枯草芽孢杆菌对连作生姜产量、抗病性的影响和土壤改良效果

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250491

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂对连作生姜产量、抗病性的影响及其对土壤的改良效果,设置空白对照(不施菌剂,CK)和菌剂处理(枯草芽孢杆菌,TM),通过田间试验,研究微生物菌剂对连作生姜土壤微生物群落结构、产量及抗病性的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,菌剂处理的生姜茎基腐病和根腐病的病株率显著(p<0.05)降低,生姜产量显著提高13.84%,土壤速效钾含量显著增加19.60%。施用枯草芽孢杆菌显著提高了生姜根际土壤细菌多样性和均匀度,显著降低了真菌的丰富度,显著提高了真菌的均匀度,增加了生姜根际土壤放线菌门、厚壁菌门等优势菌门及芽孢杆菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属等有益菌属的相对丰度,降低了子囊菌门以及镰刀菌属等致病菌属的相对丰度。综上所述,生姜生长期持续施用枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂能够有效改善根际土壤微生物群落结构,增加土壤速效钾含量,提高生姜产量,降低土传病害发生。

关键词: 生姜, 微生物菌剂, 枯草芽孢杆菌, 微生物群落, 产量, 连作

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of Bacillus subtilis agent on yield, disease resistance, and soil improvement in continuous ginger cropping, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of microbial agent on microbial community structure in continuous cropping soil, ginger yield and disease resistance by setting blank control (no microbial agent, CK) and microbial agent treatment (Bacillus subtilis, TM). The results showed that compared with CK, microbial agent treatment significantly(p<0.05)reduced the disease rate of stem rot and root rot, the ginger yield was significantly increased by 13.84%, and soil available potassium content was increased by 19.60%. The microbial agent treatment significantly increased bacterial diversity and evenness in the rhizosphere soil of ginger, and significantly reduced fungal richness, significantly increased fungal evenness. Microbial agent treatment increased the relative abundance of dominant bacteria such as Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus and Sphingomonas in the rhizosphere soil of ginger, and reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Ascomycota and Fusarium. In summary, continuous application of Bacillus subtilis microbial agents during the growth period of ginger can effectively improve the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities, increase soil available potassium content, increase ginger yield, and reduce the occurrence of soil borne diseases.

Key words: ginger, microbial agent, Bacillus subtilis, microbial community, yield, continuous cropping

中图分类号:

S632.5

付丽军, 柯思琪, 韩晓清, 张尚卿, 闫红波, 段惠敏, 周禹. 枯草芽孢杆菌对连作生姜产量、抗病性的影响和土壤改良效果[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(1): 222-230.

FU Lijun, KE Siqi, HAN Xiaoqing, ZHANG Shangqing, YAN Hongbo, DUAN Huimin, ZHOU Yu. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on yield, disease resistance, and soil improvement in continuous ginger cropping[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(1): 222-230.

图/表 7

表1 不同处理下生姜病株率及产量

Table 1 Disease rate and yield of ginger under different treatment

处理组	病株率/%			产量/(kg·hm^-2)
处理组	茎基腐病	根腐病	合计	产量/(kg·hm^-2)
对照(CK)	4.52±1.16 a	2.47±0.49 a	6.99	75 236.91±2 785.17 b
微生物菌剂处理(TM)	1.83±0.67 b	0.86±0.37 b	2.69	85 649.69±2 136.40 a

表2 不同处理下生姜土壤理化性质

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of ginger soil under different treatments

处理	pH值	有机质含量/(g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/(g·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1)
对照(CK)	7.97±0.05 a	27.33±0.31 a	1.94±0.04 a	53.10±3.18 a	296.27±9.65 b
微生物菌剂处理(TM)	7.80±0.10 a	28.63±0.55 a	1.94±0.07 a	56.23±4.27 a	354.33±18.75 a

图1 不同处理下生姜根际土壤细菌和真菌OTU韦恩图 a图为细菌,b图为真菌。CK为空白对照,TM为微生物菌剂处理。图2~4同。

Fig.1 Venn diagram of bacteria and fungi OTU in the rhizosphere soil of ginger under different treatments

表3 不同处理下生姜根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的α-多样性

Table 3 Alpha diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of ginger under different treatments

样本编号	细菌α-多样性指数				真菌α-多样性指数
样本编号	Chao1指数	Shannon指数	Shannoneven指数	Coverage指数	Chao1指数	Shannon指数	Shannoneven指数	Coverage指数
CK1	3 258.35 ab	6.25 bc	0.78 c	0.99	928.49 a	4.61 ab	0.67 bc	1.00
CK2	3 106.72 bc	6.38 b	0.80 bc	0.98	857.24 ab	4.50 b	0.62 d	1.00
CK3	2 852.14 d	5.94 c	0.73 d	1.00	875.39 ab	4.58 ab	0.66 c	1.00
TM1	3 327.48 a	6.89 a	0.86 a	0.98	821.20 b	4.78 a	0.74 a	1.00
TM2	3 189.45 ab	6.77 a	0.84 a	0.99	722.17 c	4.43 b	0.69 b	1.00
TM3	3 015.10 cd	6.59 ab	0.83 ab	0.99	620.47 d	4.51 b	0.70 b	1.00

图2 不同处理下生姜根际土壤细菌和真菌群落PLS-DA图(属水平)

Fig.2 PLS-DA plot of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of ginger under different treatments (genus level)

图3 不同处理下生姜根际土壤细菌和真菌在门水平上的相对丰度

Fig.3 Relative abundance of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soil of ginger at the phylum level under different treatments

图4 不同处理下生姜根际细菌和真菌在属水平上的相对丰度

Fig.4 Relative abundance of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soil of ginger at the genus level under different treatments

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