不同结构优化方式对烤烟LY1306质量的提升

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230424

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过调控烤烟LY1306的打顶高度和留叶数,优化烟株结构,提高烤后烟叶产量和品质,为洛阳优质烤烟LY1306生产提供技术依据。该试验采用双因素随机区组设计,双因素为打顶高度和留叶数,打顶高度分别为1.40、1.55、1.70 m,留叶数分别为14、16、18、20片。结果表明:打顶高度大于1.55 m、留叶数在16片以上的各项性状优于常规处理;上部叶的物理性状在打顶高度为1.40 m、留叶数为16片时较为优秀,中部叶以1.55 m的打顶高度和16片留叶的处理最优,打顶高度为1.70 m、留叶20片的处理各项数据较差。打顶高度为1.70 m、留叶数为20片的处理烟叶叶长、叶宽大于其他处理,含梗率较低,数据最优;打顶高度为1.40 m、留叶14片的处理叶片较小,各性状稍差。不同处理的外观质量得分都优于对照,1.55 m的打顶高度和18片留叶数的处理各部位综合得分均为最高。打顶高度1.55 m和18片留叶数处理的烟株经济性状表现最优,667 m²产量128.96 kg,产值3 410.99元,且上等烟比例最高。综上所述,烤烟LY1306打顶高度1.55 m和留叶数18片时,烤后烟叶物理特性较好,化学成分含量适宜,协调性较好,提升了烟叶外观质量,提高了烟叶等级,提升了上等叶的比例,可满足卷烟工业的需求。

关键词: 烤烟, LY1306, 打顶高度, 留叶数, 产质量

Abstract:

By adjusting the topping height and the number of leaves retained in flue-cured tobacco LY1306, the structure of the tobacco plant was optimized to improve the yield and quality of the cured leaves after roasting, providing a technical basis for the production of high-quality flue-cured tobacco LY1306 in Luoyang. This experiment used a two-factor randomized block design, with the two factors being the topping height and the number of leaves retained. The topping heights were 1.40, 1.55 and 1.70 m, and the number of leaves retained were 14, 16, 18 and 20. The results showed that when the topping height was greater than 1.55 m and the number of leaves retained was more than 16, the traits were superior to conventional treatment. The physical properties of the upper leaves were more excellent when the topping height was 1.40 m with 16 leaves retained, and the middle leaves were best treated with a topping height of 1.55 m and 16 leaves retained. The treatment with a topping height of 1.70 m and 20 leaves retained had poorer data for all items. The treatment with a topping height of 1.70 m and 20 leaves retained had longer and wider leaves and a lower stem rate, with the best data. The treatment with a topping height of 1.40 m and 14 leaves retained had smaller leaves and slightly worse traits. The appearance quality scores of different treatments were all better than the control, and the treatment with a topping height of 1.55 m and 18 leaves retained had the highest comprehensive score for all parts. The economic traits of the tobacco plant treated with a topping height of 1.55 m and 18 leaves retained were the best, with a yield of 128.96 kg per 667 m², a value of 3 410.99 yuan, and the highest proportion of top-grade tobacco. In summary, when the topping height of flue-cured tobacco LY1306 was 1.55 meters and the number of leaves retained was 18, the cured leaves had better physical properties, suitable chemical component content, good coordination, improved appearance quality, increased leaf grade, and a higher proportion of top-grade leaves, which could meet the needs of the cigarette industry.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, LY1306, topping height, number of leaves retained, yield and quality

中图分类号:

S572

李丽华, 岳修强, 宋正熊, 孔德辉, 董昆乐, 薛刚. 不同结构优化方式对烤烟LY1306质量的提升[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(10): 2461-2469.

LI Lihua, YUE Xiuqiang, SONG Zhengxiong, KONG Dehui, DONG Kunle, XUE Gang. Improvement of flue-cured tobacco LY1306 quality through different structural optimization methods[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(10): 2461-2469.

图/表 9

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处理	茎围/ cm	节距/ cm	最大叶长/ cm	最大叶宽/ cm	最大叶面积/ cm²
CK	12.00 ab	6.70 a	70.50 c	31.58 cd	1 412.79 bc
T1	10.20 c	6.30 b	60.70 e	29.42 d	1 132.96 d
T2	11.80 b	5.80 d	66.58 d	32.67 c	1 380.07 c
T3	12.67 a	5.47 e	74.00 a	35.58 ab	1 670.74 ab
T4	12.33 a	6.00 c	72.75 abc	37.13 a	1 714.07 a
T5	12.03 ab	6.00 c	73.27 ab	34.10 bc	1 585.23 b
T6	12.53 a	5.50 e	73.83 ab	36.43 ab	1 706.80 a

处理	茎围/ cm	节距/ cm	最大叶长/ cm	最大叶宽/ cm	最大叶面积/ cm²
CK	12.00 ab	6.70 a	70.50 c	31.58 cd	1 412.79 bc
T1	10.20 c	6.30 b	60.70 e	29.42 d	1 132.96 d
T2	11.80 b	5.80 d	66.58 d	32.67 c	1 380.07 c
T3	12.67 a	5.47 e	74.00 a	35.58 ab	1 670.74 ab
T4	12.33 a	6.00 c	72.75 abc	37.13 a	1 714.07 a
T5	12.03 ab	6.00 c	73.27 ab	34.10 bc	1 585.23 b
T6	12.53 a	5.50 e	73.83 ab	36.43 ab	1 706.80 a

打顶后天数/d	处理	长度/cm	宽度/cm	叶面积/cm²	单片叶鲜重/g	单片叶干重/g	鲜干比
10	CK	64.26 c	34.27 b	1 397.29 b	71.38 c	16.69 a	4.28 e
	T1	65.63 c	30.43 c	1 267.17 c	68.54 c	13.11 c	5.23 cd
	T2	75.28 a	36.70 a	1 752.98 a	97.42 a	14.74 b	6.61 a
	T3	73.22 ab	33.59 b	1 560.53 ab	84.26 b	14.16 bc	5.95 b
	T4	70.40 b	37.26 a	1 664.36 a	90.51 ab	16.96 a	5.34 c
	T5	65.47 c	34.56 b	1 435.65 b	73.25 c	14.84 b	4.94 d
	T6	66.59 c	31.87 c	1 346.55 bc	66.31 c	13.06 c	5.08 cd
20	CK	71.78 b	37.02 b	1 686.05 c	77.97 c	18.67 c	4.18 c
	T1	75.44 a	39.17 ab	1 874.94 b	86.09 b	17.94 d	4.80 ab
	T2	76.44 a	38.39 b	1 861.96 b	88.50 b	17.49 d	5.06 a
	T3	75.56 a	41.67 a	1 997.78 a	98.21 a	20.52 a	4.79 ab
	T4	74.17 a	38.39 b	1 709.23 c	85.44 b	19.87 b	4.30 bc
	T5	70.43 b	35.64 c	1 592.67 d	74.22 cd	16.42 e	4.52 b
	T6	70.26 b	34.90 c	1 555.84 d	71.59 d	16.69 e	4.29 bc
30	CK	62.46 d	33.00 c	1 307.82 e	64.23 e	14.78 c	4.35 c
	T1	81.28 a	40.44 a	2 085.58 a	115.30 a	20.64 a	5.59 a
	T2	81.22 a	39.06 ab	2 012.92 a	110.86 a	20.19 ab	5.49 a
	T3	77.50 b	38.38 b	1 887.29 b	106.79 ab	19.59 b	5.45 a
	T4	76.50 b	40.89 a	1 855.05 b	98.97 bc	19.59 b	5.05 b
	T5	71.08 c	38.24 b	1 724.63 c	90.30 c	18.73 b	4.82 b
	T6	68.72 c	36.28 bc	1 581.91 d	75.14 d	16.34 bc	4.60 bc
40	CK	62.00 d	35.06 c	1 379.23 d	69.33 e	17.06 c	4.06 d
	T1	78.67 a	43.50 a	2 171.35 a	133.69 a	26.77 a	4.99 a
	T2	76.83 ab	37.11 bc	1 809.06 b	97.22 bc	19.62 bc	4.95 a
	T3	74.81 b	38.62 b	1 833.17 b	106.37 b	20.71 b	5.14 a
	T4	74.39 b	36.50 bc	1 722.82 bc	94.39 c	21.23 b	4.45 b
	T5	68.33 c	37.94 b	1 644.90 b	85.33 d	20.52 b	4.16 cd
	T6	64.06 cd	31.28 d	1 271.41 d	63.70 e	14.76 d	4.32 bc

打顶后天数/d	处理	长度/cm	宽度/cm	叶面积/cm²	单片叶鲜重/g	单片叶干重/g	鲜干比
10	CK	64.26 c	34.27 b	1 397.29 b	71.38 c	16.69 a	4.28 e
	T1	65.63 c	30.43 c	1 267.17 c	68.54 c	13.11 c	5.23 cd
	T2	75.28 a	36.70 a	1 752.98 a	97.42 a	14.74 b	6.61 a
	T3	73.22 ab	33.59 b	1 560.53 ab	84.26 b	14.16 bc	5.95 b
	T4	70.40 b	37.26 a	1 664.36 a	90.51 ab	16.96 a	5.34 c
	T5	65.47 c	34.56 b	1 435.65 b	73.25 c	14.84 b	4.94 d
	T6	66.59 c	31.87 c	1 346.55 bc	66.31 c	13.06 c	5.08 cd
20	CK	71.78 b	37.02 b	1 686.05 c	77.97 c	18.67 c	4.18 c
	T1	75.44 a	39.17 ab	1 874.94 b	86.09 b	17.94 d	4.80 ab
	T2	76.44 a	38.39 b	1 861.96 b	88.50 b	17.49 d	5.06 a
	T3	75.56 a	41.67 a	1 997.78 a	98.21 a	20.52 a	4.79 ab
	T4	74.17 a	38.39 b	1 709.23 c	85.44 b	19.87 b	4.30 bc
	T5	70.43 b	35.64 c	1 592.67 d	74.22 cd	16.42 e	4.52 b
	T6	70.26 b	34.90 c	1 555.84 d	71.59 d	16.69 e	4.29 bc
30	CK	62.46 d	33.00 c	1 307.82 e	64.23 e	14.78 c	4.35 c
	T1	81.28 a	40.44 a	2 085.58 a	115.30 a	20.64 a	5.59 a
	T2	81.22 a	39.06 ab	2 012.92 a	110.86 a	20.19 ab	5.49 a
	T3	77.50 b	38.38 b	1 887.29 b	106.79 ab	19.59 b	5.45 a
	T4	76.50 b	40.89 a	1 855.05 b	98.97 bc	19.59 b	5.05 b
	T5	71.08 c	38.24 b	1 724.63 c	90.30 c	18.73 b	4.82 b
	T6	68.72 c	36.28 bc	1 581.91 d	75.14 d	16.34 bc	4.60 bc
40	CK	62.00 d	35.06 c	1 379.23 d	69.33 e	17.06 c	4.06 d
	T1	78.67 a	43.50 a	2 171.35 a	133.69 a	26.77 a	4.99 a
	T2	76.83 ab	37.11 bc	1 809.06 b	97.22 bc	19.62 bc	4.95 a
	T3	74.81 b	38.62 b	1 833.17 b	106.37 b	20.71 b	5.14 a
	T4	74.39 b	36.50 bc	1 722.82 bc	94.39 c	21.23 b	4.45 b
	T5	68.33 c	37.94 b	1 644.90 b	85.33 d	20.52 b	4.16 cd
	T6	64.06 cd	31.28 d	1 271.41 d	63.70 e	14.76 d	4.32 bc

打顶后天数/d	处理	长度/cm	宽度/cm	叶面积/cm²	单片叶鲜重/g	单片叶干重/g	鲜干比
10	CK	65.39 cd	30.51 b	1 265.86 c	70.73 c	12.71 ab	5.57 d
	T1	64.28 d	31.13 ab	1 269.66 c	72.93 bc	11.47 bc	6.36 c
	T2	73.44 b	34.72 a	1 617.87 a	96.03 a	14.08 a	6.82 b
	T3	76.20 a	33.62 a	1 625.49 a	90.86 a	11.87 bc	7.65 a
	T4	72.92 b	35.50 a	1 642.50 a	94.37 a	14.02 a	6.73 b
	T5	68.50 c	32.76 ab	1 423.86 b	78.54 b	12.00 b	6.54 bc
	T6	67.92 c	31.39 ab	1 352.76 bc	69.98 c	10.32 c	6.78 b
20	CK	71.14 b	32.60 d	1 471.51 c	67.67 d	11.89 d	5.69 bc
	T1	74.00 ab	35.94 cd	1 687.49 b	74.75 c	13.40 bc	5.58 c
	T2	76.44 a	38.33 ab	1 859.05 a	87.32 b	14.22 ab	6.14 ab
	T3	77.00 a	40.94 a	2 000.19 a	98.71 a	15.46 a	6.39 a
	T4	74.50 ab	36.40 bc	1 674.45 b	77.40 c	13.59 bc	5.70 bc
	T5	70.77 b	32.81 d	1 473.29 c	71.51 cd	12.08 d	5.92 b
	T6	73.22 ab	33.08 cd	1 536.83 c	73.33 c	12.98 c	5.65 c
30	CK	65.83 c	30.36 c	1 268.11 c	66.93 c	11.04 c	6.06 d
	T1	77.89 a	37.11 ab	1 834.02 a	99.97 ab	13.59 b	7.36 b
	T2	81.78 a	35.67 b	1 850.90 a	106.21 a	15.91 a	6.68 c
	T3	77.53 a	39.23 a	1 929.83 a	110.31 a	13.18 b	8.37 a
	T4	76.11 a	36.56 b	1 672.76 b	94.86 b	13.12 b	7.23 b
	T5	70.58 b	35.80 b	1 603.23 b	88.17 b	13.19 b	6.69 c
	T6	67.72 bc	29.61 c	1 272.29 c	67.41 a	10.54 c	6.40 cd
40	CK	66.94 c	32.67 c	1 387.61 c	66.74 cd	12.69 c	5.26 d
	T1	80.50 a	42.39 a	2 165.16 a	133.73 a	19.00 a	7.04 b
	T2	74.83 b	37.06 b	1 759.60 b	100.24 b	15.01 b	6.68 b
	T3	73.96 b	37.54 b	1 761.66 b	98.14 b	12.75 c	7.70 a
	T4	75.06 b	37.37 b	1 779.77 b	97.65 b	15.17 b	6.44 bc
	T5	66.06 c	33.94 c	1 422.60 c	70.55 c	11.43 c	6.17 c
	T6	62.33 d	31.17 c	1 232.72 c	58.09 d	9.71 d	5.98 c