孕穗-抽穗期高温下有机肥配合氮肥调控对糯稻产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231185

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确孕穗-抽穗期高温下有机肥配合氮肥调控对糯稻产量和品质的影响,通过随机区组试验,设置有机肥配合常规氮肥运筹(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=4∶3∶3,CK)、有机肥配合蘖肥前移(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=5∶2∶3,T-CK)、有机肥配合穗肥前移(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=5∶3∶2,P-CK)3个处理,结合2022年浙江省极端高温天气情况(糯稻抽穗前15 d中最高气温达到35 ℃以上的天数有13 d,最高气温连续超35 ℃的天数为12 d,危害热积温为36 ℃,热害强度等级为重度),研究孕穗-抽穗期高温下有机肥配合氮肥调控对糯稻产量和品质的影响。研究表明:糯稻的热害损失率同糯稻的结实率呈显著负相关。同CK相比,T-CK的穗粒数显著增加了88.0%,直链淀粉含量显著降低了50%;P-CK籽粒蛋白质含量显著降低了2.10%。在热害损失率方面,P-CK的热害损失率最低。综上所述,有机肥配合穗肥前移(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=5∶3∶2)可以缓解糯稻孕穗-抽穗期高温热害胁迫。

关键词: 糯稻, 氮肥, 高温热害, 品质

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer regulation on the yield and quality of glutinous rice during the booting-heading stage under high temperature, a randomized block experiment was conducted. Three treatments were set: organic fertilizer combined with conventional nitrogen fertilizer management (base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶heading fertilizer=4∶3∶3, CK), organic fertilizer combined with early tillering fertilizer (base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶heading fertilizer=5∶2∶3, T-CK), and organic fertilizer combined with early heading fertilizer (base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶heading fertilizer=5∶3∶2, P-CK). The study also took into account the extreme high temperature weather conditions in Zhejiang Province in 2022 (with 13 days of highest temperature above 35 ℃and 12 consecutive days of temperature exceeding 35 ℃, with a heat damage degree of 36 ℃ and a severity level of severe). The aim was to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer regulation on the yield and quality of glutinous rice during the booting-heading stage under high temperature. This study indicates that the heat damage loss rate of glutinous rice is significantly negatively correlated with the grain setting rate of glutinous rice. Compared with CK, T-CK significantly increased the number of grains per spike by 8.80%, and significantly reduced the content of amylose by 50%; The protein content in P-CK grains significantly decreased by 2.10%. In terms of heat damage loss rate, P-CK has the lowest heat damage loss rate. In summary, the combination of organic fertilizer and panicle fertilizer (base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶heading fertilizer=5∶3∶2) can alleviate high temperature and heat stress during the the booting-heading period of glutinous rice.

Key words: glutinous rice, nitrogen fertilizer, high temperature heat damage, quality

中图分类号:

S512

王保君, 程旺大, 沈亚强, 陈贵, 张红梅. 孕穗-抽穗期高温下有机肥配合氮肥调控对糯稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(4): 854-858.

WANG Baojun, CHENG Wangda, SHEN Yaqiang, CHEN Gui, ZHANG Hongmei. Effect of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer regulation on yield and quality of glutinous rice during the booting-heading stage under high temperature[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(4): 854-858.

图/表 5

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处理	穗数/(万·hm^-2)	穗粒数	千粒重/g	结实率/%	实际产量/(t·hm^-2)
CK	317±0.13 a	163.25±2.87 b	20.40±0.95 a	88.13±0.50 ab	8.46±0.40 a
P-CK	309±0.23 a	162.60±9.09 b	20.97±0.49 a	91.92±2.28 a	8.45±0.18 a
T-CK	310±0.08 a	177.61±5.75 a	20.17±0.31 a	84.33±3.38 b	8.68±0.30 a

处理	穗数/(万·hm^-2)	穗粒数	千粒重/g	结实率/%	实际产量/(t·hm^-2)
CK	317±0.13 a	163.25±2.87 b	20.40±0.95 a	88.13±0.50 ab	8.46±0.40 a
P-CK	309±0.23 a	162.60±9.09 b	20.97±0.49 a	91.92±2.28 a	8.45±0.18 a
T-CK	310±0.08 a	177.61±5.75 a	20.17±0.31 a	84.33±3.38 b	8.68±0.30 a

处理	精米率/%	整精米率/%	直链淀粉含量/%	蛋白质含量/%	胶稠度/mm	食味感官评分
CK	70.90±0.00 a	69.80±0.14 a	0.20±0.014 a	7.13±0.056 a	97.50±3.54 a	86.00±1.41 a
P-CK	70.85±0.35 a	69.85±0.64 a	0.20±0.028 a	6.98±0.021 b	98.00±2.83 a	87.00±1.41 a
T-CK	70.75±0.21 a	69.60±0.14 a	0.10±0.028 b	7.15±0.014 a	96.50±2.12 a	86.50±0.71 a

处理	精米率/%	整精米率/%	直链淀粉含量/%	蛋白质含量/%	胶稠度/mm	食味感官评分
CK	70.90±0.00 a	69.80±0.14 a	0.20±0.014 a	7.13±0.056 a	97.50±3.54 a	86.00±1.41 a
P-CK	70.85±0.35 a	69.85±0.64 a	0.20±0.028 a	6.98±0.021 b	98.00±2.83 a	87.00±1.41 a
T-CK	70.75±0.21 a	69.60±0.14 a	0.10±0.028 b	7.15±0.014 a	96.50±2.12 a	86.50±0.71 a

糯稻产量和米质指标	热害损失率	P值
精米率	0.705	0.502
整精米率	0.965	0.169
直链淀粉含量	0.898	0.29
蛋白质含量	-0.885	0.308
胶稠度	0.993	0.077
食味感官评分	0.440	0.710
穗数	0.182	0.883
穗粒数	0.851	0.352
千粒重	-0.985	0.110
结实率	-0.998^*	0.044
实际产量	0.851	0.352