不同有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以龙井43为材料,研究茶渣有机肥、生物有机肥和蚕沙有机肥分别与化肥配施对茶叶产量和品质的影响。结果表明,3种有机肥与化肥配施均可显著提高土壤pH值,增加速效磷含量、速效钾含量和有机质含量,其中蚕沙有机肥与化肥配施对土壤基础理化指标的提升效果最为明显;与其他有机肥和化肥配施相比,蚕沙有机肥与化肥配施增产效果最为显著,增产幅度达33.9%;茶渣有机肥、生物有机肥与化肥配施处理均可显著提高叶片中总叶绿素的含量,提高幅度分别为16.8%和15.4%,其中对叶绿素b含量的提升作用优于叶绿素a。蚕沙有机肥与化肥配施可显著提高叶片中游离氨基酸含量,提高幅度达16.5%;生物有机肥与化肥配施可显著提高叶片中茶多酚含量,提高了25.4%。本研究结果可为基于产量和品质的茶叶生产过程中有机肥的施用提供参考。

关键词: 有机肥, 茶叶, 品质

Abstract:

Using Longjing 43 as the material, the effects of organic fertilizers of tea residue, biological organic fertilizer and silkworm excrement organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of tea were studied. The results showed that the combined application of three kinds of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the soil pH, the content of available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. The combined application of silkworm excrement organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer significantly improved the soil basic physical and chemical indexes and increased yield (33.9%), compared with other treatments. The organic fertilizer of tea residue and biological organic fertilizer treatments could significantly increase the content of total chlorophyll in leaves, with an increment of 16.8% and 15.4%, in which the improvement effect on chlorophyll b content was better than that on chlorophyll a. The combined application of silkworm excrement organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the content of free amino acids in leaves by 16.5%. The combined application of biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the content of tea polyphenols in leaves by 25.4%. The results of this study can provide a reference for the application of organic fertilizers in the process of tea production based on yield and quality.

Key words: organic fertilizers, tea, quality

中图分类号:

S571.1

王董兴, 陶娟花, 石其伟, 王亚楠, 马进川. 不同有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(2): 296-300.

Dongxing WANG, Juanhua TAO, Qiwei SHI, Yanan WANG, Jinchuan MA. Effects of different combinations of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on tea yield and quality[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(2): 296-300.

图/表 5

表1 不同有机肥施用对土壤基础理化指标的影响

Table 1 Effects of different organic fertilizers application on soil basic physical and chemical indexes

处理	pH值	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量/ %
T1	4.3±0.17 b	5.3±0.7 a	438.1±57.6 a	244.5±17.6 b	424.0±51.3 b	8.8±1.0 a
T2	5.3±0.32 a	4.8±0.2 a	393.6±8.0 b	286.8±2.9 a	502.5±44.2 ab	7.9±0.6 a
T3	5.1±0.25 a	5.8±0.1 a	480.4±59.5 a	298.5±10.4 a	579.5±38.1 a	9.4±2.5 a
CK	3.9±0.20 c	5.4±0.1 a	442.2±12.7 a	262.7±16.9 b	300.0±35.7 c	5.3±0.2 b

图1 不同有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶产量的影响同组柱上无相同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05), 图2~4同。

Fig.1 Effects of different combinations of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on tea yield

图2 不同有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶叶绿素含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of different combinations of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the chlorophyll content of tea

图3 不同有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶游离氨基酸和茶多酚含量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of different combinations of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the content of free amino acids and tea polyphenols in tea

图4 不同有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶水浸出物含量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of different combinations of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on water-soluble extracts content of tea

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