重茬种植对浅生淮山药生长和养分吸收的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230804

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

浅生定向槽种植是近年来兴起的淮山药栽培新模式,具有防塌沟、利采收、促高产等优点。针对该栽培模式开展抗重茬技术的研发,对缓解淮山药种植土地不足、进一步提质增产具有重要意义。本研究采用浅生定向槽栽培模式,连续2 a开展大田试验,探究重茬对浅生定向槽种植淮山药生长和养分吸收的影响。实验表明,浅生淮山药连作障碍仍然明显,重茬导致植株干物质量积累、块茎产量和营养品质降低。重茬引起种植土壤中氮磷钾富集,中微量元素供应不足。重茬引起浅生淮山药植株中各养分元素含量、积累量均不同程度降低。本研究为促进肥料高效科学利用,推进浅生定向槽种植淮山药提供依据。

关键词: 淮山药, 重茬, 浅生定向槽种植, 生长, 养分吸收

Abstract:

Shallow directional planting is a new mode of cultivation of Dioscorea opposita that has emerged in recent years, which has the advantages of preventing collapse ditch, facilitating harvesting, and promoting high yield. It is of great significance to carry out the research and development of anti-continuous cropping technology for this cultivation mode to alleviate the shortage of land for planting Dioscorea opposita and further improve the quality and increase the yield. In this study, the field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years using the shallow directional planting mode to explore the effect of continuous cropping on the growth and nutrient uptake of Dioscorea opposita. The results showed that the continuous cropping obstacles of shallow directional planting Dioscorea opposita were still obvious, and continuous cropping led to the decrease of dry matter accumulation, tuber yield and nutritional quality. Continuous cropping led to the enrichment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the planting soil, and the supply of medium and trace elements was insufficient. Continuous cropping caused the content and accumulation of various nutrient elements in Dioscorea opposita. This study provided a basis for promoting the efficient and scientific utilization of fertilizers and promoted the planting of Dioscorea opposita in shallow directional troughs.

Key words: Dioscorea opposita, continuous cropping, shallow directional planting, growth, nutrient absorption

中图分类号:

S632.1

金林, 郭文琦, 张培通, 殷剑美, 刘德才, 王立, 蒋璐, 韩晓勇. 重茬种植对浅生淮山药生长和养分吸收的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(12): 2882-2887.

JIN Lin, GUO Wenqi, ZHANG Peitong, YIN Jianmei, LIU Decai, WANG Li, JIANG Lu, HAN Xiaoyong. Effects of continuous cropping on the growth and nutrient absorption of Dioscorea opposita under directional cultivation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(12): 2882-2887.

图/表 6

参考文献 29

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年份	部位	处理	N含量/ (g·kg^-1)	P含量/ (g·kg^-1)	K含量/ (g·kg^-1)	Mg含量/ (g·kg^-1)	Ca含量/ (g·kg^-1)	Fe含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	Cu含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	Zn含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	Mn含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
2021	地上部分	TC	22.48 a	2.21 a	20.64 a	4.87 a	21.03 a	259.88 a	42.56 a	11.98 a	360.39 b
		CC	20.12 a	1.92 a	23.42 a	4.28 b	18.37 b	209.79 b	42.38 a	10.30 b	431.20 a
	块茎	TC	19.30 a	2.44 a	20.65 a	0.85 a	0.77 a	47.04 a	6.90 a	13.32 a	14.12 a
		CC	18.96 a	2.09 b	20.53 a	0.79 a	0.59 b	40.19 b	4.61 b	12.94 a	10.17 b
	植株	TC	20.13 a	2.38 a	20.65 a	1.90 a	6.07 a	102.73 a	16.23 a	12.97 a	104.73 a
		CC	19.19 a	2.06 b	21.09 a	1.48 b	4.08 b	73.50 b	12.03 b	12.42 a	92.86 b
2022	地上部分	TC	21.76 a	1.86 a	15.51a	5.25 a	17.70 a	82.57 a	29.62 a	10.64 a	94.01 b
		CC	21.25 a	1.63 a	11.23 b	4.86 b	15.86 b	80.11 a	30.68 a	8.32 b	122.00 a
	块茎	TC	14.52 a	1.55 a	10.97 a	0.76 a	0.46 a	28.82 a	2.08 a	8.94 a	4.49 a
		CC	15.32 a	1.22 b	10.31 a	0.70 a	0.39 b	25.88 b	2.01 a	7.63 b	3.95 b
	植株	TC	16.22 a	1.62 a	12.04 a	1.82 a	4.51 a	41.45 a	8.56 a	9.34 a	25.53 b
		CC	16.67 a	1.32 b	10.52 b	1.65 b	3.92 b	38.25 b	8.55 a	7.78 b	30.89 a

年份	部位	处理	N含量/ (g·kg^-1)	P含量/ (g·kg^-1)	K含量/ (g·kg^-1)	Mg含量/ (g·kg^-1)	Ca含量/ (g·kg^-1)	Fe含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	Cu含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	Zn含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	Mn含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
2021	地上部分	TC	22.48 a	2.21 a	20.64 a	4.87 a	21.03 a	259.88 a	42.56 a	11.98 a	360.39 b
		CC	20.12 a	1.92 a	23.42 a	4.28 b	18.37 b	209.79 b	42.38 a	10.30 b	431.20 a
	块茎	TC	19.30 a	2.44 a	20.65 a	0.85 a	0.77 a	47.04 a	6.90 a	13.32 a	14.12 a
		CC	18.96 a	2.09 b	20.53 a	0.79 a	0.59 b	40.19 b	4.61 b	12.94 a	10.17 b
	植株	TC	20.13 a	2.38 a	20.65 a	1.90 a	6.07 a	102.73 a	16.23 a	12.97 a	104.73 a
		CC	19.19 a	2.06 b	21.09 a	1.48 b	4.08 b	73.50 b	12.03 b	12.42 a	92.86 b
2022	地上部分	TC	21.76 a	1.86 a	15.51a	5.25 a	17.70 a	82.57 a	29.62 a	10.64 a	94.01 b
		CC	21.25 a	1.63 a	11.23 b	4.86 b	15.86 b	80.11 a	30.68 a	8.32 b	122.00 a
	块茎	TC	14.52 a	1.55 a	10.97 a	0.76 a	0.46 a	28.82 a	2.08 a	8.94 a	4.49 a
		CC	15.32 a	1.22 b	10.31 a	0.70 a	0.39 b	25.88 b	2.01 a	7.63 b	3.95 b
	植株	TC	16.22 a	1.62 a	12.04 a	1.82 a	4.51 a	41.45 a	8.56 a	9.34 a	25.53 b
		CC	16.67 a	1.32 b	10.52 b	1.65 b	3.92 b	38.25 b	8.55 a	7.78 b	30.89 a

年份	处理	pH值	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	镁含量/ (g·kg^-1)	钙含量/ (g·kg^-1)	铁含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	锰含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	锌含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	铜含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
2021	TC	6.25 a	16.18 a	86.24 b	77.24 b	597.18 b	0.50 a	0.85 a	294.28 a	111.94 a	6.01 a	3.29 a
	CC	6.05 b	16.55 a	97.83 a	86.25 a	676.35 a	0.48 a	0.85 a	234.89 b	100.77 b	4.56 b	3.65 a
2022	TC	6.64 a	14.82 a	82.46 a	106.96 b	591.61 a	0.52 a	1.04 a	298.45 a	104.45 a	7.05 a	4.17 a
	CC	6.29 b	16.55 a	87.12 a	141.42 a	619.30 a	0.50 a	0.84 b	265.40 b	91.40 b	6.74 a	3.69 a

年份	处理	pH值	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	镁含量/ (g·kg^-1)	钙含量/ (g·kg^-1)	铁含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	锰含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	锌含量/ (mg·kg^-1)	铜含量/ (mg·kg^-1)
2021	TC	6.25 a	16.18 a	86.24 b	77.24 b	597.18 b	0.50 a	0.85 a	294.28 a	111.94 a	6.01 a	3.29 a
	CC	6.05 b	16.55 a	97.83 a	86.25 a	676.35 a	0.48 a	0.85 a	234.89 b	100.77 b	4.56 b	3.65 a
2022	TC	6.64 a	14.82 a	82.46 a	106.96 b	591.61 a	0.52 a	1.04 a	298.45 a	104.45 a	7.05 a	4.17 a
	CC	6.29 b	16.55 a	87.12 a	141.42 a	619.30 a	0.50 a	0.84 b	265.40 b	91.40 b	6.74 a	3.69 a