及播种面积、农户信息等,参照现行的浙江省化肥施用限量标准,对柑橘施肥水平进行分析研究。结果表明,浙江省柑橘施肥水平趋于科学合理,平均化肥用量大幅下降,但也存在着有机肥及配方肥施用比例偏低、施肥方式守旧、不同种植主体间用肥差异巨大等问题,后续仍需持续强化有机肥及配方肥政策扶持,加大高效施肥机械资金补贴力度,针对中小农户做好科学施肥政策及技术培训推广。

关键词: 柑橘, 施肥现状, 配方肥, 有机肥, 浙江

Abstract:

In order to clarify the current situation of citrus fertilization in Zhejiang Province, analyze the differences of farmers’ fertilization levels, and explore the path of scientific nutrient management of citrus, this study investigated 367 planting entities in Zhejiang Province in 2024. The survey content includes fertilizer types, fertilizer dosage, application time, application methods, sowing area, farmers’ information, etc., and analyzed the citrus fertilization level with reference to the current Zhejiang fertilizer application limit standard. The results showed that the fertilization level of citrus in Zhejiang Province tended to be scientific and reasonable, and the average amount of chemical fertilizer decreased significantly, but there were also some problems, such as the low proportion of organic fertilizer and formula fertilizer, conservative fertilization methods, and huge differences in fertilizer use among different planting subjects. In the future, we still need to continue to strengthen the policy support of organic fertilizer and formula fertilizer, increase the subsidy of efficient fertilization machinery, and do a good job in scientific fertilization policy and technical training and promotion for small and medium-sized farmers.

Key words: citrus, current status of citrus fertilization, formula fertilizer, organic fertilizer, Zhejiang Province

中图分类号:

S666
S147

裘云峰, 陈钰佩, 单英杰, 陆若辉. 浙江省柑橘施肥现状与对策建议[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(9): 2176-2180.

QIU Yunfeng, CHEN Yupei, SHAN Yingjie, LU Ruohui. Current situation and countermeasures of citrus fertilization in Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(9): 2176-2180.

图/表 6

表1 柑橘化肥用量

Table 1 Application rate of chemical fertilizers for citrus 单位: kg·hm-2

作物	化肥总量	化肥养分				浙江省化肥限量标准
作物	化肥总量	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	养分比例	总量	N
柑橘	320.43±213.97	123.21±81.10	80.56±73.18	116.66±81.14	1∶0.65∶0.95	675	300
化肥超额施用区域	771.76±237.74	302.07±108.07	177.49±105.29	292.20±114.44	1∶0.59∶0.97	675	300

表2 柑橘产量情况

Table 2 Table Citrus yield

作物	产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	地块肥力/%			面积/hm²
作物	产量/ (kg·hm^-2)	高	中	低	面积/hm²
柑橘	30 875±11 208	25	62	13	1 770.30
化肥超额施用区域	29 030±14 458	42	58	0	105.27

图1 基肥施肥方式

Fig.1 Fertilization methods of base fertilizer

图2 追肥施肥方式

Fig.2 Fertilization methods for top dressing

图3 受调查农户科学用肥情况

Fig.3 Scientific fertilizer application situation of the surveyed farmers

图4 浙江省柑橘种植主体受教育情况

Fig.4 The educational situation of citrus planting entities in Zhejiang Province

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