浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (6): 1522-1528.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250445

• 果树与蔬菜 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于主成分分析综合评价不同采收期的莼菜品质

王嘉敏1,2(), 张旭1,2, 吴明江1,2, 苏来金1,2()   

  1. 1.温州大学 三垟湿地生态环境研究院,浙江 温州 325035
    2.温州大学 生命与环境科学学院,浙江省水环境与 海洋生物资源保护重点实验室,浙江 温州 325035
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2026-06-11 发布日期:2026-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 苏来金
  • 作者简介:苏来金,E-mail:sulj@wzu.edu.cn
    王嘉敏,研究方向为生物资源保护与利用。E-mail:17798999895@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    温州大学三垟湿地研究院研究项目(SY2022YB-1005)

Comprehensive evaluation of quality of Brasenia schreberi at different harvesting periods based on principal component analysis

WANG Jiamin1,2(), ZHANG Xu1,2, WU Mingjiang1,2, SU Laijin1,2()   

  1. 1.Sanyang Wetland Ecological Environment Research Institute,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035,Zhejiang
    2.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection,College of Life and Environmental Science,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035,Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-06-23 Online:2026-06-11 Published:2026-06-12
  • Contact: SU Laijin

摘要:

本文探究了不同采收期对莼菜主要成分含量的影响,采用主成分分析法,综合评价其最佳品质期,为莼菜的加工利用与可持续发展提供科学依据。结果表明,莼菜嫩叶和老叶的水分含量最多,其中5月含量最高,分别达到98.71%和89.25%。6月嫩叶和老叶的粗多糖含量最高,分别达到108.9和93.6 g·kg-1。5月莼菜嫩叶和老叶的蛋白质含量最高,分别为4.8和33.0 g·kg-1。10月莼菜嫩叶和老叶的灰分含量最高,分别为1.3和17.0 g·kg-1。3种主要矿物质中,钙含量最高。10月的嫩叶和老叶中钙含量最高,分别为213.9和2 997.6 mg·kg-1。叶绿素和总类胡萝卜素含量变化趋势相似,其中5月莼菜嫩叶的叶绿素和总类胡萝卜素含量最高,分别为0.24和0.05 mg·g-1,老叶分别为1.56和0.38 mg·g-1。碳含量在5—7月持续上升,并在7月达到峰值,嫩叶和老叶的碳含量分别为28.66%和38.72%。主成分分析结果显示,5月采收的嫩叶和老叶综合品质最佳,该时期莼菜水分充足、蛋白质和矿物质含量丰富、新鲜度高。

关键词: 莼菜, 品质, 主要成分, 主成分分析

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of different harvesting periods on the content of major components of Brasenia schreberi,employed principal component analysis to comprehensively evaluate its optimal quality period,providing a scientific basis for the processing,utilization,and sustainable development of Brasenia schreberi. The results showed that the water content of young leaves and old leaves of Brasenia schreberi was the highest,and the content in May was the highest,reaching 98.71% and 89.25%,respectively. The content of crude polysaccharide of young leaves and old leaves in June was the highest,reaching 108.9 and 93.6 g·kg-1,respectively. The protein content of young leaves and old leaves in May was the highest,which was 4.8 and 33.0 g·kg-1,respectively. The ash content of young leaves and old leaves in October was the highest,which was 1.3 and 17.0 g·kg-1,respectively. Among the three main minerals,calcium content was the highest. The calcium content of young leaves and old leaves in October was the highest,which was 213.9 and 2 997.6 mg·kg-1,respectively. The changes of chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents were similar. The chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents of young leaves in May were the highest,reaching 0.24 and 0.05 mg·g-1,respectively,and those of old leaves were 1.56 and 0.38 mg·g-1,respectively. The carbon content increased continuously from May to July,and reached the peak in July. The carbon content of young leaves and old leaves in July was 28.66% and 38.72%,respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive quality of young leaves and old leaves in May was the best. During this period,Brasenia schreberi had sufficient water,rich protein and mineral content,and high freshness.

Key words: Brasenia schreberi, quality, main components, principal component analysis

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