浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (7): 1570-1577.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240748

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

水分亏缺条件下生物质炭施用对水稻生长和镉含量的影响

施浩杰1(), 李帅1, 马嘉伟2, 叶正钱1, 傅丽青3, 王旭东1,*()   

  1. 1.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院 浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室,浙江 杭州 311300
    2.浙江农林大学 茶学与茶文化学院,浙江 杭州 311300
    3.金华市农业技术推广与种子管理中心,浙江 金华 321000
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-19 出版日期:2025-07-11 发布日期:2025-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 王旭东(1976—),女,山东邹平人,副教授,从事土壤肥力与植物营养研究工作,E-mail:wangxd@zafu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:施浩杰(1999—),男,江苏无锡人,硕士研究生,从事耕地质量培育与提升研究工作,E-mail:326115852@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划项目“非粮化耕地障碍因子消减及快速复耕技术-非粮化耕地复耕培肥提质关键技术研及推广示范”(2022C02022)

Effects of biochar application on rice growth and cadmium content under water deficiency conditions

SHI Haojie1(), LI Shuai1, MA Jiawei2, YE Zhengqian1, FU Liqing3, WANG Xudong1,*()   

  1. 1. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Pollution, College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang
    2. College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang
    3. Jinhua Agricultural Technology Extension and Seed Management Center, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang
  • Received:2024-09-19 Online:2025-07-11 Published:2025-07-28

摘要:

在全球气候变暖背景下,干旱灾害对我国水稻种植造成了严重影响,水稻生长关键时期缺水会导致水稻籽粒镉(Cd)吸收增加。本研究通过在某Cd污染农田开展田间试验,设置对照(水分亏缺+不施用生物质炭)、水分亏缺+生物质炭低用量(3 000 kg·hm-2)、水分亏缺+生物质炭中用量(6 000 kg·hm-2)、水分亏缺+生物质炭高用量(9 000 kg·hm-2)共4个处理,探究水分亏缺条件下生物质炭施用对水稻生长、各部位Cd含量、籽粒铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)含量和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同用量生物质炭施用后土壤pH值提高0.28~0.46;土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量分别增加6.82%~25.76%、10.33%~40.79%、10.36%~21.80%、24.92%~36.02%。生物质炭中用量处理土壤的有效态Cd含量较对照显著下降44.12%(P<0.05),水稻株高、千粒重、穗长和产量较对照处理分别增加2.44%~3.83%、3.17%~5.50%、3.19%~4.11%、3.03%~5.19%。生物质炭中、高用量处理组的水稻籽粒Cd含量较对照分别显著下降52.38%、42.86%(P<0.05),生物质炭中处理组的水稻籽粒As含量较对照显著降低18.92%(P<0.05)。综上,施用6 000 kg·hm-2的生物质炭可作为水分亏缺条件时促进水稻生长、提高土壤肥力,降低水稻籽粒Cd含量的技术措施,从而实现水稻安全生产。

关键词: 水稻, 生物质炭, 水分亏缺条件, Cd污染

Abstract:

In the context of global climate warming, drought disasters have a severe impact on rice cultivation in China, and water deficiency during critical growth periods can lead to increased cadmium (Cd) absorption in rice grains. This study conducted field experiments in a Cd-contaminated agricultural area, setting up four treatments: control (water deficiency + no biochar application), water deficiency + low biochar application (3 000 kg·hm-2), water deficiency + medium biochar application (6 000 kg·hm-2), and water deficiency + high biochar application (9 000 kg·hm-2). The aim was to investigate the effects of biochar application under water deficiency conditions on rice growth, Cd content in different parts of the plant, and the concentrations of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) in the grains, as well as the physicochemical properties of the soil. The results showed that compared with control, the application of different amounts of biochar increased soil pH value by 0.28 to 0.46; total nitrogen, available phosphorus, readily available potassium, and organic matter contents in the soil increased by 6.82%-25.76%, 10.33%-40.79%, 10.36%-21.80%, and 24.92%-36.02%, respectively. The effective Cd content in the medium biochar application treatment significantly decreased by 44.12% compared with the control (P<0.05). Compared with the control treatment, the height, thousand-grain weight, panicle length, and yield of rice increased by 2.44%-3.83%, 3.17%-5.50%, 3.19%-4.11%, and 3.03%-5.19%, respectively. The Cd content in the rice grains from the medium and high biochar application treatments decreased significantly by 52.38% and 42.86% (P<0.05) when compared to the control, while the As content in the grains from the medium biochar application treatment was reduced by 18.92% (P<0.05). In summary, applying biochar at a rate of 6 000 kg·hm-2 can serve as an effective measure to promote rice growth, improve soil fertility, and reduce Cd content in rice grains under water deficiency conditions, thereby ensuring the safe production of rice.

Key words: rice, biochar, water deficiency condition, cadmium pollution

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