浙西地区稻油轮作系统下迟直播油菜氮肥的合理利用水平研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240968

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨浙西地区稻油轮作系统下迟直播油菜氮肥的合理利用水平,本研究以油菜新品种浙大649为供试材料,开展为期2 a的大田定位试验,设置4个处理,分别为T1(不施氮肥的对照)、T2(施氮量90 kg·hm^-2)、T3(施氮量180 kg·hm^-2)、T4(施氮量270 kg·hm^-2)。结果表明,相较于对照组,施氮肥处理能够显著(p<0.05)提高油菜的产量以及株高、有效分枝数、单株角果数等指标。其中,T3和T4处理下的油菜产量无显著差异,但均显著高于T2处理。此外,施氮肥处理显著提高了油菜籽粒的蛋白质含量和产油量,具有较高的经济价值。其中,T3处理的产量和产油量均为最高。综合考虑油菜的产量、产油量,浙西地区稻油轮作系统的冬季迟直播油菜推荐的氮肥施用量应控制在180 kg·hm^-2。

关键词: 直播油菜, 施氮量, 产量, 产油量

Abstract:

To explore the rational utilization level of nitrogen fertilizer for late direct-seeding rapeseed under rice-rapeseed rotation system in western Zhejiang Province, a 2-year field experiment was conducted using the new rapeseed variety Zheda 649 as the test material. Four treatments were set up, namely T1 (control, no nitrogen fertilizer), T2 (nitrogen application rate of 90 kg·hm^-2), T3 (nitrogen application rate of 180 kg·hm^-2), and T4 (nitrogen application rate of 270 kg·hm^-2). Compared with the control group, the application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly (p<0.05) increase the yield of rapeseed as well as its plant height, effective branch number and pod number per plant. Among them, there was no significant difference in the yield of rapeseed between T3 and T4 treatments, but both were significantly higher than that of T2 treatment. In addition, the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the protein content and oil production, which had higher economic value. Among them, the yield and oil production of T3 treatment were both the highest. Taking the yield, oil production and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of rapeseed into account comprehensively, the recommended nitrogen fertilizer application rate for late direct-seeding rapeseed under rice-rapeseed rotation system in western Zhejiang Province is 180 kg·hm^-2.

Key words: direct-seeding rapeseed, nitrogen application rate, yield, oil production

中图分类号:

S565

石子建, 葛思宇, 李韵, 雷俊, 邵晓伟, 孙琇华. 浙西地区稻油轮作系统下迟直播油菜氮肥的合理利用水平研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(12): 2880-2887.

SHI Zijian, GE Siyu, LI Yun, LEI Jun, SHAO Xiaowei, SUN Xiuhua. Exploration of rational utilization level of nitrogen fertilizer for late direct-seeding rapeseed under rice-rapeseed rotation system in western Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(12): 2880-2887.

图/表 7

参考文献 36

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年份	处理	株高/ cm	第一有效分枝高度/cm	有效分枝数	单株角果数	每角粒数	千粒重/ g	收获密度/ (10⁴·hm^-2)
2021—2022	T1	102.5±3.42 b	62.7±5.49 a	1.58±0.22 c	60.3±3.07 c	14.5±2.05 b	3.99±0.06 c	49.03±2.31 a
	T2	137.1±4.55 a	69.0±1.95 a	4.17±0.08 b	102.1±6.43 b	15.4±1.33 b	4.29±0.05 b	30.56±0.77 b
	T3	150.0±5.34 a	66.5±6.26 a	5.75±0.66 a	140.9±3.37 a	17.4±0.92 ab	4.42±0.04 a	30.69±1.37 b
	T4	144.6±5.85 a	67.6±1.97 a	5.94±0.69 a	148.3±11.21 a	20.1±1.86 a	4.48±0.11 a	26.53±0.97 b
2022—2023	T1	75.1±1.60 c	0 c	0 c	46.1±1.33 c	14.8±0.57 b	3.84±0.11 b	53.68±7.07 a
	T2	115.6±3.86 b	36.2±3.80 b	2.77±0.24 b	52.7±2.06 b	16.5±0.53 ab	4.06±0.09 ab	49.73±7.29 a
	T3	129.0±2.76 a	55.9±3.50 a	4.22±0.52 a	89.1±11.71 a	17.8±0.95 a	4.28±0.10 a	41.07±4.02 ab
	T4	141.0±4.01 a	65.0±5.22 a	4.80±0.32 a	107.1±6.13 a	16.2±0.64 ab	4.19±0.13 a	29.78±1.05 b

年份	处理	株高/ cm	第一有效分枝高度/cm	有效分枝数	单株角果数	每角粒数	千粒重/ g	收获密度/ (10⁴·hm^-2)
2021—2022	T1	102.5±3.42 b	62.7±5.49 a	1.58±0.22 c	60.3±3.07 c	14.5±2.05 b	3.99±0.06 c	49.03±2.31 a
	T2	137.1±4.55 a	69.0±1.95 a	4.17±0.08 b	102.1±6.43 b	15.4±1.33 b	4.29±0.05 b	30.56±0.77 b
	T3	150.0±5.34 a	66.5±6.26 a	5.75±0.66 a	140.9±3.37 a	17.4±0.92 ab	4.42±0.04 a	30.69±1.37 b
	T4	144.6±5.85 a	67.6±1.97 a	5.94±0.69 a	148.3±11.21 a	20.1±1.86 a	4.48±0.11 a	26.53±0.97 b
2022—2023	T1	75.1±1.60 c	0 c	0 c	46.1±1.33 c	14.8±0.57 b	3.84±0.11 b	53.68±7.07 a
	T2	115.6±3.86 b	36.2±3.80 b	2.77±0.24 b	52.7±2.06 b	16.5±0.53 ab	4.06±0.09 ab	49.73±7.29 a
	T3	129.0±2.76 a	55.9±3.50 a	4.22±0.52 a	89.1±11.71 a	17.8±0.95 a	4.28±0.10 a	41.07±4.02 ab
	T4	141.0±4.01 a	65.0±5.22 a	4.80±0.32 a	107.1±6.13 a	16.2±0.64 ab	4.19±0.13 a	29.78±1.05 b

年份	处理	茎秆氮含量	种壳氮含量	籽粒氮含量
2021—2022	T1	2.40±0.10 c	4.57±0.11 b	22.64±0.19 b
	T2	2.34±0.13 c	4.94±0.28 ab	24.18±0.03 ab
	T3	3.05±0.11 b	4.86±0.03 ab	26.19±1.33 a
	T4	3.46±0.12 a	5.21±0.10 a	27.08±1.07 a
2022—2023	T1	2.11±0.11 c	3.25±0.12 d	21.01±0.64 b
	T2	2.14±0.07 c	4.33±0.21 c	20.74±0.41 b
	T3	3.34±0.12 b	4.92±0.12 b	24.42±0.40 a
	T4	4.01±0.06 a	6.14±0.06 a	24.07±0.31 a

年份	处理	茎秆氮含量	种壳氮含量	籽粒氮含量
2021—2022	T1	2.40±0.10 c	4.57±0.11 b	22.64±0.19 b
	T2	2.34±0.13 c	4.94±0.28 ab	24.18±0.03 ab
	T3	3.05±0.11 b	4.86±0.03 ab	26.19±1.33 a
	T4	3.46±0.12 a	5.21±0.10 a	27.08±1.07 a
2022—2023	T1	2.11±0.11 c	3.25±0.12 d	21.01±0.64 b
	T2	2.14±0.07 c	4.33±0.21 c	20.74±0.41 b
	T3	3.34±0.12 b	4.92±0.12 b	24.42±0.40 a
	T4	4.01±0.06 a	6.14±0.06 a	24.07±0.31 a

年份	处理	籽粒		种壳		秸秆		地上部氮积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒需氮量/ (g·kg^-1)
年份	处理	氮积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	占比/ %	氮积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	占比/ %	氮积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	占比/ %	地上部氮积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒需氮量/ (g·kg^-1)
2021—2022	T1	24.16±1.06 c	69.5±1.6 b	5.11±0.21 c	14.7±0.6 a	5.51±0.21 d	15.9±1.3 a	34.78±1.33 c	32.4±0.01 b
	T2	51.50±1.77 b	74.4±1.1 a	9.38±0.70 b	13.5±1.8 a	8.36±0.50 c	12.1±0.3 b	69.24±2.68 b	32.5±0.05 b
	T3	69.40±2.60 a	71.9±2.4 ab	12.39±0.33 a	12.9±0.6 a	14.67±0.94 b	15.2±0.5 a	96.46±2.41 a	36.4±0.12 ab
	T4	69.38±4.01 a	70.1±0.1 ab	12.93±0.45 a	13.1±1.0 a	16.62±0.42 a	16.8±1.0 a	98.93±4.39 a	38.8±0.25 a
2022—2023	T1	15.21±0.58 c	73.9±0.3 a	2.23±0.19 d	10.9±0.4 c	3.13±0.21 d	15.2±0.1 b	20.57±0.72 d	28.4±0.07 b
	T2	29.53±0.56 b	70.7±1.6 b	5.75±0.33 c	13.8±0.8 b	6.48±0.24 c	15.5±0.3 b	41.76±0.37 c	29.3±0.06 b
	T3	52.71±0.86 a	66.3±0.4 c	11.40±0.37 b	14.3±0.3 b	15.41±0.65 b	19.4±0.7 a	79.52±1.74 b	36.8±0.06 a
	T4	55.32±1.40 a	62.5±0.7 d	15.26±0.20 a	17.3±1.1 a	17.83±0.14 a	20.2±0.6 a	88.41±1.33 a	38.5±0.04 a