云南湿热区主栽柑橘果实成熟期品质变化

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231061

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解云南湿热区不同柑橘品种最佳采收期,以德宏地区主栽品种为材料,于果实转色期开始分析可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量、单果重、可食率等变化。结果表明,金秋砂糖橘8月20日即成熟可采摘,单果重、纵径、横径、可食率和可滴定酸含量基本稳定,可溶性固形物含量缓慢增加,成熟期最早,且保持较高品质的时间较长。冰糖橙11月下旬成熟,单果重、纵径、横径趋于稳定,果皮较薄,可食率较高,固酸比较高且稳定,1月20日后可食率、固酸比明显下降,故采收期为11月下旬至1月下旬。砂糖橘、红江橙和W.默科特于12月初开始成熟,单果重、纵径、横径趋于稳定,可食率较高,固酸比较大,砂糖橘和W.默科特1月20日后可食率大幅降低,需尽快完成采摘;红江橙3月5日之后皮厚增加,不宜再采摘。探戈和茂谷柑12月下旬开始成熟,单果重、纵径、横径趋于稳定,可食率较高,固酸比较大,探戈2月5日后固酸比下降,因此,2月5日需完成采摘;茂谷柑3月5日后可食率明显降低,不宜再采摘。沃柑2月5日可溶性固形物和固酸比较高,可开始采摘,4月5日达最大值,可结束采摘。无籽沃柑2月下旬可采摘,此时可食率高,可溶性固形物和固酸比较大,3月5日后皮厚增加,不宜再采摘。本研究为德宏地区柑橘果实成熟期果实特性及采收期的确定提供了科学依据。

关键词: 湿热区, 柑橘, 成熟期, 品质变化

Abstract:

To determine the optimal harvesting periods for different citrus varieties in the hot and humid regions of Yunnan, this study focused on the main cultivars in Dehong area. Analysis of changes in soluble solids content, titratable acid content, single fruit weight, and edible rate began at the fruit color-turning stage. The results indicated that the Jinqiu sugar citrus matured and was ready for harvest by August 20th, with stable single fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, edible rate, and titratable acid content, while soluble solids content increased slowly. Jinqiu sugar citrus had the earliest maturity period and maintained high quality for an extended time. The Bingtang orange matured in late November, with stable single fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, and transverse diameter, thin peel, high edible rate, and a high and stable solid-to-acid ratio. After January 20th, the edible rate and solid-to-acid ratio of Bingtang orange significantly decreased, making the optimal harvesting period from late November to late January. Sugar citrus, Hongjiang orange, and W. Murcott began to mature in early December, with stable single fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, and transverse diameter, high edible rate, and large solid-to-acid ratio. The edible rate of Sugar citrus and W. Murcott decreased significantly after January 20th, harvesting was needed to complete as soon as possible. The peel thickness of Hongjiang orange increased after March 5th, making it unsuitable for further harvesting. Tango and Honeymurcott began to mature in late December, with stable single fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, and transverse diameter, high edible rate, and large solid-to-acid ratio. The solid-to-acid ratio of Tango decreased after February 5th, requiring completion of harvesting by that date. The edible rate of Honeymurcott significantly decreased after March 5th, making it unsuitable for further harvesting. The soluble solids and solid-to-acid ratio of Orah were high by February 5th, indicating the start of the harvesting period, which could be concluded by April 5th when they reached their maximum. Seedless Orah could be harvested in late February when the edible rate was high, and soluble solids and solid-to-acid ratio were large. After March 5th, the peel thickness of Seedless Orah increased, making it unsuitable for further harvesting. This study provides a scientific basis for determining the fruit characteristics and harvesting periods of citrus in Dehong area.

Key words: humid and hot areas, citrus fruits, maturity period, quality changes

中图分类号:

S666.2

寸待泽, 李晶, 董建梅, 赖新朴, 杨笛, 潘黎, 杜玉霞. 云南湿热区主栽柑橘果实成熟期品质变化[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(2): 386-394.

CUN Daize, LI Jing, DONG Jianmei, LAI Xinpu, YANG Di, PAN Li, DU Yuxia. Study on the quality change of citrus fruit at mature stage in hot and humid area of Yunnan[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(2): 386-394.

图/表 5

图1 不同品种柑橘单果重变化

Fig.1 Changes in single fruit weight of different citrus varieties

图2 不同品种柑橘的果实纵径、横径和果形指数变化

Fig.2 Changes in fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and fruit shape index of different citrus varieties

图3 不同品种柑橘的果皮厚度变化

Fig.3 Changes in peel thickness of different citrus varieties

图4 不同品种柑橘的果实可食率变化

Fig.4 Changes in fruit edibility of different citrus varieties

图5 不同品种柑橘的TSS、TA和TSS/TA的变化

Fig.5 Changes of TSS, TA and TSS/TA of different citrus varieties

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