浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (8): 1894-1899.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250288

• 粮食作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

减氮配施有机肥对稻麦轮作体系下作物吸磷效率和土壤供磷能力的影响

柯桢1(), 林梦沁2, 齐杰3, 曹雪仙4()   

  1. 1.三门县农业农村局，浙江 三门 317199
    2.三门县亭旁镇农业综合和经济建设服务中心，浙江 三门 317100
    3.遂昌县西畈乡人民政府，浙江 遂昌 323312
    4.天台县农业技术推广总站，浙江 天台 317200
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2026-08-11 发布日期:2026-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 曹雪仙
  • 作者简介:曹雪仙，E-mail：xuexcao@163.com。
    柯桢，从事土壤肥料技术推广应用工作。E-mail：as86610@163.com。

Effects of reduced nitrogen application combined with organic fertilizer on crop phosphorus uptake efficiency and soil phosphorus supply capacity in a rice-wheat rotation system

KE Zhen1(), LIN Mengqin2, QI Jie3, CAO Xuexian4()   

  1. 1.Sanmen County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau，Sanmen 317199，Zhejiang
    2.Agricultural Comprehensive and Economic Construction Service Center of Tingpang Town，Sanmen County，Sanmen 317100，Zhejiang
    3.Xifan People's Government of Suichang County，Suichang 323312，Zhejiang
    4.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Tiantai County，Tiantai 317200，Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-04-16 Online:2026-08-11 Published:2026-08-20
  • Contact: CAO Xuexian

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摘要：

为探究减氮配施有机肥对稻麦轮作体系的影响，本研究于2023—2024年在浙江省三门县开展田间试验，设置7个处理：无肥对照（CK）、无磷处理（NK）、常规施肥（N100）、常规施肥基础上减氮15%处理（N85）和常规施肥基础上减氮30%处理（N70）、减氮15%并配施有机肥（MN85）、减氮30%并配施有机肥（MN70），分析不同处理对作物产量、磷素吸收、土壤磷含量的影响。结果表明：施肥显著（p<0.05）提高了产量，水稻各施肥处理较CK增产59.5%～64.9%，小麦各施肥处理较CK增产130.8%～167.0%，各处理中，MN85的效果最佳。MN85处理的小麦籽粒磷含量较N100显著提高13.7%，小麦籽粒吸磷量提升21.6%，小麦秸秆吸磷量增加105.3%。MN85处理的土壤有效磷和可溶性磷含量分别较N100提高57.7%和61.6%，且磷素表观平衡由亏缺转为盈余。然而，与MN85相比，N100的水稻和小麦磷肥偏生产力分别显著提高了325.5%和306.6%。综上，减氮15%～30%配施有机肥可有效提升土壤磷素有效性，促进作物磷吸收及产量稳定，但需优化有机肥与化肥配比以平衡磷素利用效率。

关键词: 氮肥减施, 有机肥, 磷素表观平衡, 磷肥偏生产力, 稻麦轮作

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on rice-wheat rotation system，a field experiment was conducted in Sanmen County，Zhejiang Province，from 2023 to 2024. Seven treatments were set up：no fertilizer control（CK），no phosphorus（NK），conventional fertilization（N100），15% nitrogen fertilizer reduction based on conventional fertilization（N85），30% nitrogen fertilizer reduction based on conventional fertilization（N70），15% nitrogen fertilizer reduction with organic fertilizer（MN85），and 30% nitrogen fertilizer reduction with organic fertilizer（MN70）. The effects of different treatments on crop yield，phosphorus uptake，and soil phosphorus content were analyzed. The results showed that fertilization significantly （p<0.05） increased yield，with increases of 59.5%-64.9% for rice and 130.8%-167.0% for wheat compared with CK， and MN85 performed best among treatments. Compared with N100，MN85 significantly increased wheat grain phosphorus content by 13.7%，grain phosphorus uptake by 21.6%，and straw phosphorus uptake by 105.3%. The soil available phosphorus and soluble phosphorus contents under MN85 were increased by 57.7% and 61.6%，respectively，compared with N100，and the apparent phosphorus balance shifted from deficit to surplus. However，compared with MN85，N100 significantly increased the partial factor productivity of phosphorus fertilizer by 325.5% for rice and 306.6% for wheat. In conclusion，reducing nitrogen by 15%-30% combined with organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil phosphorus availability，promote crop phosphorus uptake，and stabilize yield，but the ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer needs to be optimized to balance phosphorus use efficiency.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer reduction, organic fertilizer, apparent phosphorus balance, partial factor productivity of phosphorus fertilizer, rice-wheat rotation

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