硅肥不同施用量对苹果生长发育及果实品质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230666

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同硅肥使用量对苹果生长发育及果实品质的影响,以九年生俄矮2号为研究对象,设置T1(融地美15 mL·株^-1)、T2(融地美11.25 mL·株^-1)、T3(融地美7.5 mL·株^-1)和CK(不施肥)4个处理,于苹果萌芽前根施后,测定花牛苹果生长发育及果实品质等指标,探讨融地美不同施用量对花牛苹果生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明,施用融地美后,T3差异最显著(P﹤0.05),其新梢长、新梢粗、百叶重、百叶厚较CK分别提高了17.41%、13.51%、17.52%、11.68%,果实单果重、硬度分别提高了12.96%、15.20%,可溶性固形物含量增加1.370百分点,可滴定酸含量降低0.048百分点,叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率分别提高了10.84%、8.08%、5.25%、22.66%。综上,株施7.5 mL融地美硅肥能有效促进花牛苹果生长发育和提高果实品质,可在生产中推荐使用。

关键词: 苹果, 硅肥, 生长发育, 果实品质, 光合特性

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different silicon fertilizers on the growth and fruit quality of apple, the nine-year-old Eai 2 was selected as the research object, and four treatments were set up, T1 (Rongdimei 15 mL per plant), T2 (Rongdimei 11.25 mL per plant), T3 (Rongdimei 7.5 mL per plant) and CK (no fertilization). The effects of different dosage of Rongdimei on the growth and fruit quality of apple were studied by measuring the growth and fruit quality of apple. The results showed that after the application of Rongdimei, the difference of T3 was the most significant (P<0.05). Compared with CK, the new shoot length, new shoot thickness, hundred-leaf weight and hundred-leaf thickness were increased by 17.41%, 13.51%, 17.52% and 11.68%, respectively. Fruit weight, hardness, increased by 12.96%, 15.20%, soluble solid content increased by 1.370 percentage points and titrable acid decreased by 0.048 percentage points;Leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration and transpiration rate were increased by 10.84%, 8.08%, 5.25% and 22.66%, respectively. In conclusion, 7.5 mL per plant Rongdimei silicon fertilizer can effectively promote the growth and development of apple and improve fruit quality, and can be recommended for use in production.

Key words: apple, siliconi fertilizer, growth and development, fruit quality, photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S661.1

魏佳峰, 马新院, 张瑞萍. 硅肥不同施用量对苹果生长发育及果实品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(8): 1814-1820.

WEI Jiafeng, MA Xinyuan, ZHANG Ruiping. Effects of different application amount of silicon fertilizer on growth and fruit quality of apple[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(8): 1814-1820.

图/表 13

表1 试验处理

Table 1 Experimental treatment

肥料	施肥树木数/棵	施用量
CK	9	不施硅肥+12.5 L水
T1	9	15 mL硅肥+12.5 L水
T2	9	11.25 mL硅肥+12.5 L水
T3	9	7.5 mL硅肥+12.5 L水

图1 不同硅肥处理苹果果实单果重的变化柱上无相同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。图2~12同。

Fig.1 Changes in single fruit weight of apple treated with different silicon fertilizers

图2 不同硅肥处理苹果果实硬度的变化

Fig.2 Changes in fruit hardness of apple treated with different silicon fertilizers

图3 不同硅肥处理苹果果实可滴定酸含量的变化

Fig.3 Changes in titratable acid content of apple treated with different silicon fertilizers

图4 不同硅肥处理苹果果实可溶性固形物含量的变化

Fig.4 Changes in soluble solid content of apple treated with different silicon fertilizers

图5 不同硅肥处理苹果果树新梢长的变化

Fig.5 Changes in young shoot length of apple trees treated with different silicon fertilizers

图6 不同硅肥处理苹果果树新梢粗的变化

Fig.6 Changes in young shoot thickness of apple trees treated with different silicon fertilizers

图7 不同硅肥处理苹果果树百叶重的变化

Fig.7 Changes in hundred-leaf weight of apple trees treated with different silicon fertilizers

图8 不同硅肥处理苹果果树百叶厚的变化

Fig.8 Changes in hundred-leaf thickness of apple trees treated with different silicon fertilizers

图9 不同硅肥处理苹果叶片净光合速率的变化

Fig.9 Changes in net photosynthetic rate of apple leaves treated with different silicon fertilizers

图10 不同硅肥处理苹果叶片气孔导度的变化

Fig.10 Changes in stomatal conductivity of apple leaves treated with different silicon fertilizers

图11 不同硅肥处理苹果叶片胞间CO2浓度的变化

Fig.11 Changes in intercellular CO2 concentration of apple leaves treated with different silicon fertilizers

图12 不同硅肥处理苹果叶片蒸腾速率的变化

Fig.12 Changes in transpiration rate of apple leaves treated with different silicon fertilizers

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