浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (9): 2133-2139.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250329

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

播种期和采收期对鲜食黄金小玉米品质的影响

牛丽影1(), 蔡晨翔1, 赵文明2, 冯佳林1, 刘柠月1, 吴海虹1, 聂梅梅1, 刘天星3, 李大婧1(), 陈艳萍2   

  1. 1.江苏省农业科学院 农产品加工研究所,江苏 南京 210014
    2.江苏省农业科学院 粮食作物研究所,江苏 南京 210014
    3.江苏省黄海农场有限公司,江苏 盐城 224634
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-03 出版日期:2026-09-11 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 李大婧
  • 作者简介:李大婧,E-mail:lidajing@163.com。
    牛丽影,主要从事果蔬加工与品质调控研究。E-mail:liying.niu@hotmail.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业科技自主创新项目[CX(23)1018]

Effects of seeding date and harvest date on the quality of fresh-eating Huangjinxiaoyumi

NIU Liying1(), CAI Chenxiang1, ZHAO Wenming2, FENG Jialin1, LIU Ningyue1, WU Haihong1, NIE Meimei1, LIU Tianxing3, LI Dajing1(), CHEN Yanping2   

  1. 1.Institute of Agro-Product Processing,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu
    2.Institute of Food Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu
    3.Jiangsu Huanghai Farm Co. ,Ltd. ,Yancheng 224634,Jiangsu
  • Received:2025-05-03 Online:2026-09-11 Published:2026-09-24
  • Contact: LI Dajing

摘要:

黄金小玉米为国家地理标志农产品,属于鲜食糯玉米,其主要特色在于穗型小巧、口感甜糯。本研究以苏玉糯5号和金糯262两种鲜食糯玉米为对照,对春播和夏播两个播种季共7个采收日期的黄金小玉米的果穗形状、籽粒性状及籽粒感官品质进行了比较。结果表明,在授粉后17~20 d,黄金小玉米穗长10.5~11.8 cm,穗粗2.4~3.0 cm,鲜百粒重14.5~16.5 g,上述指标均低于苏玉糯5号和金糯262。此外,黄金小玉米籽粒水分含量较低,硬度较高,可溶性固形物含量也较高,香气浓郁,但其甜度和嫩度受播种期和采收期的影响较大。黄金小玉米还具有发育时间短、籽粒品质变化快、受气候环境影响大等特点。因此,适期播种和适时采收是提高黄金小玉米品质稳定性、保障产业良好发展的重要措施。

关键词: 黄金小玉米, 播种期, 采收期, 鲜食糯玉米

Abstract:

Huangjinxiaoyumi is a national geographical indication agricultural product,belonging to fresh-eating waxy corn,and is characterized by its small ear size and sweet,glutinous taste. In this study,two fresh-eating waxy corn cultivars,Suyunuo 5 and Jinnuo 262,were used as controls to compare the ear shape,kernel traits,and kernel sensory quality of Huangjinxiaoyumi harvested at seven dates across two seeding dates(spring and summer). The results showed that at 17-20 days after pollination,Huangjinxiaoyumi had ear length of 10.5-11.8 cm,ear diameter of 2.4-3.0 cm,and fresh hundred-kernel weight of 14.5-16.5 g,all of which were lower than those of Suyunuo 5 and Jinnuo 262. In addition,Huangjinxiaoyumi exhibited lower kernel moisture content,higher hardness,higher soluble solids content,and stronger aroma,while its sweetness and tenderness were greatly influenced by seeding date and harvest date. Huangjinxiaoyumi also featured a short development period,rapid changes in kernel quality,and high sensitivity to climatic conditions. Therefore,appropriate sowing date and timely harvest are important measures to improve the quality stability of Huangjinxiaoyumi and ensure the healthy development of its industry.

Key words: Huangjinxiaoyumi, seeding date, harvest date, waxy fresh corn

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