浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (7): 1642-1648.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250389

• 禾谷类作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

2019—2024年安徽省审定小麦品种的抗病性评价和优异种质资源筛选

康苗苗(), 冯家春, 夏云祥, 葛勇, 杨永华, 张桂芳   

  1. 阜阳市农业科学院,安徽 阜阳 236065
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29 出版日期:2026-07-11 发布日期:2026-07-27
  • 作者简介:康苗苗,主要从事作物新品种选育和栽培技术研究。E-mail:yuffie1991@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省小麦良种联合攻关项目(皖农种函〔2021〕1146号)

Evaluation of disease resistance and screening of excellent germplasm resources of wheat varieties approved in Anhui Province from 2019 to 2024

KANG Miaomiao(), FENG Jiachun, XIA Yunxiang, GE Yong, YANG Yonghua, ZHANG Guifang   

  1. Fuyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuyang 236065,Anhui
  • Received:2025-05-29 Online:2026-07-11 Published:2026-07-27

摘要:

为了解近年安徽省审定小麦品种的抗性水平,并筛选优异种质资源,本文利用2019—2024年安徽省审定的220个小麦品种的相关数据,对其抗病性鉴定结果和品质性状进行综合分析。结果显示,2019—2024年,安徽省审定品种对赤霉病和白粉病的抗性大部分表现为中感,对纹枯病的抗性大部分表现为感病,对3种病害的抗性水平由强到弱依次为白粉病、赤霉病、纹枯病,抗性品种占比分别为27.3%、22.3%和0。当前安徽省小麦品种的综合抗病性总体表现一般,无兼抗3种病害的品种,有3个兼抗赤霉病和白粉病的半冬性品种。对抗病半冬性小麦品种的农艺和品质性状进行综合分析发现,与抗白粉病半冬性品种相比,抗赤霉病品种的平均生育期更长、株高偏高、群体更多、千粒重和产量更高,而穗粒数偏低,且其容重、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、吸水量较高,稳定时间更长。与抗单一病害的半冬性小麦品种相比,兼抗赤霉病和白粉病品种的生育期更长、穗粒数更多,但群体更少、千粒重和产量偏低,且其容重和吸水量较低,稳定时间更长。综合抗性评价结果,共筛选出3个综合抗性好、农艺性状优良且丰产性较好的半冬性小麦品种(皖垦麦9号、诚麦1599和安农178),可作为优异种质资源加以利用。

关键词: 小麦, 审定品种, 抗病性, 赤霉病, 白粉病, 纹枯病, 种质资源

Abstract:

To evaluate the resistance levels of wheat varieties recently approved in Anhui Province and to screen excellent germplasm resources,a comprehensive analysis was conducted on disease resistance and quality traits using data from 220 wheat varieties approved in Anhui Province between 2019 and 2024. The results showed that most approved varieties between 2019 and 2024 in Anhui Province exhibited middle susceptibility to Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew,while showing susceptibility to sheath blight. Resistance rankings against the three diseases were powdery mildewFusarium head blight sheath blight,the proportions of resistant varieties were 27.3%,22.3%,and 0,respectively. Overall disease resistance performance was moderate,with no varieties resistant to all three diseases. Only 3 semi-winter wheat varieties was resistance to Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew. The agronomic and quality characteristics of resistant semi-winter wheat varieties were further analyzed. Compared with powdery mildew-resistant semi-winter varieties,varieties with resistance to Fusarium head blight,had longer growth periods,slightly taller plant height,larger population density,higher 1 000-grain weight,and increased yield, and lower grain number per spike. Besides, bulk density,crude protein content,wet gluten content,water absorption,and stability time were higher in varieties with resistance to Fusarium head blight. Compared with semi-winter wheat varieties resistant to a single disease,those resistant to both Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew had a longer growth period,higher grain number per spike,smaller population density, and lower 1 000-grain weight,yield,bulk density, water absorption,but longer stability time. Three semi-winter varieties(Wankenmai 9,Chengmai 1599,Annong 178)with superior comprehensive resistance,excellent agronomic traits,and high yield potential were identified as excellent germplasm resources for utilization.

Key words: wheat, approved variety, disease resistance, Fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, sheath blight, germplasm resources

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