Effects of different sowing dates on the growth, development, yield, and quality of Yangmai 23

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230862

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the suitable sowing dates for wheat in Xinghua and study the effects of different sowing dates on growth, development and yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted on Yangmai 23 with different sowing dates on October 27, November 3, November 10, November 18, and November 25 in 2022 year at the Jiangsu (Xinghua) Modern Agriculture (Rice and Wheat) Science and Technology Comprehensive Demonstration Base.The experimental results showed that the sowing date significantly affected the growth process of wheat. With the delay of the sowing date, the seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage were successively delayed, but the difference in maturity stage was not significant, and the entire growth period of wheat was shortened. The later the sowing period, the smaller the age of the main stem and leaves, and the fewer tillers per plant, the larger tiller numbers, and the fewer secondary roots per plant in the same period. The number of spikes per 667 m², the number of grains per spike, and the actual yield per 667 m² increased first and then decreased with the delay of the sowing date, while the thousand grain weight gradually decreasesd with the delay of the sowing date. The protein content, sedimentation value, and wet gluten content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the delay of sowing time.

Key words: sowing dates, Yangmai 23, growth and development, yield

CLC Number:

S512.1

Cite this article

ZUO Xilong, LIU Yunfei, WANG Zhengbo, CHEN Chunsheng, WANG Jihan, GE Xiaoqin. Effects of different sowing dates on the growth, development, yield, and quality of Yangmai 23[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(11): 2552-2557.

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Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Growth period of wheat on different sowing dates

处理	播期 (月-日)	出苗期 (月-日)	拔节期 (月-日)	抽穗期 (月-日)	成熟期 (月-日)	全生育期/ d
T1	10-27	11-03	03-02	04-08	05-27	212
T2	11-03	11-11	03-12	04-11	05-30	208
T3	11-10	11-20	03-20	04-13	06-01	203
T4	11-18	11-25	03-25	04-14	06-01	195
T5	11-25	12-15	04-03	04-18	06-03	190

Table 1 Growth period of wheat on different sowing dates

处理	播期 (月-日)	出苗期 (月-日)	拔节期 (月-日)	抽穗期 (月-日)	成熟期 (月-日)	全生育期/ d
T1	10-27	11-03	03-02	04-08	05-27	212
T2	11-03	11-11	03-12	04-11	05-30	208
T3	11-10	11-20	03-20	04-13	06-01	203
T4	11-18	11-25	03-25	04-14	06-01	195
T5	11-25	12-15	04-03	04-18	06-03	190

Table 2 Effect of different sowing dates on wheat leaf age of main stem

处理	不同日期(月-日)的主茎叶龄
处理	12-20	01-17	02-09	03-09	04-10	05-10
T1	5.7	6.6	7.2	9.2	11.0	11.0
T2	4.4	5.5	6.3	8.6	11.0	11.0
T3	3.3	4.5	5.5	7.9	11.0	11.0
T4	2.4	3.7	4.6	7.0	10.5	11.0
T5	0.7	2.3	3.4	6.0	9.8	10.0

Table 2 Effect of different sowing dates on wheat leaf age of main stem

处理	不同日期(月-日)的主茎叶龄
处理	12-20	01-17	02-09	03-09	04-10	05-10
T1	5.7	6.6	7.2	9.2	11.0	11.0
T2	4.4	5.5	6.3	8.6	11.0	11.0
T3	3.3	4.5	5.5	7.9	11.0	11.0
T4	2.4	3.7	4.6	7.0	10.5	11.0
T5	0.7	2.3	3.4	6.0	9.8	10.0

Table 3 The number of wheat stems and tillers on different sowing dates

处理	667 m² 基本苗/万	667 m² 高峰苗/万	667 m² 穗数/万	成穗率/ %	分蘖成穗率/%
T1	13.1	64.3	35.2	54.7	43.2
T2	15.3	78.3	37.0	47.3	34.4
T3	18.4	85.2	36.8	43.2	27.5
T4	24.6	75.8	36.6	48.3	23.4
T5	24.9	73.9	33.8	45.7	18.2

Table 3 The number of wheat stems and tillers on different sowing dates

处理	667 m² 基本苗/万	667 m² 高峰苗/万	667 m² 穗数/万	成穗率/ %	分蘖成穗率/%
T1	13.1	64.3	35.2	54.7	43.2
T2	15.3	78.3	37.0	47.3	34.4
T3	18.4	85.2	36.8	43.2	27.5
T4	24.6	75.8	36.6	48.3	23.4
T5	24.9	73.9	33.8	45.7	18.2

Table 4 Single plant tillering and secondary roots of wheat on different sowing dates

处理	11月25日		12月20日		1月17日		2月20日		3月20日
处理	单株分蘖数	单株次生根	单株分蘖数	单株次生根	单株分蘖数	单株次生根	667 m²≥3.1 叶大分蘖/万	单株次生根	667 m²≥4.1 叶大分蘖/万	单株次生根
T1	0.67	2.6	2.71	5.0	3.69	6.0	31.5	10.5	27.3	13.0
T2	0.31	0.7	1.57	4.2	2.97	5.1	24.3	9.1	25.6	12.1
T3	0	0	0.62	2.3	2.18	3.5	17.1	7.3	21.1	10.5
T4	0	0	0.04	0.6	0.79	1.4	2.6	4.9	13.2	9.6
T5	0	0	0	0	0.05	0.3	0	3.5	6.8	8.0

Table 4 Single plant tillering and secondary roots of wheat on different sowing dates

处理	11月25日		12月20日		1月17日		2月20日		3月20日
处理	单株分蘖数	单株次生根	单株分蘖数	单株次生根	单株分蘖数	单株次生根	667 m²≥3.1 叶大分蘖/万	单株次生根	667 m²≥4.1 叶大分蘖/万	单株次生根
T1	0.67	2.6	2.71	5.0	3.69	6.0	31.5	10.5	27.3	13.0
T2	0.31	0.7	1.57	4.2	2.97	5.1	24.3	9.1	25.6	12.1
T3	0	0	0.62	2.3	2.18	3.5	17.1	7.3	21.1	10.5
T4	0	0	0.04	0.6	0.79	1.4	2.6	4.9	13.2	9.6
T5	0	0	0	0	0.05	0.3	0	3.5	6.8	8.0

Table 5 Plant height, spike length, and internode length of wheat on different sowing dates

处理	株高/ cm	穗长/ cm	第一节间长/ cm	第二节间长/ cm
T1	81.64 a	8.86 b	4.63	6.25 c
T2	80.90 a	9.30 a	4.40	7.37 b
T3	79.98 a	9.42 a	4.17	8.48 a
T4	72.73 b	8.50 b	4.05	7.47 b
T5	71.73 b	8.50 b	4.00	7.55 b

Table 5 Plant height, spike length, and internode length of wheat on different sowing dates

处理	株高/ cm	穗长/ cm	第一节间长/ cm	第二节间长/ cm
T1	81.64 a	8.86 b	4.63	6.25 c
T2	80.90 a	9.30 a	4.40	7.37 b
T3	79.98 a	9.42 a	4.17	8.48 a
T4	72.73 b	8.50 b	4.05	7.47 b
T5	71.73 b	8.50 b	4.00	7.55 b

Table 6 Utilization of temperature and light resources on different sowing dates and growth stages

生育阶段	处理	生育期天数/d	日均>0 ℃积温/℃	累计>0 ℃积温/℃	日均日照时数/h	累计日照时数/h	降雨量/mm
播种—出苗期	T1	8	16.8	134.2	6.6	52.9	12.9
	T2	8	16.6	132.5	6.1	48.5	0.9
	T3	10	15.2	152.4	2.2	21.8	27.9
	T4	7	16.8	117.7	3.0	20.7	43.2
	T5	20	7.0	140.7	4.3	86.6	25.9
出苗—拔节期	T1	118	6.0	713.4	5.1	597.9	176.8
	T2	121	6.3	764.3	5.4	648.4	176.8
	T3	120	6.1	726.2	5.7	678.9	163.7
	T4	120	5.9	705.5	5.5	659.3	150.0
	T5	109	6.5	705.3	5.9	643.7	125.3
拔节—抽穗期	T1	37	12.8	474.5	6.0	221.6	65.2
	T2	30	12.4	372.7	5.5	165.6	65.2
	T3	24	13.8	330.5	5.5	131.5	50.4
	T4	20	14.8	296.0	6.6	132.9	29.9
	T5	15	16.6	249.7	7.3	109.0	33.6
抽穗—成熟期	T1	49	19.1	934.4	6.6	324.2	110.3
	T2	49	19.3	946.9	6.2	302.5	165.9
	T3	49	19.5	955.9	6.0	293.5	165.9
	T4	48	19.5	938.2	6.1	291.6	164.6
	T5	48	18.9	909.2	5.6	270.7	159.7
全生育期	T1	212	10.6	2 256.5	5.6	1 196.6	365.2
	T2	208	10.7	2 216.4	5.6	1 165.0	408.8
	T3	203	10.7	2 165.0	5.5	1 125.7	407.9
	T4	195	10.6	2 057.4	5.7	1 104.5	387.7
	T5	192	10.4	2 004.9	5.8	1 110.0	344.5

Table 6 Utilization of temperature and light resources on different sowing dates and growth stages

生育阶段	处理	生育期天数/d	日均>0 ℃积温/℃	累计>0 ℃积温/℃	日均日照时数/h	累计日照时数/h	降雨量/mm
播种—出苗期	T1	8	16.8	134.2	6.6	52.9	12.9
	T2	8	16.6	132.5	6.1	48.5	0.9
	T3	10	15.2	152.4	2.2	21.8	27.9
	T4	7	16.8	117.7	3.0	20.7	43.2
	T5	20	7.0	140.7	4.3	86.6	25.9
出苗—拔节期	T1	118	6.0	713.4	5.1	597.9	176.8
	T2	121	6.3	764.3	5.4	648.4	176.8
	T3	120	6.1	726.2	5.7	678.9	163.7
	T4	120	5.9	705.5	5.5	659.3	150.0
	T5	109	6.5	705.3	5.9	643.7	125.3
拔节—抽穗期	T1	37	12.8	474.5	6.0	221.6	65.2
	T2	30	12.4	372.7	5.5	165.6	65.2
	T3	24	13.8	330.5	5.5	131.5	50.4
	T4	20	14.8	296.0	6.6	132.9	29.9
	T5	15	16.6	249.7	7.3	109.0	33.6
抽穗—成熟期	T1	49	19.1	934.4	6.6	324.2	110.3
	T2	49	19.3	946.9	6.2	302.5	165.9
	T3	49	19.5	955.9	6.0	293.5	165.9
	T4	48	19.5	938.2	6.1	291.6	164.6
	T5	48	18.9	909.2	5.6	270.7	159.7
全生育期	T1	212	10.6	2 256.5	5.6	1 196.6	365.2
	T2	208	10.7	2 216.4	5.6	1 165.0	408.8
	T3	203	10.7	2 165.0	5.5	1 125.7	407.9
	T4	195	10.6	2 057.4	5.7	1 104.5	387.7
	T5	192	10.4	2 004.9	5.8	1 110.0	344.5

Table 7 Yield component on different sowing dates

处理	每667 m² 穗数/万	每穗粒数	千粒重/ g	667 m² 产量/kg	较T2减产/ (kg·d^-1)
T1	35.20 b	44.00 a	44.77 a	570.21 b	3.42
T2	37.00 a	44.50 a	43.48 b	594.16 a	0
T3	36.80 a	44.40 a	40.86 c	558.98 c	5.03
T4	36.60 a	38.50 c	40.52 d	491.05 d	6.87
T5	33.80 c	40.40 b	39.00 e	449.29 e	6.59

Table 7 Yield component on different sowing dates

处理	每667 m² 穗数/万	每穗粒数	千粒重/ g	667 m² 产量/kg	较T2减产/ (kg·d^-1)
T1	35.20 b	44.00 a	44.77 a	570.21 b	3.42
T2	37.00 a	44.50 a	43.48 b	594.16 a	0
T3	36.80 a	44.40 a	40.86 c	558.98 c	5.03
T4	36.60 a	38.50 c	40.52 d	491.05 d	6.87
T5	33.80 c	40.40 b	39.00 e	449.29 e	6.59

Table 8 Quality of wheat on different sowing dates

处理	水分/ %	蛋白质/ %	容重/ (g·L^-1)	沉降值/ s	湿面筋/ %	吸水率/ %	硬度/ (N·mm^-2)
T1	12.6	14.4	804.2	33.5	30.7	60.7	68.0
T2	13.1	15.1	797.3	36.4	32.1	59.8	64.7
T3	12.0	14.7	803.8	33.4	30.3	60.1	62.8
T4	12.9	14.3	801.7	33.5	30.3	59.4	65.8
T5	13.5	12.8	792.6	25.8	27.2	58.8	60.9

Table 8 Quality of wheat on different sowing dates

处理	水分/ %	蛋白质/ %	容重/ (g·L^-1)	沉降值/ s	湿面筋/ %	吸水率/ %	硬度/ (N·mm^-2)
T1	12.6	14.4	804.2	33.5	30.7	60.7	68.0
T2	13.1	15.1	797.3	36.4	32.1	59.8	64.7
T3	12.0	14.7	803.8	33.4	30.3	60.1	62.8
T4	12.9	14.3	801.7	33.5	30.3	59.4	65.8
T5	13.5	12.8	792.6	25.8	27.2	58.8	60.9

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