微塑料与镉联合暴露对中华费氏根瘤菌的生态毒性效应

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究微塑料与镉联合暴露对土壤微生物的生态毒性效应,本试验以中华费氏根瘤菌为供试菌株,开展了单分散聚苯乙烯微塑料(MPs)(0、20、100、200 mg·L^-1)和镉(Cd²⁺)(4 mg·L^-1)单一及联合暴露对根瘤菌的生态毒性效应研究。结果表明,在单一MPs/Cd²⁺暴露下,根瘤菌的生长受到了明显的抑制,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著(p<0.05)升高。另外,根瘤菌体内超氧阴离子的含量、电解质渗漏率、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量均随着MPs/Cd²⁺浓度的升高而呈现出先升高后下降的趋势。在两者联合暴露下,根瘤菌菌体内的可溶性蛋白含量显著高于单一MPs/Cd²⁺处理组,并且菌体内的SOD和CAT活性提高。以上结果说明在两者联合暴露下,根瘤菌通过调节渗透物质含量和减少生物膜的破坏程度,从而缓解单一污染物对根瘤菌产生的生态毒性。

关键词: 微塑料, 镉, 中华费氏根瘤菌, 生态毒性效应

Abstract:

To investigate the ecotoxic effects of combined exposure of microplastics and cadmium on soil microorganisms, the ecotoxic effects of mono-dispersed polystyrene microplastics (MPs) (0, 20, 100, 200 mg·L^-1) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) (4 mg·L^-1) on Sinorhizobium fredii were studied by single and combined exposure. The results showed that the growth of Sinorhizobium fredii was obviously inhibited under single MPs/Cd²⁺ exposure, while the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were significantly (p<0.05) increased. In addition, the concentration of superoxide anion, electrolyte leakage rate, proline and malondialdehyde contents in Sinorhizobium fredii increased first and then decreased with the increase of MPs/Cd²⁺ concentration. Under combined exposure, soluble protein content in Sinorhizobium fredii was significantly higher than that in single MPs/Cd²⁺ treatment group, SOD and CAT activities in Sinorhizobium fredii were increased. The results above indicated that under the combined exposure of MPs and Cd²⁺, Sinorhizobium fredii mitigated the ecotoxicity of a single pollutant to Sinorhizobium fredii by adjusting the content of osmotic substances and reducing the damage degree of biofilm.

Key words: microplastic, cadmium, Sinorhizobium fredii, ecotoxic effect

中图分类号:

袁丹, 吴天昱, 秦羽恬, 杨昱欣, 赵伟, 宋晓雨, 陈董, 张亮. 微塑料与镉联合暴露对中华费氏根瘤菌的生态毒性效应[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(12): 3093-3098.

YUAN Dan, WU Tianyu, QIN Yutian, YANG Yuxin, ZHAO Wei, SONG Xiaoyu, CHEN Dong, ZHANG Liang. Ecotoxic effects of combined exposure of microplastics and cadmium on Sinorhizobium fredii[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(12): 3093-3098.

图/表 4

图1 不同处理下的根瘤菌生长曲线

Fig.1 Growth curve of Sinorhizobium fredii under different treatments

图2 根瘤菌培养液中的pH值变化柱间无相同小写字母表示不同处理间存在显著差异(p<0.05),下同。

Fig.2 pH value change in the culture medium of Sinorhizobium fredii

图3 不同处理对根瘤菌体内的抗氧化酶活性及活性氧含量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of different treatments on antioxidant enzyme activities and reactive oxygen contents in Sinorhizobium fredii

表1 微塑料(MPs)与镉(Cd2+)交互作用下根瘤菌的细胞膜通透性

Table 1 Cell membranes permeability of Sinorhizobium fredii under the interaction between MPs and Cd2+

处理	电解质渗透率/%	可溶性蛋白含量/ (mg·g^-1)	脯氨酸含量/ (μg·g^-1)	丙二醛含量/ (μmol·g^-1)
0	35.0±0.6 g	28.9±0.6 a	5.3±0.6 d	2.2±0.2 h
T1	49.1±1.2 d	21.1±0.9 d	8.7±0.5 b	5.3±0.6 g
T2	51.4±0.3 c	16.6±0.8 e	10.4±1.0 a	8.6±0.3 f
T3	41.1±1.1 f	16.3±1.2 e	8.6±0.8 b	10.5±0.7 e
T4	58.2±0.9 a	17.5±0.9 e	5.8±0.6 d	22.5±1.2 a
T5	53.4±0.4 b	22.6±0.7 cd	5.6±0.6 d	13.3±0.6 d
T6	51.0±0.3 c	23.7±0.5 c	9.2±0.4 ab	18.3±1.0 c
T7	44.0±0.8 e	26.0±0.8 b	7.1±0.7 c	20.1±0.9 b

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