2种基质栽培方式对冬季设施樱桃番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240626

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究适合冬季长三角地区设施樱桃番茄生产的基质栽培方式,本研究以3种樱桃番茄为试材,比较生产上常用的椰糠袋栽培(简称椰糠袋培)和混合基质(草炭、珍珠岩体积比为2∶1)槽培(简称基质槽培)对番茄植株生长、果实产量和品质相关指标的影响。结果表明,基质槽培番茄的最大叶长、最大叶宽和茎粗显著(p<0.05)大于椰糠袋培。基质槽培番茄的单果重和单株早期产量分别较椰糠袋培显著提高27.9%~44.8%和26.1%~44.6%。在果实品质方面,基质槽培番茄果实的糖度和维生素C含量分别比椰糠袋培番茄果实显著提高0.50~1.30百分点和13.0%~37.9%。2种基质栽培方式下,番茄前三穗果实数、糖酸比、叶黄素含量和番茄红素含量没有显著差异。综上,基质槽培更适合长三角地区冬季设施樱桃番茄的生产。

关键词: 樱桃番茄, 基质栽培, 产量, 果实品质

Abstract:

In order to explore the optimal substrate cultivation methods for the production of cherry tomatoes in winter facilities within the Yangtze River Delta region, this study compared the effects of coconut coir bag cultivation and mixed substrate (peat and perlite mixed at the volume ratio of 2∶1) groove cultivation on tomato plant growth, fruit yield, and quality related indicators using three types of cherry tomatoes as materials. The results showed that the maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width and stem diameter of tomato plants cultured in the mixed substrate groove were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those cultivated in coconut coir bag. The single fruit weight and early yield per plant of tomatoes cultured in mixed substrate groove were increased by 27.9% to 44.8% and 26.1% to 44.6%, respectively, compared with those cultivated in coconut coir bag. In terms of fruit quality, sugar content and vitamin C content of tomato fruits cultivated in the mixed substrate groove were increased by 0.50 to 1.30 percentage points and 13.0% to 37.9%, respectively, compared with those cultivated in coconut coir bag. There were no significant differences in fruit number in the first three ears, sugar-acid ratio, lutein content and lycopene content between tomatoes cultivated in two substrate cultivation methods. In conclusion, mixed substrate groove cultivation is more suitable for the production of cherry tomatoes in winter facilities in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Key words: cherry tomato, substrate cultivation, yield, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S641.2

邵志勇, 王同林, 聂智星, 郭赛赛, 王宏, 郑积荣. 2种基质栽培方式对冬季设施樱桃番茄生长、产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(11): 2627-2631.

SHAO Zhiyong, WANG Tonglin, NIE Zhixing, GUO Saisai, WANG Hong, ZHENG Jirong. Effects of two substrate cultivation methods on growth, yield and quality of cherry tomatoes in winter facilities[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(11): 2627-2631.

图/表 4

参考文献 25

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品种	栽培方式	株高/cm	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	茎粗/mm
杭杂503	椰糠袋培	122.2±3.1	44.2±0.2	34.3±2.3	5.9±0.2
	基质槽培	123.3±2.0	50.3±1.2^*	39.3±2.8^*	8.0±0.4^*
杭杂504	椰糠袋培	108.0±1.2	36.7±1.6	30.2±2.0	4.9±0.2
	基质槽培	115.7±1.7^*	48.0±1.2^*	37.5±0.5^*	7.6±0.2^*
杭杂515	椰糠袋培	79.7±3.3	29.0±0.6	22.4±1.6	6.4±0.3
	基质槽培	92.7±1.9^*	44.0±2.6^*	40.0±3.1^*	8.4±0.3^*

品种	栽培方式	株高/cm	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	茎粗/mm
杭杂503	椰糠袋培	122.2±3.1	44.2±0.2	34.3±2.3	5.9±0.2
	基质槽培	123.3±2.0	50.3±1.2^*	39.3±2.8^*	8.0±0.4^*
杭杂504	椰糠袋培	108.0±1.2	36.7±1.6	30.2±2.0	4.9±0.2
	基质槽培	115.7±1.7^*	48.0±1.2^*	37.5±0.5^*	7.6±0.2^*
杭杂515	椰糠袋培	79.7±3.3	29.0±0.6	22.4±1.6	6.4±0.3
	基质槽培	92.7±1.9^*	44.0±2.6^*	40.0±3.1^*	8.4±0.3^*

品种	栽培方式	单果重/g	前三穗果实数	单株早期产量/g
杭杂503	椰糠袋培	10.53±0.47	37.0±2.6	387.7±17.3
	基质槽培	15.00±1.70^*	39.3±0.7	488.7±16.7^*
杭杂504	椰糠袋培	12.43±0.19	38.0±1.5	472.9±24.8
	基质槽培	18.00±0.91^*	40.0±1.2	683.6±26.2^*
杭杂515	椰糠袋培	13.97±0.41	35.3±1.8	492.1±10.9
	基质槽培	17.87±0.41^*	35.3±2.0	630.1±27.6^*

品种	栽培方式	单果重/g	前三穗果实数	单株早期产量/g
杭杂503	椰糠袋培	10.53±0.47	37.0±2.6	387.7±17.3
	基质槽培	15.00±1.70^*	39.3±0.7	488.7±16.7^*
杭杂504	椰糠袋培	12.43±0.19	38.0±1.5	472.9±24.8
	基质槽培	18.00±0.91^*	40.0±1.2	683.6±26.2^*
杭杂515	椰糠袋培	13.97±0.41	35.3±1.8	492.1±10.9
	基质槽培	17.87±0.41^*	35.3±2.0	630.1±27.6^*

品种	栽培方式	果实硬度/N	糖度/%	酸度/%	糖酸比
杭杂503	椰糠袋培	20.51±0.81	9.00±0.02	1.07±0.01	8.39±0.07
	基质槽培	21.91±1.00	9.50±0.03^*	1.10±0.04	8.65±0.27
杭杂504	椰糠袋培	13.95±0.83	7.33±0.07	1.14±0.05	6.48±0.33
	基质槽培	15.92±0.80	7.83±0.03^*	1.18±0.01	6.64±0.03
杭杂515	椰糠袋培	15.58±0.92	8.30±0.03	1.07±0.07	7.80±0.52
	基质槽培	21.48±1.31^*	9.60±0.04^*	1.30±0.02^*	7.41±0.12