植物源生物质炭在去除和检测农药残留方面的研究进展

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240807

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农药的滥用和过度使用给农业土壤、水体造成了严重的污染,影响了作物产量,并对人类和动物的健康构成威胁。这种情况引起了全球对农药环境污染问题的关注,因此,如何从环境中去除农药残留和快速准确检测农药及其代谢物成为科学家关注和研究的热点。植物源生物质炭来源广泛、可再生且价格低廉,具有比表面积大、孔容量高、表面官能团可调节等优点,同时兼具良好的环境相容性,是一种廉价高效的吸附剂。本文综述了近10年来植物源生物质炭在农药残留检测中的应用。通过分析不同植物源生物质炭的理化特性,探讨其吸附和去除环境中农药残留的能力。分析发现,H₃PO₄改性生物质炭在吸附农田中农药残留的同时,还可作为肥料的缓释载体。此外,植物源生物质炭作为吸附剂,可被用于分散固相萃取、固相微萃取及磁性固相萃取中,选择性吸附蔬菜中的49种痕量农药、中药材中的新烟碱类农药和果汁中的有机氯农药。本文还评估了植物源生物质炭作为固相萃取材料在样品前处理中的效果,并对未来的研究方向作出展望。

关键词: 植物源生物质炭, 农药残留, 环境监测, 固相萃取, 样品前处理

Abstract:

The misuse and overuse of pesticides have seriously contaminated agricultural soils and water bodies, affecting crop yields and posing a threat to human and animal health. This situation has aroused global concern about the environmental pollution of pesticides. Therefore, how to remove pesticide residues from the environment and quickly and accurately detect pesticides and their metabolites has become a hot topic of concern and research for scientists. Plant-derived biochar is characterized by wide source, renewable and low price, which is a cheap and efficient adsorbent with the advantages of large specific surface area, high pore volume, adjustable surface functional groups, and good environmental compatibility. This paper has reviewed the applications of plant-derived biochar in pesticide residue detection in the past 10 years. By analyzing the physicochemical properties of different plant-derived biochar, researchers explored their ability to adsorb and remove pesticide residues from the environment. The H₃PO₄-modified biochar can be used as a slow-release carrier for fertilizers while adsorbing pesticide residues in agricultural fields. In addition, plant-derived biochar can be used as an adsorbent for dispersed solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) to selectively adsorb 49 trace pesticides in vegetables, neonicotinoid pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines, and organochlorine pesticides in fruit juices. This paper also evaluated the effectiveness of plant-derived biochar as a solid-phase extraction material in sample pretreatment and put forward future research directions.

Key words: plant-derived biochar, pesticide residues, environmental monitoring, solid phase extraction, sample pretreatment

中图分类号:

方丹, 徐双娇, 田新权, 吴云静, 魏喜, 马磊. 植物源生物质炭在去除和检测农药残留方面的研究进展[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(11): 2751-2758.

FANG Dan, XU Shuangjiao, TIAN Xinquan, WU Yunjing, WEI Xi, MA Lei. Study progress on plant-derived biochar for the removal and detection of pesticide residues[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(11): 2751-2758.

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