浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (6): 1328-1332.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250231

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

优化施肥对甬优1540产量和肥料利用率的影响

王学锋1(), 麻理亚1, 胡泽凡1, 黄益面2, 李晓3, 叶挺云1,*(), 叶雪珠4, 陈德4,*()   

  1. 1.瑞安市农业农村局,浙江 瑞安 325200
    2.瑞安市马屿镇农业农村工作办公室,浙江 瑞安 325208
    3.江苏华昌化工股份有限公司,江苏 苏州 215634
    4.浙江省农业科学院 农产品质量安全与营养研究所, 浙江 杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25 出版日期:2025-06-11 发布日期:2025-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 叶挺云(1975—),男,浙江龙湾人,高级农艺师,本科,从事土壤肥力及受污染耕地安全利用工作,E-mail:715040949@qq.com;陈德(1986—),男,副研究员,博士,研究方向为农业废弃物资源化利用,E-mail:chendeabcd@163.com。
  • 作者简介:王学锋(1976—),男,浙江瑞安人,农艺师,本科,从事农业技术推广等工作,E-mail: wzwxf@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    瑞安市化肥减量增效“三新”试点项目(2023年)

Effects of optimizing fertilization on the yield and nutrient utilization efficiency of Yongyou 1540

WANG Xuefeng1(), MA Liya1, HU Zefan1, HUANG Yimian2, LI Xiao3, YE Tingyun1,*(), YE Xuezhu4, CHEN De4,*()   

  1. 1. Ruian Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ruian 325200, Zhejiang
    2. Agricultural and Rural Office of Mayu Town of Ruian City, Ruian 325208, Zhejiang
    3. Jiangsu Huachang Chemical Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215634, Jiangsu
    4. Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-03-25 Online:2025-06-11 Published:2025-06-23

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摘要：

化肥的不合理施用是我国农业环境领域的主要问题之一,探索适用于区域化的化肥减量技术和减量比例、提高肥料利用率具有重要意义。本研究以晚稻品种甬优1540为试验材料,通过田间试验,设置不施肥(CK)、不施氮(N0)、不施磷(P0)、不施钾(K0)和优化施肥(NPK)处理,研究不同处理对水稻产量、氮磷钾养分吸收及利用率的影响。结果表明,CK和N0处理之间水稻产量无显著差异,P0、K0和NPK处理之间产量无显著差异,但显著高于CK和N0;与CK相比,P0、K0和NPK处理水稻产量分别增加了25.1%、22.2%和24.7%,秸秆生物量分别增加了27.9%、31.4%和25.0%,籽粒中氮含量分别增加了35.8%、33.7%和37.4%,秸秆氮含量分别增加了102.4%、60.7%和79.3%;水稻氮磷钾肥料利用率分别为44.9%、8.9%和25.2%。本研究表明,在当前的试验条件下,氮是影响水稻产量的决定因子,而磷和钾的增产效果并不显著,今后可侧重保障氮肥供应,降低磷肥和钾肥用量。

关键词: 化肥减量, 肥料利用率, 优化施肥, 水稻产量, 养分吸收

Abstract:

The irrational application of chemical fertilizers is one of the major issues in China's agricultural environment. Exploring region-specific fertilizer reduction technologies, determining appropriate reduction ratios, and improving fertilizer use efficiency are of significant importance. In this study, the late rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 was used as experimental material. A field experiment was conducted with five treatments: no fertilization (CK), no nitrogen (N0), no phosphorus (P0), no potassium (K0), and optimized fertilization (NPK). The effects of different treatments on rice yield, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer utilization efficiency were investigated.The results showed that there was no significant difference in rice yield between CK and N0 treatments. Similarly, no significant differences were observed among P0, K0, and NPK treatments, but their yields were significantly higher than those of CK and N0. Compared with CK, the P0, K0, and NPK treatments increased rice yield by 25.1%, 22.2%, and 24.7%, respectively; straw biomass increased by 27.9%, 31.4%, and 25.0%, respectively; grain nitrogen content increased by 35.8%, 33.7%, and 37.4%, respectively; and straw nitrogen content increased by 102.4%, 60.7%, and 79.3%, respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer use efficiencies were 44.9%, 8.9%, and 25.2%, respectively. This study demonstrates that, under the current experimental conditions, nitrogen is the decisive factor affecting rice yield, whereas phosphorus and potassium exhibit no significant yield-increasing effects. Future fertilization strategies should prioritize ensuring nitrogen supply while reducing phosphorus and potassium application rates.

Key words: fertilizer reduction, fertilizer utilization rate, optimized fertilization, rice yield, nutrient uptake

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