病虫害对桑叶营养成分变化及家蚕经济性状的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230353

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究旨在分析病虫害桑叶营养成分变化及其对家蚕生长发育与经济性状的影响,探讨利用受害桑叶养蚕,减轻损失的可能性。分别采集正常桑叶、桑褐斑病害桑叶和红蜘蛛虫害桑叶,检测各组桑叶的营养成分。通过养蚕试验分析病虫害桑叶对家蚕的影响。结果显示,病害桑叶中的粗脂肪和可溶性糖含量极显著高于正常桑叶,而氨基酸总量和粗纤维含量极显著低于正常桑叶;虫害桑叶的氨基酸总量和粗蛋白含量显著高于正常桑叶,而粗脂肪和可溶性糖含量极显著低于正常桑叶。养蚕试验结果显示,病虫害桑叶对家蚕茧质的影响较大,但对万头蚕产茧量、生长发育的影响不显著。桑叶遭受桑褐斑病和红蜘蛛为害后产量受损,但仍具有饲用价值;及时采用饲蚕,可以减少损失、提高产量。

关键词: 病虫害, 桑叶, 营养成分, 家蚕, 经济性状

Abstract:

In this study, the effects of disease and insect pests on nutrient composition of mulberry leaves and the growth and economic characteristics of silkworm were analyzed, and the possibility of using disease and pest affected mulberry leaves to reduce the loss of silkworm was discussed. Normal mulberry leaves, brown spot mulberry leaves and red spider insect mulberry leaves were collected to detect the nutritional components of each group. The effects of disease and pest affected mulberry leaves on silkworm were analyzed through silkworm rearing experiments. The results showed that the contents of crude fat and soluble sugar in diseased mulberry leaves were significantly higher than those in normal mulberry leaves, while the contents of total amino acid and crude fiber were significantly lower than those in normal mulberry leaves. The contents of total amino acid and crude protein in pest affected mulberry leaves were significantly higher than those in normal mulberry leaves, while the contents of crude fat and soluble sugar were significantly lower than those in normal mulberry leaves. The results of silkworm rearing experiments showed that mulberry leaves had a great effect on cocoon quality, but had no significant effect on cocoon production and growth of ten thousand silkworm. The yield of mulberry leaves was damaged by brown spot and red spider, but it still had feeding value. Timely harvest for silkworm rearing can reduce loss and increase yield.

Key words: diseases and insect pests, mulberry leaf, nutrient composition, silkworm, economic character

中图分类号:

S888.7

粟思源, 张智勇, 胡春梅, 刘彬斌, 刘俊凤, 王红林, 寇晶, 吴建梅. 病虫害对桑叶营养成分变化及家蚕经济性状的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(11): 2733-2737.

SU Siyuan, ZHANG Zhiyong, HU Chunmei, LIU Binbin, LIU Junfeng, WANG Honglin, KOU Jing, WU Jianmei. Effects of disease and insect pests on nutrient composition of mulberry leaves and economic characters of silkworm[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(11): 2733-2737.

图/表 6

参考文献 17

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调查项目	粗蛋白	粗脂肪	粗灰分	粗纤维	可溶性糖	水分
病害桑叶	18.82^##	1.24^**##	12.87	11.40^**##	6.97^**##	77.63
虫害桑叶	20.02^*	0.65^**	14.83	12.10	4.35^**	76.09
正常桑叶	19.32	0.89	13.09	12.00	5.31	79.16

调查项目	粗蛋白	粗脂肪	粗灰分	粗纤维	可溶性糖	水分
病害桑叶	18.82^##	1.24^**##	12.87	11.40^**##	6.97^**##	77.63
虫害桑叶	20.02^*	0.65^**	14.83	12.10	4.35^**	76.09
正常桑叶	19.32	0.89	13.09	12.00	5.31	79.16

桑叶	苯丙氨酸	组氨酸	赖氨酸	精氨酸	亮氨酸	蛋氨酸	苏氨酸	缬氨酸	异亮氨酸
病害桑叶	6.19	2.22	5.24	5.56^*	9.76^*##	1.51^**	5.00	6.43	5.24^*
虫害桑叶	6.16^*	2.25	5.29	5.65^*	9.49	1.52^**	5.07^**	6.45	5.29^*
正常桑叶	6.26	2.21	5.04	5.34	9.47	1.15	4.81	6.34	5.04
桑叶	天门冬氨酸	谷氨酸	胱氨酸	脯氨酸	甘氨酸	丙氨酸	丝氨酸	酪氨酸	氨基酸总量
病害桑叶	11.75^**##	13.10^#	0.32^**##	5.71^**	6.35	7.14^**##	5.16^*	3.57	12.60^**##
虫害桑叶	12.61^**	12.75^**	0.36^**	5.58^**	6.38	6.67	5.00	3.70	13.80^**
正常桑叶	13.28	13.36	0.23	6.34	6.26	6.79	4.89	3.36	13.10

桑叶	苯丙氨酸	组氨酸	赖氨酸	精氨酸	亮氨酸	蛋氨酸	苏氨酸	缬氨酸	异亮氨酸
病害桑叶	6.19	2.22	5.24	5.56^*	9.76^*##	1.51^**	5.00	6.43	5.24^*
虫害桑叶	6.16^*	2.25	5.29	5.65^*	9.49	1.52^**	5.07^**	6.45	5.29^*
正常桑叶	6.26	2.21	5.04	5.34	9.47	1.15	4.81	6.34	5.04
桑叶	天门冬氨酸	谷氨酸	胱氨酸	脯氨酸	甘氨酸	丙氨酸	丝氨酸	酪氨酸	氨基酸总量
病害桑叶	11.75^**##	13.10^#	0.32^**##	5.71^**	6.35	7.14^**##	5.16^*	3.57	12.60^**##
虫害桑叶	12.61^**	12.75^**	0.36^**	5.58^**	6.38	6.67	5.00	3.70	13.80^**
正常桑叶	13.28	13.36	0.23	6.34	6.26	6.79	4.89	3.36	13.10

桑叶	食下干物重/g	蚕粪干物重/g	消化干物重/g	消化率/ %
病害桑叶	505.01	362.94	142.07^#	28.13^#
虫害桑叶	531.92	367.54	164.37	30.90
正常桑叶	511.25	364.36	146.89	28.73