生态沟渠对农田排水中氮磷等营养元素拦截效果的稳定性研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240466

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农田排水中的氮磷等营养元素会导致自然水体的富营养化,严重威胁水环境健康。生态沟渠作为农田排水的末端处理系统,是控制农田中氮磷等营养元素向自然环境转移的关键,但对其拦截效果稳定性的研究却相对较少。本研究针对金华市2条生态沟渠的氮磷等营养元素的拦截效果进行了监测,并持续地评估了它们在2022—2023年9—10月份的不同点位水体的水质等级。研究结果显示,金华市生态沟渠能够持续降低农田排水中氨氮、总氮、总磷的浓度及化学需氧量,对其中的氮磷等营养元素保持有效且稳定的拦截。且2023年拦截效果明显优于2022年,其中所构建的土壤-微生物-植物系统和正常运行的净化设施对氮磷等营养元素的吸附与拦截均做出了重要贡献。最终,上述生态沟渠能够使农田排水的水体质量标准提高1~2个等级,并将下游水体中的氨氮、总氮、总磷及化学需氧量浓度基本维持在Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水标准。综上可知,金华市生态沟渠能够高效稳定地拦截农田排水中的氮磷等营养元素,但相关潜在影响因素仍需进一步研究。

关键词: 生态沟渠, 农田排水, 拦截效果, 稳定性

Abstract:

Nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage will lead to eutrophication of natural water bodies and seriously threaten the health of water environment. As the terminal treatment system of farmland drainage, ecological ditch is the key to control the transfer of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland to the natural environment, but the research on the stability of its interception effect is relatively few. This study monitored the interception effect of nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in two ecological ditches in Jinhua City, and continuously evaluated the water quality grades at different points from September to October in 2022 to 2023. The results show that Jinhua ecological ditch can continuously reduce the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in farmland drainage, and maintain effective and stable interception of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. And the interception effect in 2022 is significantly better than that in 2023, in which the constructed soil microbial plant system and the normally operating purification facilities have made important contributions to the adsorption and interception of nitrogen and phosphorus and other nutrients. Finally, the above-mentioned ecological ditches can improve the water quality standard of farmland drainage by 1-2 grades, and basically maintain the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in the downstream water body at class Ⅰ-Ⅲ water standards. In conclusion, Jinhua ecological ditches can effectively and stably intercept nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage, but the relevant potential influencing factors still need to be further studied.

Key words: ecological ditch, farmland drainage, interception effects, stability

中图分类号:

葛佳颖, 邵建均, 庄海峰, 李纪伟, 鲁祎, 高红贝, 单胜道. 生态沟渠对农田排水中氮磷等营养元素拦截效果的稳定性研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(9): 2264-2270.

GE Jiaying, SHAO Jianjun, ZHUANG Haifeng, LI Jiwei, LU Yi, GAO Hongbei, SHAN Shengdao. Study on the stability of interception effect of ecological ditches on nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(9): 2264-2270.

图/表 5

表1 地表水环境质量标准(GB3838—2002)限值

Table 1 Environmental quality standard for surface water (GB 3838—2002) 单位:mg·L-1

序号	项目	Ⅰ类	Ⅱ类	Ⅲ类	Ⅳ类	Ⅴ类
1	化学需氧量	≤15	≤15	≤20	≤30	≤40
2	氨氮	≤0.15	≤0.5	≤1.0	≤1.5	≤2.0
3	总氮	≤0.2	≤0.5	≤1.0	≤1.5	≤2.0
4	总磷	≤0.02	≤0.1	≤0.2	≤0.3	≤0.4

图1 2022—2023年金华市生态沟渠对农田排水中氮磷等营养元素的拦截效率

Fig.1 Interception efficiency of ecological ditches for nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage in Jinhua City from 2022 to 2023

图2 2022—2023年金华市生态沟渠不同点位水体水质对比不同处理间没有相同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。图3、4同。

Fig.2 Comparison of water quality at different points of ecological ditches in Jinhua City from 2022 to 2023

图3 金华市生态沟渠2022年9月和10月水质监测结果

Fig.3 Water quality monitoring results of ecological ditches in Jinhua City in September and October in 2022

图4 金华市生态沟渠2023年9月和10月水质监测结果

Fig.4 Water quality monitoring results of ecological ditches in Jinhua City in September and October in 2023

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