浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (6): 1460-1466.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240865

• 植保技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻田测报灯下的昆虫群落结构分析

洪志慧1(), 柯汉云1,*(), 赵帅锋1, 胡选祥1, 黄艳萍1, 徐云红2, 潘晓智3, 邱志强3, 翁秉心4, 谢生旺5   

  1. 1.建德市农技推广中心,浙江 建德 311600
    2.建德市新安植保有限责任公司,浙江 建德 311600
    3.浙江睦府农业发展有限公司,浙江 建德 311600
    4.建德市秉祥家庭农场有限公司,浙江 建德 311614
    5.建德市大同镇万源家庭农场,浙江 建德 311614
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11 出版日期:2025-06-11 发布日期:2025-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 柯汉云,E-mail: 568583118@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:洪志慧,男(1967—),浙江建德人,农艺师,主要从事植物保护和农业技术推广工作,E-mail:313271275@qq.com。

Analysis of insect community structure in rice field under monitoring lamp

HONG Zhihui1(), KE Hanyun1,*(), ZHAO Shuaifeng1, HU Xuanxiang1, HUANG Yanping1, XU Yunhong2, PAN Xiaozhi3, QIU Zhiqiang3, WENG Bingxin4, XIE Shengwang5   

  1. 1. Jiande Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jiande 311600, Zhejiang
    2. Xinan Plant Protection Co., Ltd. of Jiande City, Jiande 311600, Zhejiang
    3. Zhejiang Mufu Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Jiande 311600, Zhejiang
    4. Bingxiang Family Farm Co., Ltd. of Jiande City, Jiande 311614, Zhejiang
    5. Wanyuan Family Farm of Datong Town, Jiande City, Jiande 311614, Zhejiang
  • Received:2024-11-11 Online:2025-06-11 Published:2025-06-23

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摘要：

为掌握水稻田间生长期内的昆虫群落结构,探究其发生规律及为害特征,2014—2023年在浙江省建德市的水稻田间对测报灯下的昆虫群落进行了调研。从昆虫群落的自然组成、优势种、功能组成及不同时间的昆虫群落比较等方面进行分析,数据显示,在水稻田测报灯下的昆虫群落包含了14个目、81个种,其中鳞翅目昆虫数量最多,占比达到30.86%,其次是同翅目和鞘翅目,分别占17.28%和14.81%。以营养水平作为分类依据,昆虫群落可被分为4个功能团,其中植食性昆虫占据主导地位,种类数量占总物种数的72.83%,个体数量占群落总数的32.79%。在植食性昆虫中,对水稻构成威胁的主要害虫种类占据了物种总数的48.14%,这些害虫种类众多且数量庞大,对水稻田造成的损害最为严重。群落中优势度排名前7位的昆虫为按蚊、白背飞虱、黑蚁、稻蓟马、大猿叶虫、二化螟和褐飞虱,这些昆虫的数量占群落总数的78.77%,属于优势种,对昆虫群落结构和群落环境起着决定性作用。按时间划分,稻田昆虫群落的多样性、均匀度均呈现逐年降低的趋势,但2020—2021年的稻田昆虫群落多样性和均匀度都异常升高,多样性指数(H')、均匀度(J)为10年间最大。

关键词: 稻田, 昆虫, 群落结构, 测报灯

Abstract:

In order to understand the insect community structure during the growth period of rice in the field and explore its occurrence rule and damage characteristics, the insect community under the monitoring lamp was investigated in the rice field of Jiande City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023. In this study, the natural composition, dominant species, functional composition of the insect community and comparison of insect communities at different time were analyzed. The data showed that the insect community under the monitoring lamp in the rice field consisted of 14 orders and 81 species, among which Lepidoptera had the largest number, accounting for 30.86%, followed by Homoptera and Coleoptera, accounting for 17.28% and 14.81%, respectively. According to the nutrient level, the insect community can be divided into four functional groups, in which the phytophagous insects occupy the dominant position, with the number of species accounting for 72.83% and the number of individuals accounting for 32.79%. Among the phytophagous insects, the main pests that pose a threat to rice accounted for 48.14% of the total species, and these pests are numerous and large in number, causing the most serious damage to the rice field. The top 7 dominant insects in the community were Anopheles sp., Sogatella furcifera, Lasius niger, Stenchaetothrips, Colaphellus bowringi, Chilo suppressalis and Nilaparvate lugens, which accounted for 78.77% of the total number of the community and played a decisive role in the community structure and community environment. According to the time division, the diversity and evenness of insect community in rice field showed a decreasing trend year by year, but the diversity and evenness of insect community in rice field increased abnormally in 2020-2021, and the diversity index (H') and evenness (J) were the largest in 10 years.

Key words: rice field, insect, community structure, monitoring lamp

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