冬闲田菜肥两用甘蓝型油菜薹采收方式研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250175

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用冬闲农田种植菜肥两用油菜既可以提高烟农收益,又可以改良土壤、均衡营养、预防土传病害,提高后茬作物产量和质量。采用大田试验的方式,以丰油10号为供试材料,研究油菜生长至不同抽薹高度后摘取不同长度的油菜薹对菜薹产量(鲜重)、质量以及油菜翻压前油菜残体生物量的影响。结果表明,当油菜薹高20 cm时摘薹菜薹产量最高,当薹高30 cm时摘薹菜薹产量最低,翻压前油菜残体生物量变化趋势正好与之相反;采收方式对油菜薹品质的影响因采收时的生长高度和摘薹长度不同而有所差异。当油菜薹高 20 cm 时,从薹基部摘薹处理,油菜薹可溶性糖含量最高;薹高30 cm时摘薹,油菜薹粗纤维、蛋白质含量和锌明显高于其他处理;薹高40 cm摘薹,油菜薹维生素C含量显著高于其他处理;当油菜薹高 20 cm 时从薹基部摘薹处理油菜翻压量显著低于其他处理,其他处理间间差异未达显著水平。综合考虑,冬闲农田种植菜肥两用甘蓝型油菜,在薹高40 cm时摘薹25 cm,可在油菜薹高产的同时保障油菜翻压前油菜残体生物量,实现经济效益和生态效益双赢。

关键词: 油菜薹, 采收方式, 菜肥两用, 冬闲田, 产量, 质量, 生物量

Abstract:

Utilizing fallow winter farmland to plant rapeseed for vegetable and green manure dual-use can increase the income of tobacco farmers, improve soil quality, balance nutrients, prevent soil-borne diseases, and enhance the yield and quality of subsequent crops. A field experiment was conducted using the Fengyou 10 variety as the test material to study the effects of harvesting rapeseed shoots at different heights on the yield (weight fresh) and quality of bolt, as well as the biomass before overturning of rapeseed. The results showed that the highest yield of rapeseed bolt was achieved when harvested at a height of 20 cm, while the lowest yield was observed when harvested at a height of 30 cm. The trend in biomass before overturning was the opposite. Harvesting methods on the quality of rapeseed stems varied depending on the growth height and cutting length at the time of harvesting. When the stems were harvested at a height of 20 cm, the soluble sugar content is the highest if they were cut from the base. At a height of 30 cm, the stems exhibited significantly higher levels of crude fiber, protein, and Zn compared with other treatments. When harvested at 40 cm, the vitamin C content was significantly higher than in other treatments. Harvesting at 20 cm resulted in a significantly lower biomass before overturning compared with other treatments. No significant differences were observed among the other treatments. For winter fallow field planted with rapeseed for vegetable and green manure dual-use, shoots harvested at a height of 40 cm with a 25 cm topping length. This approach ensures high rapeseed shoots yield while maintaining sufficient biomass for green manure, both economic and ecological benefits.

Key words: rapeseed shoots, harvesting method, vegetable and green manure dual-use, winter fallow fields, yield, quality, biomass

中图分类号:

S565.4

吴照辉, 王孟孟, 董宁禹, 宋艳丹, 王典, 刘巧真, 徐文正, 韩会阁, 陈广晴. 冬闲田菜肥两用甘蓝型油菜薹采收方式研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(6): 1338-1343.

WU Zhaohui, WANG Mengmeng, DONG Ningyu, SONG Yandan, WANG Dian, LIU Qiaozhen, XU Wenzheng, HAN Huige, CHEN Guangqing. Study on harvesting methods of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) shoots for vegetable and green manure dual-use in winter fallow fields[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(6): 1338-1343.

图/表 11

图1 不同采收方式下的油菜薹产量(鲜重) 柱间无相同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05),图2~6、8~10同。

Fig.1 Yield of rapeseed shoots (fresh weight) under different harvesting methods

图2 不同采收方式下的油菜薹干重

Fig.2 Dry weight of rapeseed shoots under different harvesting methods

图3 不同采收方式下油菜薹可溶性糖含量

Fig.3 Soluble sugar content of rapeseed shoots under different harvesting methods

图4 不同采收方式下油菜薹维生素C含量

Fig.4 Vitamin C content of rapeseed shoots under different harvesting methods

图5 不同采收方式下油菜薹粗纤维含量

Fig.5 Crude fiber content of rapeseed shoots under different harvesting methods

图6 不同采收方式下油菜薹蛋白质含量

Fig.6 Protein content of rapeseed shoots under different harvesting methods

表1 不同采收方式下油菜薹营养元素含量

Table 1 Nutrient content of rapeseed shoots under different harvesting methods

采收方式	Ca/ (g·kg^-1)	Fe/ (g·kg^-1)	Zn/ (mg·kg^-1)	Mn/ (mg·kg^-1)	Cu/ (mg·kg^-1)
20+0	4.96 a	0.25 ab	77.97 ab	34.11 ab	10.14 bc
20+5	5.65 a	0.27 ab	82.21 ab	36.00 a	11.33 b
30+10	4.96 a	0.26 ab	86.27 a	33.03 ab	14.19 a
30+15	4.56 a	0.23 b	82.25 ab	29.25 bc	10.18 bc
40+10	4.44 a	0.30 a	76.23 b	36.32 a	8.07 c
40+15	5.37 a	0.24 b	82.09 ab	25.66 c	9.22 bc

图7 不同采收方式下油菜薹经济效益

Fig.7 Economic benefits of rapeseed shoots under different harvesting methods

图8 不同采收方式下翻压前油菜残体的地上部生物量

Fig.8 Aboveground biomass of rapeseed residues before overturning under different harvesting methods

图9 不同采收方式下翻压前油菜残体的根部生物量

Fig.9 Root biomass of rapeseed residues before overturning under different harvesting methods

图10 不同采收方式下翻压前油菜残体总生物量

Fig.10 Total biomass of rapeseed residues before overturning under different harvesting methods

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