内生真菌发酵液对小麦赤霉病的防治研究

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230397

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确内生真菌发酵液对小麦赤霉病的防治作用以及对小麦安全性的影响,研究开展一系列试验验证其效果。室内平板对峙结果表明,CK-25对峙效果最好,抑制率最高,防治效果为89.60%,其次为CK-20、CK-15,最差为CK-10。孢子萌发结果表明,CK-10的孢子萌发率最强,萌发率为88.73%,其次为CK-15、CK-20,CK-25最差。温室盆栽试验表明,内生真菌发酵液显著提高了小麦对赤霉病的防治效果。其中,CK-25发病率最轻,病穗防治效果68.75%,病情指数3.00,病情指数防治效果最好,为78.57%。大田试验表明,CK-25病穗率最轻,为22.00%,病穗率防治效果为71.79%,病情指数为2.30,病情指数防治效果75.79%,且对小麦生长无影响。综上所述,内生真菌发酵液可以防治小麦赤霉病,且不同的浓度内生真菌发酵液对小麦赤霉病的抑制效果不同,内生真菌发酵液可作为小麦赤霉病的一个抗性手段。

关键词: 内生真菌发酵液, 小麦, 赤霉病, 防治效果

Abstract:

In order to clarify the preventive effects of endophytic fungal fermentation broth on wheat scab and its impact on wheat safety, a series of experiments was conducted to verify its effectiveness. The indoor plate confrontation results showed that CK-25 had the best confrontation effect, the highest inhibition rate, and a prevention effect of 89.60%, followed by CK-20 and CK-15, and the worst was CK-10. The spore germination results showed that CK-10 had the strongest spore germination rate, with a germination rate of 88.73%, followed by CK-15 and CK-20, and CK-25 had the worst germination rate. The greenhouse pot experiment results showed that the fermentation broth of endophytic fungi significantly improved the prevention effect on wheat scab. Among them, the incidence rate of CK-25 was the lightest, with 68.75% of Prevention and control effect of diseased panicle rate and 3.00 of disease index. The control effect of disease index was the best, 78.57%. The results of field experiments showed that CK-25 had the lightest diseased panicle rate of 22.00%, Prevention and control effect of diseased panicle rate of 71.79%, a disease index of 2.30, and a disease index control effect of 75.79%, and had no effect on wheat growth. In summary, endophytic fungal fermentation broth can prevent and control wheat scab, and different concentrations of endophytic fungal fermentation broth have different prevention effects on wheat scab. Endophytic fungal fermentation broth can be used as a means of resistance to wheat scab.

Key words: endophytic fungi fermentation, wheat, wheat scab, prevention effect

中图分类号:

S435.121

巨亚雯, 徐蓬, 付佑胜, 曹凯歌. 内生真菌发酵液对小麦赤霉病的防治研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(6): 1429-1433.

JU Yawen, XU Peng, FU Yousheng, CAO Kaige. Research on the prevention and control of wheat scab by endophytic fungal fermentation broth[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(6): 1429-1433.

图/表 5

参考文献 25

[1]	夏雨晨, 朱永兴, 马东方, 等. 小麦赤霉病菌拮抗菌的分离及鉴定[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2019, 41(1): 33-42.
[2]	陆怡然, 顾士光, 朱建文, 等. 10%叶菌唑悬浮剂对小麦赤霉病田间防效试验初报[J]. 上海农业科技, 2022(3): 116-117, 134.
[3]	周红姿, 周方园, 赵晓燕, 等. 小麦赤霉病生防菌的筛选及其田间防效研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(1): 67-77.
[4]	SHAH L, ALI A, YAHYA M, et al. Integrated control of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in wheat[J]. Plant Pathology, 2018, 67(3): 532-548.
[5]	戴大凯, 贾晓静, 武东霞, 等. 小麦赤霉病菌多菌灵抗性群体的扩散路径分析: 基于致病菌种类及所产毒素化学型鉴定和抗药性检出的时序性[J]. 农药学学报, 2013, 15(3): 279-285.
[6]	段亚冰, 效雪梅, 杨莹, 等. 一种基于LAMP技术快速检测小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵抗药性方法的建立及应用[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2016, 39(1): 97-105.
[7]	刘珂欣, 辛寒晓, 范学明, 等. 多粘类芽孢杆菌的固态发酵工艺及其对水稻恶苗病的防治作用[J]. 山东农业科学, 2018, 50(10): 105-111.
[8]	何斐, 张忠良, 崔鸣, 等. 生防放线菌剂对魔芋根域微生物区系的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2015, 21(2): 221-227.
[9]	南志标, 李春杰. 禾草-内生真菌共生体在草地农业系统中的作用[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(3): 605-616.
[10]	LEUCHTMANN A, BACON C W, SCHARDL C L, et al. Nomenclatural realignment of Neotyphodium species with genus Epichloë[J]. Mycologia, 2014, 106(2): 202-215.
[11]	MILES C O, LANE G A, DI MENNA M E, et al. High levels of ergonovine and lysergic acid amide in toxic Achnatherum inebrians accompany infection by an Acremonium-like endophytic fungus[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1996, 44(5): 1285-1290.
[12]	SCHARDL C L, PANACCIONE D G, TUDZYNSKI P. Ergot alkaloids: biology and molecular biology[J]. The Alkaloids Chemistry and Biology, 2006, 63: 45-86.
[13]	ZHANG X X, LI C J, NAN Z B, et al. Neotyphodium endophyte increases Achnatherum inebrians (drunken horse grass) resistance to herbivores and seed predators[J]. Weed Research, 2012, 52(1): 70-78.
[14]	YOUNG C A, SCHARDL C L, PANACCIONE D G, et al. Genetics, genomics and evolution of ergot alkaloid diversity[J]. Toxins, 2015, 7(4): 1273-1302.
[15]	刘静, 万志文, 陈振江, 等. 光照强度和光周期对醉马草内生真菌共生体幼苗生长和生物碱积累的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2017, 37(11): 2238-2246.
[16]	TIAN P, NAN Z B, LI C J, et al. Effect of the endophyte Neotyphodium lolii on susceptibility and host physiological response of perennial ryegrass to fungal pathogens[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2008, 122(4): 593-602.
[17]	马敏芝, 南志标. 黑麦草内生真菌对植物病原真菌生长的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2011, 28(6): 962-968.
[18]	KOU M Z, BASTÍAS D A, CHRISTENSEN M J, et al. The plant salicylic acid signalling pathway regulates the infection of a biotrophic pathogen in grasses associated with an Epichloë endophyte[J]. Journal of Fungi, 2021, 7(8): 633.
[19]	刘静. 禾草内生真菌抑菌抗虫活性和发酵条件的研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2019.
[20]	管章玲, 辛海峰, 李建宏, 等. 小麦赤霉病的微生物防治研究进展[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2012, 40(2): 94-96.
[21]	文才艺, 吴元华, 田秀玲. 植物内生菌研究进展及其存在的问题[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(2): 86-91.
[22]	陈小洁, 王其, 张欣悦, 等. 杜仲内生细菌拮抗小麦赤霉病菌研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2019, 31(5): 766-776.
[23]	马东方, 卢涛, 詹闯, 等. 小麦赤霉病菌拮抗菌XG-6的分离鉴定及其应用[J]. 长江大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 18(4): 105-113.
[24]	李秀璋, 姚祥, 李春杰, 等. 禾草内生真菌作为生防因子的潜力分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(6): 621-634.
[25]	高嘉卉. Neotyphodium gansuense离体麦角碱的检测和N.lolii麦角碱基因的测序[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2006.

处理	不同时间抑制率/%
处理	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d
CK	0	0	0	0	0
CK-10	39.44	42.19	47.76	50.75	51.50
CK-15	49.78	65.30	69.24	72.43	77.61
CK-20	60.79	69.47	74.51	77.38	82.39
CK-25	67.08	78.96	83.73	86.82	89.60

处理	不同时间抑制率/%
处理	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d
CK	0	0	0	0	0
CK-10	39.44	42.19	47.76	50.75	51.50
CK-15	49.78	65.30	69.24	72.43	77.61
CK-20	60.79	69.47	74.51	77.38	82.39
CK-25	67.08	78.96	83.73	86.82	89.60

处理	孢子萌发率/%	抑制率/%
CK	100.00	0
CK-10	88.73	11.27 c
CK-15	71.13	28.87 c
CK-20	54.93	46.07 b
CK-25	19.01	80.99 a

处理	孢子萌发率/%	抑制率/%
CK	100.00	0
CK-10	88.73	11.27 c
CK-15	71.13	28.87 c
CK-20	54.93	46.07 b
CK-25	19.01	80.99 a

处理	病穗率/ %	病穗防治效果/%	病情指数	病情指数防治效果/%
CK	32.00	0	14.00	0
CK-10	26.00	18.75 d	11.50	17.85 d
CK-15	22.00	31.25 c	9.00	35.71 c
CK-20	16.00	50.00 b	6.00	57.14 b
CK-25	10.00	68.75 a	3.00	78.57 a