浙贝母灰霉病病原鉴定及其防治药剂筛选

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240206

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以浙贝母灰霉病植株为材料,采用组织分离法、致病性测定,明确了浙贝母灰霉病病菌种类,研究了化学杀菌剂对该病原菌的影响。结果表明,浙贝母灰霉病病原菌为葡萄孢属(Botrytis spp.)真菌,与郁金香葡萄孢菌(B. tulipae)亲缘关系最近。病原菌BMY最适温度为20 ℃,最适pH值为4~8,最适碳源和氮源分别为果糖和牛肉膏。室内毒力测定结果表明,430 g·L^-1戊唑醇悬浮剂和500 g·L^-1氟啶胺悬浮剂对病源菌BMY的抑菌效果较好,EC₅₀值(50%致死浓度)分别为5.100 9、4.084 2 μg·mL^-1,可作为备选药剂。本研究明确了浙贝母灰霉病的病原菌,筛选出2种具有较好抑制效果的杀菌剂,可为浙贝母灰霉病的田间防控提供参考。

关键词: 浙贝母, 灰霉病, 生物学特性

Abstract:

Taking gray mold plants of Fritillaria thunbergii as the materials, using tissue separation, pathogenicity determination, the pathogens of gray mold on F. thunbergii was identified and the effects of chemical fungicides on the pathogen were studied. The results showed that the pathogens of gray mold on F. thunbergii belongs to Botrytis spp., which is the most closely related to B. tulipae. The optimal temperature of the isolate BMY was 20 ℃; the optimal pH value was 4-8; and the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were fructose and beef extract, respectively. The toxicity measurement showed that 430 g·L^-1 tebuconazole SC and 500 g·L^-1 fluazinam SC had strong inhibitory effect on the pathogen BMY, with EC₅₀ values of 5.100 9 and 4.084 2 μg·mL^-1, respectively, which could be used as candidate agents. In this study, the pathogens of gray mold on F. thunbergii were clarified, and two fungicides with good inhibition effect were screened, which could provide a reference for the field prevention and control of gray mold on F. thunbergii.

Key words: Fritillaria thunbergii, gray mold, biological characteristics

中图分类号:

S567.231

武军, 谢昀烨, 方丽, 王汉荣. 浙贝母灰霉病病原鉴定及其防治药剂筛选[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(5): 1210-1215.

WU Jun, XIE Yunye, FANG Li, WANG Hanrong. Identification and fungicide screening of the pathogen of gray mold on Fritillaria thunbergii[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(5): 1210-1215.

图/表 5

参考文献 21

[1]	NILE S H, SU J J, WU D, et al. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (Zhe Beimu): a review on its traditional uses, phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2021, 153: 112289.
[2]	宗侃侃, 石红静, 陈淑淑, 等. 浙贝母灰霉病发生流行因子分析及综合防治技术[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2018, 59(9):1547-1549.
[3]	阮洪生, 王翰华, 马舒伟, 等. 浙贝母产业现状及思考[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2021, 62(10): 1953-1955, 1959.
[4]	刘玉红, 陈淑淑, 孙彩霞, 等. 浙贝母病虫害发生及农药使用现状调查[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2020, 61(3): 448-450.
[5]	邓曹仁, 胡启松, 陈林杰, 等. 5种杀菌剂对浙贝母灰霉病的防治效果[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2020, 61(11): 2303-2304.
[6]	吕先真, 郑永利, 潘兰兰, 等. 浙贝母主要病害及其综合防治[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2006, 12(2): 85-86.
[7]	朱静坚. 浙贝母种植模式调查与探讨[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2018, 59(3): 380-381, 387.
[8]	李云山, 郑成. 浙贝母灰霉病病菌的生物学特性研究[J]. 浙江农业大学学报, 1984, 10(3): 53-63.
[9]	李吉二, 温思思, 张羽加, 等. 浙贝母灰霉病病原真菌的分子鉴定[J]. 植物保护, 2022, 48(2): 151-156.
[10]	何晓婵, 周小军, 龙安琪, 等. 浙贝母灰霉病病原菌的生物学特性及田间生物农药筛选[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2023, 64(10): 2458-2463.
[11]	STAATS M, VAN BAARLEN P, SCHOUTEN A, et al. Positive selection in phytotoxic protein-encoding genes of Botrytis species[J]. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2007, 44(1): 52-63.
[12]	STAATS M, VAN BAARLEN P, VAN KAN J A L. Molecular phylogeny of the plant pathogenic genus Botrytis and the evolution of host specificity[J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2005, 22(2): 333-346.
[13]	王帆帆, 毛婷, 唐涛, 等. 湖北贝母灰霉病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选[J]. 北方园艺, 2023(17): 102-109.
[14]	DEAN R, VAN KAN J A L, PRETORIUS Z A, et al. The top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology[J]. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2012, 13(4): 414-430.
[15]	陈乐, 苗则彦, 孙柏欣, 等. 辽宁省韭菜灰霉病菌的分类鉴定及生物学特性研究[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2023(5): 72-78.
[16]	朱洪庆, 王盼盼, 张萌, 等. rDNA-ITS序列分析法与传统分类法相结合在真菌鉴定中的应用[J]. 西华师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 37(3): 264-269.
[17]	HE S Q, WEN Z H, BAI B, et al. Botrytis polygoni, a new species of the genus Botrytis infecting Polygonaceae in Gansu, China[J]. Mycologia, 2021, 113(1): 78-91.
[18]	高智谋, 李艳梅, 李喜玲, 等. 源自不同寄主的灰葡萄孢生物学特性的比较研究[J]. 菌物学报, 2009, 28(3): 370-377.
[19]	袁月, 周如军, 傅俊范, 等. 不同人参灰霉病的灰葡萄孢菌生物学特性及致病性比较[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2016, 47(3): 271-277.
[20]	阮若昕, 罗秀俊, 王明爽, 等. 杀菌剂对浙贝母灰霉病菌室内毒力的测定[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2020, 61(12): 2603-2604.
[21]	陈乐, 苗则彦, 孙柏欣, 等. 灰霉病菌抗药性研究进展[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2020, 40(4): 21-30.

序列	GenBank号
序列	ITS	gpd	hsp60	rpb2
B. cinerea SAS56	AJ716294	AJ705006	AJ716067	AJ745677
B.cinerea SAS405	—	AJ705005	AJ716066	AJ745678
B.elliptica BE9610	—	AJ705011	AJ716072	AJ745683
B.elliptica BE9714	AJ716300	AJ705012	AJ716073	AJ745684
B.globosa MUCL444	—	AJ705022	AJ716083	AJ745693
B.narcissicola MUCL18857	—	AJ705025	AJ716086	AJ745698
B.narcissicola MUCL2120	—	AJ705026	AJ716087	AJ745697
B.polyblastis CBS287.38	AJ716291	AJ705030	AJ716091	AJ745702
B.sphaerosperma MUCL21481	AJ716293	AJ705035	AJ716096	AJ745708
B.ulipae Bt9001	—	AJ705040	AJ716101	AJ745712
B.tulipae Bt9830	AJ716301	AJ705041	AJ715102	AJ745713
B.tulipae Bt9901		AJ705042	AJ716103	AJ745714
Monilinia fructigena 9201	—	AJ705043	AJ716047	AJ745715
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 484	—	AJ705044	AJ716048	AJ745716
BMY	MZ722984	MZ770838	MZ770852	MZ770846
BM11	MZ722986	MZ770839	MZ770853	MZ770847
BM20	MZ722985	—	MZ770854	MZ770848
BM22	MZ722987	MZ770840	MZ770855	MZ770849
BM31	MZ722988	MZ770841	MZ770856	MZ770850
BM42	MZ723908	MZ770842	MZ770857	MZ770851

序列	GenBank号
序列	ITS	gpd	hsp60	rpb2
B. cinerea SAS56	AJ716294	AJ705006	AJ716067	AJ745677
B.cinerea SAS405	—	AJ705005	AJ716066	AJ745678
B.elliptica BE9610	—	AJ705011	AJ716072	AJ745683
B.elliptica BE9714	AJ716300	AJ705012	AJ716073	AJ745684
B.globosa MUCL444	—	AJ705022	AJ716083	AJ745693
B.narcissicola MUCL18857	—	AJ705025	AJ716086	AJ745698
B.narcissicola MUCL2120	—	AJ705026	AJ716087	AJ745697
B.polyblastis CBS287.38	AJ716291	AJ705030	AJ716091	AJ745702
B.sphaerosperma MUCL21481	AJ716293	AJ705035	AJ716096	AJ745708
B.ulipae Bt9001	—	AJ705040	AJ716101	AJ745712
B.tulipae Bt9830	AJ716301	AJ705041	AJ715102	AJ745713
B.tulipae Bt9901		AJ705042	AJ716103	AJ745714
Monilinia fructigena 9201	—	AJ705043	AJ716047	AJ745715
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 484	—	AJ705044	AJ716048	AJ745716
BMY	MZ722984	MZ770838	MZ770852	MZ770846
BM11	MZ722986	MZ770839	MZ770853	MZ770847
BM20	MZ722985	—	MZ770854	MZ770848
BM22	MZ722987	MZ770840	MZ770855	MZ770849
BM31	MZ722988	MZ770841	MZ770856	MZ770850
BM42	MZ723908	MZ770842	MZ770857	MZ770851

杀菌剂	毒力回归方程	EC₅₀/(μg·mL^-1)	相关系数
氟啶胺	Y=6.467 9x-0.118 3	4.084 2	0.951 2
戊唑醇	Y=7.462 6x-0.202 1	5.100 9	0.987 6
氟菌·肟菌酯	Y=7.143 2x-0.215 6	48.304 2	0.974 7
吡唑醚菌酯	Y=5.812 9x-0.131 3	2 047.70	0.971 4
啶酰菌胺	Y=5.641 4x-0.208 7	46 261.20	0.941 3

杀菌剂	毒力回归方程	EC₅₀/(μg·mL^-1)	相关系数
氟啶胺	Y=6.467 9x-0.118 3	4.084 2	0.951 2
戊唑醇	Y=7.462 6x-0.202 1	5.100 9	0.987 6
氟菌·肟菌酯	Y=7.143 2x-0.215 6	48.304 2	0.974 7
吡唑醚菌酯	Y=5.812 9x-0.131 3	2 047.70	0.971 4
啶酰菌胺	Y=5.641 4x-0.208 7	46 261.20	0.941 3