施用有机物料腐熟剂对秸秆还田小麦产量和土壤化学性状的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230979

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究设置秸秆未还田(CK)、秸秆还田(T1)和秸秆还田配施有机物料腐熟剂(T2)3个处理,通过田间小区试验,探讨了秸秆还田条件下施用有机物料腐熟剂对小麦产量、土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾养分含量、土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响。结果显示:各处理间小麦穗数、穗粒数差异不显著,但施用有机物料腐熟剂显著提高了小麦千粒重;与CK相比,T2处理显著提高了土壤细菌数量,降低了真菌数量;秸秆还田条件下,施用有机物料腐熟剂的土壤中性磷酸转化酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高;施用有机物料腐熟剂后,土壤速效磷、速效钾、全氮、有机质和有机碳含量显著增加。以上表明,秸秆还田条件下,施用有机物料腐熟剂加快了秸秆在土壤中的腐解速率,提高土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性,促进土壤中矿质养分的解离,增加土壤有效态矿质养分含量,改善了小麦根际土壤环境,促进小麦生长。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 小麦, 有机物料腐熟剂, 土壤养分, 酶活性, 土壤微生物

Abstract:

In this study, three treatments were set up: straw not returning (CK), straw returning (T1) and straw returning with organic substance composting inoculants (T2), and the effects of organic substance composting inoculants on wheat yield, soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content, soil enzyme activity and microbial number under the condition of straw returning were investigated through field experiments. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of panicle and grains per panicle between treatments, but the application of organic substance composting inoculants significantly increased the 1 000-grain weight of wheat. Compared with CK, T2 treatment significantly increased the number of soil bacteria and decreased the number of fungi. Under the condition of straw returning to the field, the activities of neutral phosphoconvertase, sucrase and catalase in the soil were significantly increased under the application of organic substance composting inoculants. The contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, organic matter and organic carbon increased significantly after the application of organic substance composting inoculants. The above results showed that under the condition of straw returning to the field, organic substance composting inoculants accelerated the decomposition rate of straw in the soil, increased the number of soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities, promoted the dissociation of mineral nutrients in the soil, increased the content of available mineral nutrients in the soil, improved the rhizosphere soil environment of wheat, and promoted the growth of wheat.

Key words: straw returning, organic substance composting inoculants, soil nutrients, enzyme activity, soil microorganism

中图分类号:

S512.1

郭新送, 刘同信, 洪丕征, 高涵, 靖吉越, 丁方军. 施用有机物料腐熟剂对秸秆还田小麦产量和土壤化学性状的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(1): 44-50.

GUO Xinsong, LIU Tongxin, HONG Pizheng, GAO Han, JING Jiyue, DING Fangjun. Effects of organic substance composting inoculants under straw returning on wheat yield and soil chemical characteristics[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(1): 44-50.

图/表 6

表1 施肥处理

Table 1 Fertilization treatments

处理	试验处理
CK	秸秆不还田+667 m²复合肥40 kg
T1	秸秆自然还田+667 m²复合肥40 kg
T2	秸秆还田+667 m²腐熟剂5 kg+667 m²复合肥40 kg

表2 不同处理对小麦产量的影响

Table 2 Effects of different treatments on wheat yield

处理	667 m²穗数/万	穗粒数	千粒重/g	667 m²理论产量/kg
CK	32.86±1.17 a	23.32±0.57 a	40.11±0.23 b	307.74±16.96 a
T1	34.59±2.91 a	24.42±0.58 a	42.61±1.24 ab	360.16±35.82 a
T2	32.54±2.88 a	24.08±1.14 a	44.32±0.61 a	345.44±22.70 a

图1 不同处理对土壤养分含量的影响柱上无相同小写字母表示处理间差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。图2~4同。

Fig.1 Effects of different treatments on soil nutrient content

图2 不同处理对土壤全氮、有机碳和有机质含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on soil total nitrogen, organic carbon and organic matter content

图3 不同处理对土壤酶活性的影响

Fig.3 Effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activity

图4 不同处理对土壤微生物数量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of different treatments on soil microbial population

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