浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (10): 2359-2362.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240359

• 药用植物 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于辐射诱变技术的白首乌新种质创制

吴承东(), 朱丽, 陈镭, 张明, 沈明晨, 闫凯旋   

  1. 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 新洋试验站,江苏 盐城 224049
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-07 出版日期:2025-10-11 发布日期:2025-10-21
  • 作者简介:吴承东(1970—),男,江苏盐城人,副研究员,本科,主要从事特粮特经作物栽培研究工作,E-mail:1484904139@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省亚夫科技服务项目(KF〔22〕2015)

New germplasm creation of Cynanchum bungei Decne. based on radiation mutagenesis technology

WU Chengdong(), ZHU Li, CHEN Lei, ZHANG Ming, SHEN Mingchen, YAN Kaixuan   

  1. Xinyang Experimental Station, Institute of Agricultural Science of Jiangsu Coastal Region, Yancheng 224049, Jiangsu
  • Received:2024-05-07 Online:2025-10-11 Published:2025-10-21

摘要: 本研究旨在通过辐射诱变技术,获得白首乌突变体,丰富白首乌种质资源。以白首乌品种滨乌1号为试验材料,用60Co-γ射线对其种子进行辐照处理,辐照剂量分别为800、600、400、200、0(CK)Gy,通过测定植株表型和块根活性成分含量筛选出最佳辐照剂量,随后用该剂量对白首乌进行辐照诱变,并对辐照后代进行调查分析。结果发现,辐照剂量为400 Gy时,种子发芽率、出苗率较对照有所降低,但无较大差异,植株株高也无较大变化,而单株块根鲜重表现最佳,且块根中黄酮、多酚和甾苷等活性成分含量最高,因此,最佳辐照剂量为400 Gy。使用400 Gy辐照剂量对滨乌1号进行辐射诱变,通过连续多年选择,得到盐乌1603、盐乌1604,2个新品系的植株株高、单株分枝数下降,而茎叶花色、病虫害发生情况与滨乌1号无差异,大根率增加,单株块根鲜重有所提高,多点试验和大面积示范试验的667 m2产量均较滨乌1号提高。因此,利用辐射诱变技术可丰富白首乌种质资源。

关键词: 辐射诱变, 白首乌, 筛选, 新种质

Abstract:

This study aims to enrich the germplasm resources of Cynanchum bungei Decne. by inducing mutations through radiation mutagenesis. Using seeds of the Cynanchum bungei Decne. cv. Binwu 1 as experimental material, radiation treatments were applied with 60Co-γ at doses of 800, 600, 400, 200, and 0 Gy (CK). The optimal irradiation dose was screened by assessing plant phenotypic traits and the content of bioactive compounds in root tuber. Subsequent mutagenesis was conducted at this dose, followed by investigation and analysis of irradiated progenies. Results showed that at 400 Gy, seed germination and seedling emergence rates slightly decreased compared with the control but remained statistically comparable, with no significant change in plant height. However, this dose yielded the highest fresh weight of root tuber per plant and maximized the content of bioactive compounds,including flavonoids, polyphenols, and C21-steroidal glycosides. Thus, 400 Gy was identified as the optimal radiation dose. Using 400 Gy on Binwu 1, two new lines, Yanwu 1603 and Yanwu 1604, were developed through continuous multi-year selection. Compared with Binwu 1, these lines exhibited reduced plant height and fewer branches per plant, while stem and leaf color, flower color, and pest and disease incidence remained unchanged. They also demonstrated increased large root rate, enhanced fresh weight of root tuber per plant, and higher yield per 667 m2 in multi-location trials and large-scale demonstration tests. Therefore, radiation mutagenesis technology effectively enriches Cynanchum bungei Decne. germplasm resources.

Key words: radiation mutagenesis, Cynanchum bungei Decne., screening, new germplasm resources

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