微塑料对小白菜生长及镉吸收积累的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250235

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤中微塑料(MPs)与镉(Cd)的复合污染日益普遍,对农作物安全生产构成潜在威胁,但两者的交互作用机制及其生态风险尚不清楚。本研究通过盆栽试验,设置不同浓度聚丙烯(PP)微塑料(0.25%和1.00%)与Cd(0.649 mg·kg^-1)的单独及复合处理,考察小白菜生长指标、光合参数及Cd积累量的变化。结果表明:PP单独暴露会抑制小白菜生长和光合作用,且呈浓度依赖性;Cd单独处理能够促进植物生长;两者复合暴露会产生协同抑制作用,并显著增加小白菜地上部和地下部的Cd积累量,且该效应随PP浓度的升高而增强。本研究结果揭示了MPs和Cd单一及复合污染对小白菜的毒性效应,为农产品安全生产和土壤复合污染治理提供了重要的科学依据。

关键词: 土壤微塑料, 小白菜, 聚丙烯, 镉, 植物积累

Abstract:

The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) in soils is becoming increasingly prevalent, posing potential threats to agricultural product safety. However, the interaction mechanisms and ecological risks between these pollutants remain unclear. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted with different concentrations of polypropylene (PP) MPs (0.25% and 1.00%) and Cd (0.649 mg·kg^-1) in single and combined treatments to investigate their effects on growth parameters, photosynthetic characteristics, and Cd accumulation in Brassica chinensis L.. The results demonstrated that PP alone exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on plant growth and photosynthesis, while Cd alone promoted plant growth. The combined exposure showed synergistic inhibitory effects and significantly enhanced Cd accumulation in both the aboveground and underground parts of Brassica chinensis L., with the effects intensifying at higher PP concentrations. This study revealed the toxic effects of individual and combined MPs-Cd pollution on Brassica chinensis L., providing important scienjpgic evidence for ensuring agricultural product safety and managing soil combined pollution.

Key words: soil microplastics, Brassica chinensis L., polypropylene, cadmium, plant accumulation

中图分类号:

S634.3

潘芊璇, 郭梁, 郭静婕, 邹蕾, 郑伊柠. 微塑料对小白菜生长及镉吸收积累的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(8): 1882-1890.

PAN Qianxuan, GUO Liang, GUO Jingjie, ZOU Lei, ZHENG Yining. Effects of microplastics on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Brassica chinensis L.[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(8): 1882-1890.

图/表 6

图1 不同PP浓度下Cd对小白菜生长发育的影响柱形图上方无相同大写字母和小写字母分别表示各处理在P < 0.01和P< 0.05水平上有显著差异,图2~3同。

Fig.1 Effects of cadmium on the growth and development of Brassica chinensis L.under different PP concentrations

表1 不同处理下小白菜的胁迫响应生物量

Table 1 BRS of Brassica chinensis L.under different treatments

组别	地上部生物量(鲜重)/ (g·盆^-1)	BRS/%
CK+NPP	3.347±0.195 B b	0
CK+LPP	3.155±0.161 BC b	-5.736
CK+HPP	3.075±0.114 BC b	-8.127
Cd+NPP	3.848±0.117 A a	14.969
Cd+LPP	3.017±0.215 BC b	-9.860
Cd+HPP	2.684±0.232 C c	-19.809

表2 Cd、PP及其互作效应对小白菜各指标影响的双因素方差分析结果

Table 2 Two-factor analysis reault of variance on the effects of Cd, PP and their interaction effects on various indicators of Brassica chinensis L.

指标	Cd	PP	Cd × PP
地上部生物量	0.012 ns	25.800^***	9.979^**
地下部生物量	2.110 ns	38.950^***	11.060^**
株高	1.516 ns	37.679^***	4.396^*
根长	2.371 ns	28.473^***	2.627 ns
净光合速率	0.476 ns	46.192^***	28.710^***
叶绿素a	2.154 ns	75.573^***	7.104^**
叶绿素b	6.364^*	118.634^***	8.756^**
地上部Cd含量	2 025.190^***	168.723^***	44.556^***
地下部Cd含量	3 914.822^***	120.002^***	56.192^***

图2 不同PP浓度下Cd对小白菜光合速率和叶绿素含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of cadmium on the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of Brassica chinensis L.under different PP concentrations

图3 不同PP浓度下Cd对小白菜地上部和地下部Cd含量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of cadmium on the Cd content of Brassica chinensis L.under different PP concentrations

表3 不同处理下小白菜的富集系数(BF)和转运系数(TF)

Table 3 BF and TF of Brassica chinensis L.under different treatments

组别	BF	TF
CK+NPP	0.133	0.656
CK+LPP	0.193	0.664
CK+HPP	0.285	0.751
Cd+NPP	0.656	0.485
Cd+LPP	0.994	0.496
Cd+HPP	1.205	0.585

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