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Analysis on production capacity situation and improving path of wheat production in Zhejiang Province SU Yao, JIA Shengqiang, WANG Yunlong, SHEN Alin 2024, 65 (11):  2529-2534.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231123 Abstract ( 205 )   HTML ( 1366 )   PDF (3411KB) ( 426 )   Food security is an important foundation for national security. To ensure food security, the key is to ensure production capacity. Wheat is the second largest grain crop in Zhejiang Province, ensuring and improving wheat production capacity is an important aspect of ensuring food security in Zhejiang Province. This paper analyzed the interannual changes of wheat production in Zhejiang Province in recent 50 years from three aspects: wheat planting area, yield level and total yield, and systematically analyzed the main factors restricting wheat production in Zhejiang Province from the perspectives of natural resource conditions, production technology, producing environment and planting benefits. In the future, it is suggested that the wheat production capacity of Zhejiang Province can be effectively improved through innovative breeding and high-efficiency cultivation technology, promoting wheat production and management and social service scale, optimizing wheat planting layout, and improving industrial chain. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis on water-soluble fluorine content in composite fertilizer SHEN Yue, YAN Jun, WANG Jie, LU Ruohui 2024, 65 (11):  2535-2538.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230841 Abstract ( 110 )   HTML ( 1523 )   PDF (1561KB) ( 148 )   In this paper, the water-soluble fluorine content in composite fertilizers sampled from Zhejiang Province was investigated and summarized. The correlation between its content and total nutrient, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of compound fertilizer was analyzed. The results showed that the content of water-soluble fluorine in composite fertilizers varied greatly, ranging from 0.01% to 3.50% with an average of 0.43%, while the average content of fluorine in Jiaxing and Huzhou was very high, 1.07% and 0.89% respectively. In terms of nutrient concentration distribution, the highest proportion of high-concentration composite fertilizers with total nutrient content ≥45.0% was 78%, and the average content of water-soluble fluorine was also the highest, reaching 0.47%, the average content of water-soluble fluorine was the highest in the 15% nitrogen composite fertilizer and phosphorus, reaching 0.62% and 0.59% respectively. The average content of water-soluble fluorine was the highest in the composite fertilizer of more than 20% potassium, 0.63%. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the application effect of different types of formula fertilizers on single crop rice LUO Bingfang, TAN Zhixin, LI Lizeng, JIN Yiming, MAO Liansong, YU Qiaogang 2024, 65 (11):  2539-2542.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230937 Abstract ( 90 )   HTML ( 1068 )   PDF (1133KB) ( 158 )   In order to explore the application effects of different types of formula fertilizers and fertilizer application methods, field experiments were conducted on nitrogen reduction application of different types of formula fertilizers in rice production. The results showed that the application of formula fertilizer significantly increased the number of tillers in rice, increased the panicle formation rate, increased the effective panicle number and seed setting rate, stabilized the number of grains per panicle and thousand grain weight, and thus increased rice yield. When nitrogen was reduced by 10% in the slow-release formula fertilizer treatment, compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the maximum economic benefit increased could reach 11.6%, achieving a maximum increase of 3 696.0 yuan·hm-2 in income. Taking into account the main agronomic traits, yield, and economic benefits, the application of formula fertilizers effectively reduced the production cost of rice, increased economic benefits, and ultimately achieved the goal of reducing fertilizer usage amount, cost saving, and efficiency enhancement. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of growth characteristics and yield of continuous cropping late rice varieties WANG Lidan, BAO Suiyun, ZHU Defeng 2024, 65 (11):  2543-2546.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230946 Abstract ( 96 )   HTML ( 803 )   PDF (1120KB) ( 162 )   In order to solve the problems of tight season and low yield of continuous cropping late rice, the growth characteristics and yield of six high-yield hybrid rice varieties were compared. The results showed that the yield per 667 m2 of Yongyou 59, Huazhongyou 9326, Jiafengyou 2 and Yongyou 31 was 12.0%, 14.0%, 15.4% and 16.4% higher than that of the control variety Yongyou 1540, respectively. The main reason for the increase in yield of Jiafengyou 2 and Huazhongyou 9326 compared with the control variety was the increase in the number of grains per spike and thousand grain weight, and the main reason for the increase in yield of Yongyou 31 and Yongyou 59 compared with Yongyou 1540 was the increase in the number of grains per panicle. The growth period of the tested varieties was extended by 1-6 days compared with that of the control varieties. In terms of production, the growth period of early and late rice varieties can be matched, and the hybrid rice varieties with suitable growth period can be selected for continuous cropping late rice machine transplanting. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on harvest time of green wheat kernel of different waxy wheat lines in Southern Zhejiang LIU Yongan, DENG Lizhang, GAO Xiteng, HUANG Yechang, YUE Gaohong, PAN Binrong 2024, 65 (11):  2547-2551.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230935 Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 821 )   PDF (3138KB) ( 116 )   In order to screen out the suitable fresh-eating wheat lines for cultivation in Southern Zhejiang and determine the best harvest time, six waxy wheat lines, namely, Waxy Pinjian 1, Waxy Pinjian 5, Waxy Pinjian 21, Waxy Pinjian 25, Waxy Pinjian 27 and Waxy Pinjian 31, were used as experimental materials. The wheat kernel was harvested in 5 phases on April 21, 23, 25, 27 and 29, and the quality of the green wheat kernel was investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the suitable harvest time of green wheat kernel for each waxy wheat line was generally before April 25 (including April 25). Among them, the comprehensive quality of green wheat kernel of Waxy pinjian 27 was better in the first 3 periods, and the suitable harvesting period of Waxy Pinjian 25 and Waxy Pinjian 31 was longer, which could be delayed to April 27. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different sowing dates on the growth, development, yield, and quality of Yangmai 23 ZUO Xilong, LIU Yunfei, WANG Zhengbo, CHEN Chunsheng, WANG Jihan, GE Xiaoqin 2024, 65 (11):  2552-2557.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230862 Abstract ( 62 )   HTML ( 826 )   PDF (1154KB) ( 146 )   In order to explore the suitable sowing dates for wheat in Xinghua and study the effects of different sowing dates on growth, development and yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted on Yangmai 23 with different sowing dates on October 27, November 3, November 10, November 18, and November 25 in 2022 year at the Jiangsu (Xinghua) Modern Agriculture (Rice and Wheat) Science and Technology Comprehensive Demonstration Base.The experimental results showed that the sowing date significantly affected the growth process of wheat. With the delay of the sowing date, the seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage were successively delayed, but the difference in maturity stage was not significant, and the entire growth period of wheat was shortened. The later the sowing period, the smaller the age of the main stem and leaves, and the fewer tillers per plant, the larger tiller numbers, and the fewer secondary roots per plant in the same period. The number of spikes per 667 m2, the number of grains per spike, and the actual yield per 667 m2 increased first and then decreased with the delay of the sowing date, while the thousand grain weight gradually decreasesd with the delay of the sowing date. The protein content, sedimentation value, and wet gluten content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the delay of sowing time. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and popularization of biogas slurry application on fruit maize WANG Weiwei, LIN Yuzhen, ZHAO Hong, ZHOU Zhengfa, WANG Weiying 2024, 65 (11):  2558-2561.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230868 Abstract ( 87 )   HTML ( 850 )   PDF (1116KB) ( 184 )   In this study, the application of biogas slurry to fruit maize variety Xuetian 7401 was studied. The results showed that although the effect of biogas slurry application on the yield and baldness of fruit maize was not as good as that of chemical fertilizer, the taste quality of fruit maize applied with biogas slurry was superior. In particular, 30 000 kg of biogas slurry was used as base fertilizer, 10 000 kg of biogas slurry +10 kg of urea was used as topdressing, and 20 000 kg of biogas slurry +10 kg of potassium sulfate was used as ear fertilizer for every 667 m2. This fertilization method increased the number of kernel rows, shortened the bald tip, and effectively improved the sweetness and yield, which could not only stabilize the yield, but also improve the quality. At the same time, compound fertilizer can be reduced by 50 kg and urea by 15 kg, which is suitable for large-scale promotion in production. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding of a new high quality hybrid corn combination Tianmu Baitian ZHANG Yuezhong, ZHI Yongqi, SHI Yiting, YU Yihong, WANG Sen 2024, 65 (11):  2562-2565.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240156 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 817 )   PDF (1101KB) ( 140 )   The new corn variety Tianmu Baitian is developed by Xinchang County Seed Company with Bai 567 as the female parent and the inbred line G17/Z2H4 as the male parent. In the multi-point experiments conducted in Zhejiang Province from 2018 and 2019, the average yield of Tianmu Baitian reached 1 112.67 kg and 1 005.36 kg per 667 m2, respectively, increasing by 12.35% and 3.49% compared with the control Chaotian 4. Tianmu Baitian has excellent characteristics of white sweetness, excellent quality, moderate resistance to wilt and southern rust, and is suitable for planting in Zhejiang Province. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Key points of breeding and cultivation technology of new high-quality purple heart sweet potato variety Longzi No.12 LIN Zilong, GUO Qimao, CHEN Genhui, HUANG Yanxia 2024, 65 (11):  2566-2570.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230890 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 812 )   PDF (1192KB) ( 159 )   Longzi No.12 is a new purple sweet potato variety with Vietnam purple sweetpotato as free pollination female parent by Longyan Agricultural Research Institute. The purple potato is spindle-shaped, the peel is dark purple, and the flesh is dark purple. The number of sweet potatoes per plant was 4.60, the dry matter rate of fresh tubers was 36.26%, the starch rate in district test was 25.18%, the soluble sugar content was 3.42%, and the anthocyanin content was 519.00 mg·kg-1. The dry sample contained 7.13% protein, 5.50% sucrose, 5.70% reducing sugar and 2.50% dietary fiber, which had a good taste and a smooth and beautiful appearance. Longzi No.12 is resistant to vine cut, black spot and root rot. The yield of fresh potatoes was 2 173.21 kg, dried potatoes and starch yields were 786.55 kg and 566.48 kg per 667 m2 yespectively in district test in Fujian Province, which were 10.96%, 36.63% and 44.66% higher than those of Funingzi No.3, respectively. It is suitable for summer and autumn planting in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places. In 2022, it passed the national registration of non-major crop varieties. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Economic traits and oil nutritional quality of the main Camellia oleifera seed varieties in Youyang ZHANG Yulin, WU Qiaosheng, CHEN Jiao, YAO Xiaohua, DUN Chunyao 2024, 65 (11):  2571-2575.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240229 Abstract ( 63 )   HTML ( 809 )   PDF (2399KB) ( 259 )   In order to evaluate the performance of different varieties of Camellia oleifera seeds in Youyang region, the economic characteristics, bioactive ingredient content, and fatty acid composition of Camellia oleifera seed varieties including Changlin 3, Changlin 4, Changlin 40, Changlin 53, Xianglin 210 were studied. The results showed that there were differences in the economic characteristics, bioactive ingredient content, and fatty acid composition of Camellia oleifera seeds from different varieties in the Youyang region. Among them, air-dried seeds of Changlin 3 had the lowest water content. Changlin 40 had the highest kernel yield, and Changlin 3 had the highest kernel oil content. Changlin 53 has the highest content of squalene, and Changlin 3 has the highest content of β-sitosterol. The highest content of total polyphenols was Changlin 4. The highest content of vitamin E was Changlin 40. The largest proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was Changlin 53. The highest proportion of α-linolenic acid was Changlin 4. The results of this study provide a reference for the planting and processing of Camellia oleifera in Youyang and surrounding areas. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization measures of leaf structure of sun-dried yellow tobacco Yunshai 1 LI Guangxi, TANG Xubing, ZHEN Anzhong, LEI Jiazhong, YANG Hao, YANG Zhiji, DUAN Kaiwei, FU Yanyan, LU Yao 2024, 65 (11):  2576-2581.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230848 Abstract ( 58 )   HTML ( 1099 )   PDF (1277KB) ( 156 )   In order to meet the application demand of the cigarette industry for the raw materials of sun-dried yellew tobacco in flue-cured tobacco and find out the suitable optimization measures for the structure of sun-dried yellew tobacco in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the effects of the optimization measures on the agronomic traits, part grade structure, economic traits and chemical quality of the sun-dried yellow tobacco were studied by using Yunshai 1 sun-dried yellow tobacco as the material. The results showed that the tobacco structure optimization treatment measures could improve the economic traits such as yield, output value and average price, and the comprehensive performance were better with T2 and T5 treatments, followed by T3 and T4 treatments. It could reduce the proportion of lower tobacco leaves, increase the proportion of middle tobacco leaves and the proportion of superior tobacco, and the effect was T5> T4> T3> T2>T1; Most of the chemical composition contents of the upper and middle tobacco leaves met the requirements of high-quality tobacco leaves, and all of them could meet the industrial requirements, and the overall performance of the upper tobacco leaves was better than T5, T2 and T1. T5, T3 and T4 were the best performers in the middle leaves, and the nicotine content of the upper and middle leaves exceeded 2.0%, the upper leaves of T5, T2 and T1 exceeded 3.0%, and the middle leaves of T2 exceeded 3.0%. Therefore, it was suggested that the best optimization measures for the structure of sun-dried yellow tobacco leaves in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province were as follows: 2 bottom foot leaves were removed 10 days after capping, 2 top leaves were removed when the upper leaves were dried, 4 leaves were subtracted from the number of conventional leaves, and 17 leaves were retained, followed by 2 bottom foot leaves and 1 top leaf were removed during capping, and 3 leaves were subtracted from the number of conventional leaves to retain 18 leaves. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of morphology and inclusions between male and female yam individuals HAN Xiaoyong, YIN Jianmei, WANG Li, JIANG Lu, ZHANG Peitong, GUO Wenqi, JIN Lin, LIU Decai 2024, 65 (11):  2582-2585.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230931 Abstract ( 71 )   HTML ( 1123 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 120 )   To reveal the morphological and physiological differences between male and female individuals, we compared the morphological traits,tuber yield at maturity and inclusions contents for different genders of yam. The results showed that the female individuals had fewer branches, relatively lower leaf density, shorter tuber neck length, and higher tuber yield. The content of soluble protein and total phenolics in female tubers were higher than those in male tubers, and the content of starch, polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids was not significantly different between male and female individuals. Among the 17 amino acid components, the content of glutamic acid in female individuals was higher than that in male individuals, while the remaining 16 amino acids showed no significant difference between male and female individuals. The differences in the morphology and inclusions, which can be used as an indicator for the identification of male and female individuals, need further research. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Absorption characteristics of N,P, K, Mn, Fe and Cu in Brassica oleracea var.capitata L. cv. Dongyang 206 WANG Dongqun, CHENG Meiling, FANG Xufeng 2024, 65 (11):  2586-2590.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230842 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 1092 )   PDF (1160KB) ( 176 )   The aim of this experiment is to further optimize the fertilization plan for Brassica oleracea var.capitata L. cv. Dongyang 206. By analyzing the accumulation of six nutrients, including N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Cu, as well as the accumulation of trace elements in Brassica oleracea var.capitata L., a reasonable fertilizer application amount and ratio relationship were determined. The average content of N, P, and K in the dry matter of Dongyang 206 was found to be 0.305, 0.033 4 and 0.305 g·kg-1, respectively. The application amount of N, P2O5, and K2O reached 273.99, 68.27 and 304.16 kg·hm-2, and the application amount of Mn, Fe, and Cu reached 161.34, 697.63, and 22.09 g·hm-2, respectively, could basically meet the nutrient balance when the target yield was 117 201 kg·hm-2. The average absorption amounts of N, P2O5 and K2O in Brassica oleracea var.capitata L. were 215.04, 54.07 and 258.09 kg·hm-2, and the proportion relationship between the average absorption amount of N, P2O5, and K2O was 20.16∶5.00∶24.30. The average absorption amounts of Mn, Fe and Cu in Brassica oleracea var.capitata L. were 134.42, 426.31 and 16.05 g·hm-2, respectively. The agronomic efficiency of NPK fertilizer was 101.36, 97.86 and 16.03 kg·kg-1, respectively. The NPK fertilizer utilization rates were 43.80%, 15.85% and 36.25%, respectively. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different types of salt on the growth and development of pumpkin seedlings XING Nailin, WANG Yinger, YAN Leiyan, GU Binquan, WANG Yuhong 2024, 65 (11):  2591-2596.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240243 Abstract ( 68 )   HTML ( 986 )   PDF (3866KB) ( 254 )   In order to study the effects of different types of salt on the growth and development of pumpkin seedlings, 240 mmol·L-1 strong acidic salt sodium dihydrogen phosphate, weak acidic salt potassium sulfate, neutral salt sodium chloride, weak alkaline salt sodium bicarbonate, strong alkaline salt sodium carbonate were used to treat Indian pumpkin A70, Chinese pumpkin A45, and Indian Chinese hybrid pumpkin 7045 during the seedling stages, and their plant height agronomic traits, leaf color, and relative chlorophyll content were investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the tolerance of pumpkins to different types of salt stress, with sodium chloride had the smallest impact, potassium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate had similar effects, and sodium carbonate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate had the greatest degree of impact. The effect of different types of salt on pumpkin is related to pH value. Leaf color and stem diameter can be selected as indicators for evaluating salt tolerance of pumpkin rootstocks. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the genetic patterns of cotyledons yellow mutation genes in watermelon ZHANG Chaoyang, GU Yan, XU Binghua, CHENG Rui, HUANG Dayue, SUN Yudong 2024, 65 (11):  2597-2600.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230851 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 801 )   PDF (3345KB) ( 180 )   Using the etiolation mutant y103 and the normal leaf colored plant w3 as materials, the main agronomic traits, genetic law, and chlorophyll content were studied. It was found that the mutant began to exhibit yellowing of leaf color during the cotyledon stage, with light yellow cotyledons and light yellow true leaves throughout the growth period. The plant was short and grew slowly, with significantly lower fruit quality than the normal plant, and the fruit quality was only 47.0% of the fruit quality of the normal plant. During the seedling and flowering stages, the chlorophyll content significantly decreased compared with the normal plants. A 3-generation population was constructed using a mutant and a normal leaf color inbred line as parents. The genetic law of the etiolation trait of the mutant was analyzed, and the results showed that the etiolation trait of the mutant was not completely controlled by a dominant single gene, which named YD. When the gene is heterozygous (YDga), it manifests as leaf yellowing. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on optimization of callus induction conditions in stem segment of Guichang kiwifruit YANG Chunyu, XIN Jiale, PAN Xiaoyu, BAN Hujian, HAN Shiming, WANG Yuexia 2024, 65 (11):  2601-2606.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230743 Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 724 )   PDF (4938KB) ( 291 )   Using the stem segments of kiwifruit as materials, callus induction was induced on MS medium, and the response surface methodology was used to optimize the induction conditions of kiwifruit callus. On the basis of single factor analysis, a three factor three-level response surface methodology was designed to optimize the experiment, with 6-BA mass concentration, 2, 4-D mass concentration, and 0.1% mercuric chloride treatment time as independent variables, and the induction rate of callus tissue in the stem segment of kiwifruit as the evaluation index. The results showed that the optimal conditions for inducing callus tissue in kiwifruit were 6-BA concentration of 0.4 mg·L-1, 2, 4-D concentration of 2.0 mg·L-1, and 0.1% mercuric chloride treatment time of 4.0 minutes. Under these induction conditions, the induction rate of callus tissue in kiwifruit stem segments was 85.71%, which had a relatively small relative error with the predicted value. The experimental value was in good agreement with the predicted value. After optimizing the induction conditions, the induction rate of callus tissue in kiwifruit stem segments was effectively improved, providing a basis for further research on kiwifruit tissue culture. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of facility plantation on the physico-chemical and biological properties of orchard soils WANG Ze, ZHANG Mingkui 2024, 65 (11):  2607-2611.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230840 Abstract ( 62 )   HTML ( 719 )   PDF (1152KB) ( 197 )   To understand the possible changes in soil fertility and soil health status of the orchards caused by facility plantation, four orchards with both facility and open field plantation were selected in Zhejiang Province. Soil samples were collected from both facility and open field from orchards and their physical, chemical, and biological indicates were characterized for comparing the differences and similarities in soil properties between two orchards. The results showed that facility plantation could lead to a decrease in pH value of the surface soil, a significant accumulation of available phosphorus, available potassium, NH4-N, NO3-N, and salinity, and an increase in soil compaction. The pH value of the surface soil in facility orchards was lower than those in open orchards. The average content of available phosphorus, available potassium, NH4-N, NO3-N, and salt in the former increased by 51.36%, 58.86%, 331.64%, and 167.45% and 41.18%, respectively, as compared with the latter. However, facility plantation had a relatively small impact on soil bulk density, organic carbon, and available nitrogen. Facility plantation reduced the content of >0.25 mm water stable aggregates of topsoil, increased the number of fungi and sucrase activity, and decreased bacterial and soil urease activity. Compared with open field plantation, facility plantation showed a decrease of 4.82%-11.82% in the content of >0.25 mm water stable aggregates in the topsoil, an increase of 19.91%-26.53% and 11.37%-38.64% in the number of soil fungi and sucrase activity, respectively. The number of soil bacteria and urease activity decreased by 20.62%-28.27% and 15.05%-22.36%, respectively. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oversummer obstacles and management strategies of early maturing pear in the South of China WANG Yuezhi, DAI Meisong, CAI Danying, WEI Chunyan, SHI Zebin 2024, 65 (11):  2612-2616.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230883 Abstract ( 55 )   HTML ( 768 )   PDF (4052KB) ( 127 )   This article analyzes the contradiction between the development of early maturing pear fruits and the demand for oversummering pear trees based on the characteristics of the southern summer climate environment and the demand for oversummering pear trees, and proposes the concept of oversummering obstacles for early maturing pears. Based on the climatic characteristics of the growing season of southern pears, this study explored the use of appropriate cultivation measures to regulate the orchard microenvironment, cultivate healthy root systems, and control the canopy to balance nutrient and water absorption and consumption, thereby weakening the oversummering demand for early maturing pears, maintaining a high level of life activity for pear trees in the summer stress environment, and providing guarantees for the achievement of fruit quality and yield. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of specialized bio-organic fertilizer on soil improvement and fruit quality enhancement in declined Chinese bayberry HONG Leidong, HONG Chunlai, ZHU Weijing, ZHU Fengxiang, WANG Weiping, ZHANG Shuwen, SUN Li, ZOU Xiuqin, QI Xingjiang, YAO Yanlai 2024, 65 (11):  2617-2622.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230869 Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 794 )   PDF (2124KB) ( 240 )   The newly emerging bayberry decline disease can cause leaf drop, tree death, and decrease fruit quality and yield. There may be a solution to this decline syndrome by applying bio-organic fertilizers. In this study, three types of bio-organic fertilizer prototypes were developed and applied based on preliminary investigation and considering the special nutrient needs of bayberry trees. The organic fertilizer carrier used in these prototypes was silkworm, which was co-inoculated with Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus velezensis, and Microbacterium phyllosphaerae. The effects of these bio-organic fertilizer prototypes on soil improvement and fruit quality enhancement were investigated by measuring the rhizosphere soil properties and fruit of declined trees. The results showed that compared with the control group, all three bio-organic fertilizers could increase the soil pH value by about 0.2, and could alleviate the soil acidification problem. They also increased the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil while maintaining soil organic matter content. In addition, the soluble solids content in bayberry fruits increased by 1.44, 1.70, 1.47 percentage points, respectively, with the maximum single fruit weight reaching 22.5 g. The fruit hardness was reduced, and the taste was improved. This study provides a theoretical and application basis for the development of specialized bio-organic fertilizers for bayberry to mitigate the adverse effects of the newly emerged bayberry decline symptoms. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of characteristic traits and quality evaluation of different honey peach varieties YE Haoyu, ZHANG Zhixiang, ZHU Enze, XU Zhanhao, HONG Ming, WEI Hangyu, SUN Qinan 2024, 65 (11):  2623-2627.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230797 Abstract ( 86 )   HTML ( 822 )   PDF (3906KB) ( 168 )   In this study, six honey peach varieties grown in the main peach-producing area of Fenghua District, including Hujingmilu, Xinyu, Yuanmeng, Jinxiu Huangtao, Yulu and Baili, were used as test materials. The internal and external quality characteristics of the fruits of each variety were measured and compared, including fruit shape, color, weight, vertical diameters, horizontal diameters and lateral diameters, flesh color and texture, soluble solids content, kernel weight, kernel vertical diameters, kernel horizontal diameters and kernel lateral diameters, and adhesiveness. The edible rate was calculated, and the characteristics and causes of fruit cracking were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the appearance quality, internal quality, and edible rate among different honey peach varieties. Jinxiu Huangtao and Xinyu had significantly larger volumes than other varieties. Xinyu had the largest average fruit weight, reaching 349.00 g. Yuanmeng had the highest edible rate, reaching 98.20%. Baili and Yuanmeng was the sweeter, and both Xinyu and Baili had the strongest aroma. Each honey peach variety has its own advantages. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on biological functions and identification of Bacillus sp. insecticidal strain HZ179 ZHU Lihong, XIANG Huijuan, SHI Yuefeng, LIU Hao 2024, 65 (11):  2628-2635.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230924 Abstract ( 68 )   HTML ( 769 )   PDF (3309KB) ( 177 )   To clarify the taxonomic category and related biological functions of Bacillus sp. strain HZ179, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA and gyrB sequence analysis were conducted. Effects of strain HZ179 on the growth index, defense enzyme activity, and tannin content of pepper seedlings were determined through pot experiments; and the antibacterial activity on symbiont of Aphis gossypii was evaluated by diagnostic PCR method. The results indicated that strain HZ179 belonged to Bacillus velezensis. The plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, root to shoot ratio, and seedling strength index of seedlings irrigated with 100 times diluted HZ179 powder increased by 44.19%, 15.70%, 22.47%, 16.18%, and 16.71% respectively, compared with the control. And the activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and the content of tannin in leaves were significantly enhanced and maintained at a high level for 14 days. The infection species and infection rates of symbiont in Aphis gossypii in the HZ179 treatment group were lower than those in the control group. B. velezensis strain HZ179 could promote the growth of pepper seedlings, induce systemic resistance, and inhibite symbiont of Aphis gossypii. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rhythm of Chilo suppressalis for overwintering generation to the search light traps YAO Zhangliang, SHEN Yuejun, XU Weidong, LU Qiang 2024, 65 (11):  2636-2640.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230751 Abstract ( 67 )   HTML ( 786 )   PDF (1701KB) ( 182 )   Chilo suppressalis is a major pest in rice. In order to determine the rhythm of the overwintering generation of Chilo suppressalis to the search light traps, we divided the night into 11 time points (19:00-20:00、20:00-21:00、21:00-22:00、22:00-23:00、23:00-0:00、0:00-1:00、1:00-2:00、2:00-3:00、3:00-4:00、4:00-5:00和5:00-6:00) from April 1 to May 31, and used four intelligent light to investigate the number of Chilo suppressalis at each time point respectively, at Chongfu Town, Shimen Town, Wuzhen town and Tudian Town, respectively. Four chronological peaks of the moth populations in different periods of the overwintering generation differed greatly. The first peak obviously occurred only at Chongfu during 20:00-21:00, with the trapped number accounting for 19.48% of the first peak. The second peak attracted the largest amount of moths in overwintering generation, reaching the climax during 20:00-21:00 that took up 19.67%, 20.42% and 19.31% of the second peak respectively in Chongfu, Shimen and Tudian town. According to the third and forth peak, it got to the climax during 22:00-23:00, 23:00-0:00, 1:00-2:00 and 1:00-3:00, 1:00-2:00, 21:00-22:00, respectively in Chongfu, Shimen and Tudian. No obvious moth peaks was detected at the Wuzhen. On the whole, the peak amount of the trapped moths appeared during 20:00-21:00, and the trapped amount in the first half of the night was close to 60%. The first peak was similar to the second one in terms of the rhythm of response to search light trap of the moths in overwintering generation, meanwhile, the rhythms of the two peaks above differed greatly from those of the third and the forth one. We found that the rhythm of Chilo suppressalis in different overwintering places is different, which can provide a theoretical basis for the local rice green control and ecological management of the moths. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control efficacy of five fungicides for controlling clubroot disease in cabbage SUN Xiuli, HE Dan, LOU Wenyu, XU Mingfei, CHEN Liping 2024, 65 (11):  2641-2644.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231101 Abstract ( 91 )   HTML ( 779 )   PDF (1127KB) ( 254 )   Clubroot disease is a major soil-borne disease affecting cabbage yield. In order to screen for effective and safe fungicides for controlling clubroot disease in cabbage, five commonly used fungicides were selected for field efficacy trials. The results showed that the control efficacy of the three chemical fungicides was superior to that of the two biological fungicides. And the control efficacy of 30% fluazinam and cyazofamid suspension was slightly lower than the other two chemical fungicides. Based on the experimental results, we recommend the use of 100 g·L-1 cyazofamid suspension (180 mL per 667 m2) and 50% fluazinam suspension (333 mL per 667 m2) as the preferred fungicides for controlling clubroot disease in cabbage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of regional rice cropping structure changes on the occurrence of the population of Chilo suppressalis SUN Xiaoyu, DAI Dejiang, FANG Hui, CHEN Hong 2024, 65 (11):  2645-2649.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230892 Abstract ( 67 )   HTML ( 905 )   PDF (1267KB) ( 198 )   In order to explore the impact of regional rice cropping structure changes on the occurrence of the population of Chilo suppressalis, the population of Chilo suppressalis under the lamp and rice crop data from 2013 to 2022 in Linhai City were analyzed. The results showed that with the decrease of the proportion of single-season rice planting area in the annual rice cropping structure, and the increase of the proportion of early rice and continuous late rice area, the rice cropping pattern was transitioned from single-season main planting mode to obvious single-double mixed planting mode, which led to the increase of the cumulative moth population of Chilo suppressalis throughout the year, and the main generation of adult insect pests moved from overwintering generation to second generation. The proportion of the overwintering generation of the moth in the annual moth volume was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of the annual early rice area and the proportion of the annual continuous cropping late rice area, and was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of the annual single-cropping rice area. The proportion of the second-generation moth in the annual moth volume was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of early rice area and the proportion of late rice area under continuous cropping, and negatively correlated with the proportion of single-cropping rice area in the whole year. Rational adjustment of rice cropping structure in the region is an effective means to control the population of Chilo suppressalis and reduce its occurrence and damage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on fungal diseases of grain crops and their resistance identification methods CHEN Ling, YANG Changdeng, LIANG Yan, ZENG Yuxiang, HOU Yuxuan, CHEN Tianxiao, JI Zhijuan 2024, 65 (11):  2650-2658.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230852 Abstract ( 67 )   HTML ( 467 )   PDF (17850KB) ( 262 )   Fungal diseases have great impacts on crops, which lead to crop yield reduction or even no harvest, so it is particularly important to breed disease resistant varieties. In this paper, we summarized the fungal diseases that occur on rice, wheat and maize in the three major grain crops and their inoculation and identification methods, and analyze the identification criteria of efficient disease resistance of crops, so as to provide a basis for the inoculation and identification of fungal diseases, the disease resistance research and variety cultivation of major grain crops in China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on microbial synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid and its effects on plants HUANG Yan, WU Di 2024, 65 (11):  2659-2664.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230519 Abstract ( 105 )   HTML ( 341 )   PDF (1203KB) ( 323 )   Since the discovery of indole-3-acetic acid in plants at the end of the 19th century, it has received much attention, indole-3-acetic acid can promote cell growth and differentiation,affect the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of plants,it has a wide range of applications and has achieved significant research results in various fields such as agriculture and forestry in recent years. This article reviewed the synthesis pathways of indole-3-acetic acid in microorganisms, factors affecting microbial synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid, and the effects of microbial synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid on plants.Considering the current severe environmental pollution situation, the rational use of microbial agents can reduce the pollution of soil, air, and groundwater caused by chemical fertilizers, providing effective methods for sustainable development. The development advantages and potential of microbial synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in forest applications were summarized and prospected, providing a basis for the improvement of microbial preparations that are widely used, efficient and environmentally friendly microbial preparations with little pollution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control effect of technology combining seal and elimination for weeds in direct-sowing rice fields MENG Pengxiang, ZHU Yan, WANG Xiaoxuan, SHANG Jintao 2024, 65 (11):  2665-2667.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230879 Abstract ( 59 )   HTML ( 373 )   PDF (1115KB) ( 302 )   Weeds in direct-sowing rice fields show that there are multiple types, high density, long grass emergence duration, and serious harm. With the continuous expansion of large-scale planting areas, the field management is relatively extensive, resulting in unsatisfactory soil sealing and weed control effects. Due to the long-term and widespread use of herbicides such as bensulfuron methyl, cyhalothrin, and pentafluorosulfonamide, the problem of weed resistance has become increasingly prominent. The “one seal, one elimination” technology is difficult to effectively control weed damage and seriously affects grain production. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new technologies for weed control in direct-sowing rice fields. This study conducted a weed control experiment in direct-sowing rice fields by combining soil sealing with stem and leaf treatment. The results showed that after 20 days of treatment, each treatment had a control effect of over 90% on Ammannia arenaria, Fimbristylis miliacea (L.)Vahl.,Cyperus difformis L., and total weeds. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on weed control in clear rice field and the resistance of weedy rice species XU Weidong, LU Qiang, YAO Zhangliang, LI Youfa, FU Haowei, ZHANG Xinyue, DONG Junjie, CAO Kuirong, MA Xinghua 2024, 65 (11):  2668-2671.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240638 Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 472 )   PDF (1130KB) ( 146 )   The study aimed to explore the control effects of imidazolinone herbicides on common weeds and weedy rice in the fields of clear rice, as well as the resistance of different weedy rice species to imazethapyr. Field experiments were conducted to control various weeds by spraying different concentrations of imazethapyr solution at different stages, and pot experiments were conducted to identify the resistance of weedy rice. The results showed that spraying imazethapyr 20 days after rice seeding controlled weedy rice in the field effectively, with a control efficiency of 92.8% at a low concentration of 1 200 mL·hm-2. Early application resulted in a control efficiency below 90% generally, while late application required higher dosages to achieve better control efficiency. Moderate and high concentrations of imazethapyr demonstrated good control efficiency against Echinochloa crusgalli and Leptochloa chinensis, but poor control against broadleaf weeds such as Ammannia multiflora and Ludwigia prostrata. The resistance identification results indicated that the weedy rice species from different regions tested were sensitive to imazethapyr, showing no significant resistance. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of field control efficacy of different pesticides against Tetranych urticae Koch in pear tree CAO Mengjiao, XU Weidong, YAO Zhangliang, LU Qiang, JIA Huaizhi, ZHU Chenhui 2024, 65 (11):  2672-2675.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230820 Abstract ( 55 )   HTML ( 379 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 182 )   In order to screen the agents suitable for the control of Tetranych urticae Koch in pear orchards, field efficacy tests were carried out. The results showed that the control efficacy of each agent was 63.93%-74.59% on 3 days after treatment, 71.55%-83.04% on 7 days after treatment, and 75.97%-86.80% on 14 days after treatment. Among them, the control efficacy of 20% cyflumetofen suspension+ 43%bifenazat suspension was the highest after 14 days, reaching 86.80%, followed by 43% bifenazide suspension and 22% avermectin-spirofenolate suspension, with 85.84% and 83.05% after 14 days, respectively. The above three pesticides can be popularized and applied on local pear trees, and a single dose of 20% butafenoxoxil is not recommended. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the application techniques of controlling the first generation of Chilo suppressalis by releasing Trichogramma japonicum in early-season rice fields CHEN Jianghua, DI Rui, XIAO Shan, CHAI Weigang, REN Shaopeng, CHEN Ruoxia 2024, 65 (11):  2676-2679.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230712 Abstract ( 75 )   HTML ( 330 )   PDF (1149KB) ( 319 )   In order to clarify the field efficient release application technology of Trichogramma japonicum against the first generation of Chilo suppressalis in early-season rice fields, we conducted a study on the control effects of Trichogramma japonicum under different wasp release initiation time, release amount and number of releases,as well as in combination with chemical control in Zhenhai and Fenghua District of Ningbo City from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that control effect of wasp release from the initial emergence period, the beginning peak period and peak period was best, with a control effect of 54.06%. While the number of releases remained unchanged, control effects of release 40 000 and 50 000 every 667 m2 were 65.65% and 67.32%, respectively,which were significantly higher than the effect of 30 000 every 667 m2.While the total release amount remained unchanged, the control effects of release times of 3 and 4, were significantly higher than the control effects of release times of 2. The control effect of times of 3 followed by one time of chemical control can significantly improve the comprehensive control effect against the Chilo suppressalis and its control effect was equivalent to that of two times of chemical control. Therefore, in order to ensure the control measures of releasing Trichogramma japonicum are cost-effective,it is necessary to determine the reasonable release time, amount and frequency based on the actual occurrence of the overwintering generation of Chilo suppressalis, when Trichogramma japonicum was applied to control the first generation of Chilo suppressalis in early-season rice fields. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and application of query system for available pesticides in green food production SUN Xiaoming, SUN Aidong, LIU Xianjin, LU Haiyan 2024, 65 (11):  2680-2684.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230602 Abstract ( 62 )   HTML ( 415 )   PDF (1408KB) ( 300 )   Scientific and safe pesticide use is very important in green food production. In order to facilitate the production subject to query the available pesticides for green food, this study firstly obtained the registration information of pesticides through Web crawler, and then marked the available pesticides for green food production by using data annotation technology according to Green food-Guideline for application of pesticide(NY/T 393-2020), and based on the Web development technology, A wechat mini program has been designed and developed to provide query function, which can be queried according to pesticide category and control object. The operation is simple and convenient, and it is easy to popularize and apply. The registered crops and control objects were further marked to improve the accuracy and recall rate of query, which is of great significance for improving the quality and safety of green food. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of pesticide residue limits of carrots in some RCEP member countries CHEN Zeyu, SONG Xiaoyan, HUANG Xiangyun, HUANG Xiangzhu 2024, 65 (11):  2685-2692.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230798 Abstract ( 76 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (1181KB) ( 322 )   Carrot is one of the most common vegetables, which is widely consumed because of its rich nutrition. China is the main producer and largest exporter of carrots in the world, with significant export advantages in the international market, mainly exporting to Southeast Asian markets. In this paper, by collecting and comparing the pesticide residue limits in carrots set by international organizations and RCEP member countries, such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), Japan, Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Vietnam, Thailand, etc., as well as by combining the domestic carrots food safety supervision and sampling inspection, notification of non-conformity in foreign countries, and foreign trade measures, we focused on comparing and analyzing the pesticide residue limits of four pesticides. We also analyzed the pesticide residue limits of four pesticides, and summarized the three suggestions of improving the standard system, improving the risk warning and response ability and collaborative supervision, aiming to provide reference for improving the quality of carrots in China and promoting the convergence of China's standards with the international standards. This paper filled in gaps in carrot limit standards and index comparison at home and abroad. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of TCP transcription factors in Carica papaya and their expression during fruit ripening ZHOU Wangyang, WU Feiyan, ZHAO Miaoyu, HUANG Lei, CHEN Xiongjin, ZHOU Yan, LIU Kaidong 2024, 65 (11):  2693-2702.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240181 Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (15271KB) ( 185 )   TCP protein is the plant specific transcription factors, which plays an important role in the aspects of plant growth and development, signal transduction and biochemical stimulation response. In this research, we systematically screened the family members of TCP gene of Carica papaya and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship, conserved motifs, conserved domains, gene structure, protein tertiary structure and expression pattern in fruit maturation by using the bioinformatics methods. The results showed that 22 TCP genes existed in the Carica papaya TCP gene family. TCP gene family could be divided into two classes: Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅱ could be further classified into two subclasses (CYC/TB1 and CIN). Within the same subgroup, TCP proteins had similar conserved motifs and conserved domains, and there were large differences between different subgroups, indicating that different types of TCP proteins might have unique physiological functions. The 22 family members all had bHLH (basic-helix-loop-helix) conserved region and their genetic structure consisted of 1-7 exon and 1-6 introns; Gene expression in Class Ⅱ subgroup decreased significantly with fruit ripening, so it was assumed that Class Ⅱ subgroup had no effect on fruit ripening or inhibited fruit ripening. The above results would be helpful to reveal the function of TCP gene family members in Carica papaya. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the suitability of processing yellow tea with fresh leaves of main tea tree varieties in Taishun Country LIU Hui, GAO Ailing, TANG Yan, ZENG Guanghui, LAN Licheng, LIN Zhilu, KANG Huajing 2024, 65 (11):  2703-2709.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230425 Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (1276KB) ( 137 )   By sensory evaluation and determination of main quality components, this paper discussed the suitability of main tea varieties in Taishun area for processing Taishun yellow tea. The results of sensory evaluation showed that except for Yayang local tea, Yangshang local tea and Yangshang Xiaobai, all other varieties of tea samples performed well, among which Pengxi local tea scored the highest, with a value of 94.13. The test results of quality components showed that the contents of water extracts among tea samples were relatively close, and their values were all above 44%. Except that the content of tea polyphenols in Yayang local tea was relatively low (15.57%), the content of tea polyphenols in other samples did not reach significant difference. The content of amino acids ranged from 2.80% to 4.90%, among which the content of Luoyang local tea was the highest. The components of catechins in different tea samples were quite different. From the total amount, except for Jiaming No.1, which was relatively low (10.88%), the other samples were relatively close (11.17%-13.37%). The results of principal component analysis based on the comprehensive score of sensory evaluation showed that the contents of epigallocatechin, caffeine and tea polyphenols had a greater impact on the quality of tea samples. The comprehensive test results showed that Pengxi local tea, Taishanghuang tea, Jiaming No. 1 tea and Luoyang local tea had good suitability for processing yellow tea. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on curing characteristics and technology for middle leaves of new flue-cured tobacco variety Yunongxiang 201 LI Xuejun, LI Jianhua, GUO Jing, SUN Huan, MENG Zhiyong, SUN Jiping, LI Fangfang, LI Xuhui, ZU Huanxin, HOU Yong, GENG Shengna 2024, 65 (11):  2710-2716.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230917 Abstract ( 56 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (4619KB) ( 119 )   The new flue-cured tobacco variety Yunongxiang 201 is a mutant of Zhongyan 100. In order to explore the suitable curing technology for the middle leaves of Yunongxiang 201, using Zhongyan 100 as control, the characteristics of yellowing, browning, water loss, chlorophyll degradation, polyphenol oxidase activity(PPO) changes, amylase activity changes were studied by using dark chamber and electric-heated flue-curing barn. The complete yellowing time of Yunongxiang 201 was 48 h, and the browning degree was still less than 30% after 168 h of dark chamber treatment, and the yellowing and browning characteristics were better. The equilibrium of water loss was 1.10, and the degradation rate of chlorophyll was 1.30%·h-1 at 72 h, and the degradation amount was 93.68%, indicating good degradation characteristics. The average activity of polyphenol oxidase was 0.29 U, and the roasting tolerance was good. The amylase activity of Yunongxiang 201 was higher than that of Zhongyan 100. The basic characteristics, appearance quality and sensory quality of flue-cured leaves of Yunongxiang 210 after curing were better than those of Zhongyan 100. It is generally believed that the smoke in the middle part of Yunongxiang 201 has good roasting ability and good roasting resistance. Compared with Zhongyan 100, the yellowing time was reduced by about 6 h, and the color fixing time was reduced by about 4 h. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of shading treatment in drying shed on improving quality and aroma of burley tobacco CHEN Chengli, ZHANG Fang, WEN Tao, WU Baocheng, LI Shijie, XIANG Zedi, ZHANG Qianwu, LI Zhihua, LIU Zhiyu, JI Fei 2024, 65 (11):  2717-2722.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240528 Abstract ( 55 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1163KB) ( 169 )   In order to further improve the quality of burley tobacco drying, the effects of different mesh shade net shading treatments on the drying cycle, intrinsic chemical composition of tobacco leaves, neutral aromatic substances and sensory quality of burley tobacco were analyzed for the simple arched drying shed facility in Enshi tobacco area. The results showed that covering a shade net with a certain mesh size could improve the temperature and humidity of the drying process, prolong the drying cycle of tobacco leaves, and significantly increase the contents of total sugar, nicotine, potassium and total nitrogen in the middle and upper leaves. In terms of improving the quality and flavor of burley tobacco, covering 60 mesh shade nets was the best. The highest contents of new phytodiene, plastid pigment degradation products (except neophytodiene) and phenylalanine in the middle leaf were 1 638.95, 194.27 and 56.78 μg·g-1, and the highest contents of new phytodiene, plastid pigment degradation products (except neophytodiene) and phenylalanine in the upper leaf were 1 554.29, 194.89 and 68.66 μg·g-1, respectively. 60 mesh shade net is suitable for Enshi burley tobacco production area. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of mulberry twig alkaloids ZHAO Hui, ZHONG Shi, SUN Yuqing, HUO Jinxi, LI Yougui 2024, 65 (11):  2723-2732.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230685 Abstract ( 110 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (3745KB) ( 257 )   Mulberry twig is the dry twig of Mrous alba L. in Moraceae family. It can be used to treat rheumatism and numbness of joints in traditional Chinese medicine. Modern studies have found that mulberry twig has a variety of pharmacological effects, including regulation of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, etc. Alkaloids are important active components in mulberry twig, which have good hypoglycemic effect. It also regulates glycolipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota, protects islet β cells, improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion function, and stimulates GLP-1 secretion. In this paper, the types, synthetic pathways, extraction and detection methods and pharmacological effects of mulberry twig alkaloids were reviewed. This paper aims to provide reference for further study and efficient utilization of mulberry twig alkaloids. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of disease and insect pests on nutrient composition of mulberry leaves and economic characters of silkworm SU Siyuan, ZHANG Zhiyong, HU Chunmei, LIU Binbin, LIU Junfeng, WANG Honglin, KOU Jing, WU Jianmei 2024, 65 (11):  2733-2737.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230353 Abstract ( 57 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (1297KB) ( 201 )   In this study, the effects of disease and insect pests on nutrient composition of mulberry leaves and the growth and economic characteristics of silkworm were analyzed, and the possibility of using disease and pest affected mulberry leaves to reduce the loss of silkworm was discussed. Normal mulberry leaves, brown spot mulberry leaves and red spider insect mulberry leaves were collected to detect the nutritional components of each group. The effects of disease and pest affected mulberry leaves on silkworm were analyzed through silkworm rearing experiments. The results showed that the contents of crude fat and soluble sugar in diseased mulberry leaves were significantly higher than those in normal mulberry leaves, while the contents of total amino acid and crude fiber were significantly lower than those in normal mulberry leaves. The contents of total amino acid and crude protein in pest affected mulberry leaves were significantly higher than those in normal mulberry leaves, while the contents of crude fat and soluble sugar were significantly lower than those in normal mulberry leaves. The results of silkworm rearing experiments showed that mulberry leaves had a great effect on cocoon quality, but had no significant effect on cocoon production and growth of ten thousand silkworm. The yield of mulberry leaves was damaged by brown spot and red spider, but it still had feeding value. Timely harvest for silkworm rearing can reduce loss and increase yield. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of drinking water type basil oil-citric acid composite formulation on the production performance and gut microbiota of broiler chickens ZHANG Lei, DU Jinyue, DU Fangya 2024, 65 (11):  2738-2741.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230837 Abstract ( 48 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1130KB) ( 179 )   The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of drinking water type basil oil-citric acid composite formulation on the production performance and gut microbiota of broiler chickens. 150 3-week-old Chuzhou Sanhuang broiler chickens were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 25 chickens in each replicate. The control group drank clean water. The drinking water of the experimental group was supplemented with 0.1% basil oil-citric acid composite formulation throughout the first and fifth weeks, and did not add during the remaining time periods. Both groups were fed with mid stage complete compound feed for broiler chickens. The experimental period is a total of 7 weeks. The results showed that adding 0.1% basil oil-citric acid composite formulation to drinking water could significantly increase the average body weight and daily weight gain of broilers, increase the number of Lactobacillus in feces at week 3, and reduce the number of Escherichia coli. However, there was no effect on the number of cecal microbiota at week 7. It indicates that adding 0.1% basil oil-citric acid composite formulation to drinking water can significantly improve the production performance of broilers. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination and correlation analysis of body size, slaughter performance and meat quality of Kaihua frizzle chicken LI Jingjing, CHANG Yuguang, CHEN Jianjun, SUN Hanxue, GUO Rongbing, TIAN Yong, LI Guoqin, LU Lizhi, ZENG Tao, LIN Zhizhong 2024, 65 (11):  2742-2746.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230650 Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (1154KB) ( 185 )   In this experiment, 30 healthy chickens (15 males and 15 females) were selected at 43 weeks of age to investigate the correlation between body weight, body size, slaughter performance and meat quality, and the correlation between body weight, body size and slaughter performance was analyzed by Pearson method. The results showed that the body slope length, keel length, tibia length and tibia circumference were significantly higher in males than in females; the rates of semi-eviscerated and eviscerated were significantly higher in males than in females, but the differences in other slaughter properties were not significant; in terms of body size and slaughter performance, body weight before slaughter was strongly positively correlated with carcass weight, body slope length, breast depth, breast width, shank length semi-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight breast muscle weight and leg muscle weight. In terms of meat quality, the leg muscle color a* was significantly greater in males than in females. The test showed that the meat production performance of Kaihua frizzle roosters was higher than that of hens, the correlation between body size and slaughter performance was higher, and the leg muscle rate was higher. The results of this paper provide data support for the conservation and utilization of the local resources of Kaihua Frizzle chicken. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection of silage soybean varieties suitable for the soybean-maize strip intercropping in the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province XUE Song, YU Wenqing, YANG Hongyan, WANG Qiang, CHENG Yifan, LIANG Zhihao, LI Yuxing, GUO Aikui, XU Xiao, SHEN Huiquan, ZHANG Yinghu 2024, 65 (11):  2747-2750.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230925 Abstract ( 67 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1206KB) ( 288 )   The production of silage from soybean and maize is increasingly valued in the development of animal husbandry in Jiangsu Province. To explore the suitable silage soybean varieties for maize and soybean strip intercropping, 76 soybean materials were compared with corn Kehua 666 in a ratio of 2∶2 strip intercropping mixed silage with soybean and maize single cropping single storage. The flowering period, plant height, and yield per unit area of soybean silage were analyzed, and suitable soybean varieties were selected. The results showed that under intercropping conditions, the flowering period of soybean had a relatively small impact, and the plant height was increased to varying degrees due to the influence of shading. The silage yield of late flowering soybean significantly increased, and the total silage yield significantly increased. In summary, the mixed cropping and harvesting silage model of silage soybean and silage maize not only improves land use efficiency but also increases silage yield, which has good prospects for promotion and utilization. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of soil amendments on plant growth of Hongmeiren and soil microbial community WU Yong, ZHU Yuxiang, CHEN Yue, CHENG Zhenghong 2024, 65 (11):  2751-2757.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230504 Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (4004KB) ( 233 )   Soil acidification coupled with high contents of aluminum loads in red soils in the Southeast of China, posing a great threat to soil fertility and plant growth. The application of soil amendments is an effective way to improve acidified soil, remediate heavy metal pollution, and improve crop productivities. Here our study selected four soil amendments such as coconut, lime, biochar and plant ash, and conducted a 180-day greenhouse pot trial, to explore the effects of soil amendments on soil properties, plant growth and physiology of Hongmeiren, and soil microbial communities. The results showed that the four amendments significantly improved the soil acidification, reduced the aluminum contents, and increased soil carbon and nitrogen contents; the application of soil amendments had no significant effect on the root activity, but increased β-carotenoid contents of leaves of Hongmeiren; structure of soil bacterial community had significantly been changed, especially reducing the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas; zero model (null model) revealed that the microbial assembly process was a deterministic process rather than stochastic process. These findings indicate that soil amendments could effectively alleviate the acidification of soil, promote plant photosynthesis, increase energy substances, and change the assembly mechanism of soil microbial community. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pollution characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in a sediment core of Beiji island in Wenzhou CHEN Xingxing, LU Rongmao, LIU Weicheng, ZHOU Chaosheng 2024, 65 (11):  2758-2764.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230702 Abstract ( 55 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (3730KB) ( 118 )   In December 2022, a sediment core sample was obtained from the Beiji area of Wenzhou and analyzed for the presence of five heavy metals, namely copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr), across different sediment layers ranging from 0 to 40 cm. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to ascertain the extent of metal concentration in the samples. Results revealed that the concentrations and EF values of most heavy metals peaked or showed a high value area at around 30 cm in the subsurface layer. This observation can be attributed to the high-intensity anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals around Beiji Island during the 1980s and 1990s. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to explore the factors that control the vertical distribution of heavy metals in sediments of Beiji Island. The results showed that the key controlling factors of the five heavy metals varied. The results found that the key controlling factors for the five heavy metals varied. The inputs of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr were mainly influenced by human activities, whereas the source of the heavy metal Cd was not related to anthropogenic activities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution characteristics of farmland soil quality in alluvial plain area of lower Yangtze River based on time series HAN Linrui, HU Danyang, SU Baowei, ZHANG Yalu, ZHANG Huan, GAO Chao 2024, 65 (11):  2765-2771.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230493 Abstract ( 68 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1840KB) ( 140 )   In order to reveal the evolution trend and influencing factors of soil quality under the influence of human activities, soil chronosequence of 0, 60, 160, 280, 2 000 and 3 000 years were established in typical areas along the Yangtze River Plain in the lower reaches and the differences of soil physicochemical properties under different reclamation time and land use were analyzed. The survey results indicated that the carbonate in the surface soil was rapidly lost after reclamation, and the soil gradually changed from weakly alkaline to weakly acidic. After 3 000 years of reclamation, the pH value of the dryland soil decreases by about 2. Under the long-term rotation of water and drought, the degree of acidification is slightly lower due to the alternation of soil salinization and redox during the rice season. After a considerable period of time after reclamation, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and available nitrogen (AN) contents showed a gradual accumulation trend. While the inorganic carbon in the surface soil gradually decreased, SOC overall increased compared with before reclamation, indicating that tillage and fertilization measures are beneficial to the accumulation of SOC and nutrients to a certain extent. However, the polder areas with the longest history of reclamation have varying degrees of decrease in SOC, TN, and AN contents. Total phosphorus(TP)and available phosphorus(AP)contents increase in the early stages of reclamation, but continue to decrease in the later stages. Under the use of water drought rotation, the problem of soil phosphorus depletion is particularly prominent, indicating that the input of nutrients in the farmland in the area is in a state of varying degrees of deficiency. Under the current management mode, the degradation of soil fertility quality should be paid enough attention. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cases, problems and countermeasures for comprehensive land consolidation in the whole area—a case study of Donglin Town, Wuxing District, Huzhou City HU Zhuangjin 2024, 65 (11):  2772-2779.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230374 Abstract ( 103 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (2145KB) ( 210 )   This paper analyzed the objectives and current situation of the implementation of comprehensive land consolidation in the whole area(CLCWA) in Donglin Town, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and presented the current problems of the project in terms of reclaimed land quality, villagers' income and willingness to relocate, industry introduction, overall planning, and land circulation capacity and system. This paper argued that the area-wide land reclamation in Donglin Town has certain replicability, but innate factors such as better economic foundation, clearer land ownership, and more convenient industrial introduction also need to be considered when the approach is replicated and implemented in other places. Integrating the No. 1 Central Document in 2023 and academic views, the author proposes solutions such as the integrated development of rural elements, promoting rural land policy reform, breaking administrative division restrictions to carry out remediation in a wider area, optimizing the spatial layout of rural areas, and promoting high-quality development of rural industries. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial differentiation and coupling characteristics of multi-dimensional development of special village from the perspective of policy—3 940 characteristic villages in Zhejiang Province as an example ZHU Lixiong, YU Ning, ZHANG Xinning, CHEN Jianfeng 2024, 65 (11):  2780-2793.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230784 Abstract ( 55 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (73468KB) ( 132 )   In the past 20 years, Zhejiang Province has always insisted on deepening the “Thousand Village Demonstration and Ten Thousand Village Renovation Project” to create thousands of characteristic villages. In this paper, 16 categories and 5 194 (counting duplicative) characteristic villages officially named in Zhejiang Province were sorted out, and the development evaluation index system of characteristic villages was constructed through model method and GIS geographical analysis, and the development index of characteristic villages was obtained. Moreover, the coupling degree calculation model was used to calculate the three-dimensional and two-dimensional coupling coordination degree index to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of such characteristic villages. The results showed that the characteristic villages in Zhejiang Province can be categorized into three dimensions: residential, cultural, and tourism, with a dominant structure featuring a primary focus on residential aspects and balanced cultural and tourism dimensions. The three types of characteristic villages are generally at the medium level of development, and the leading characteristic villages account for relatively few, showing certain spatial differentiation characteristics. Among the characteristic villages in the province, 92 have realized three-dimensional fusion, 723 have realized two-dimensional fusion, and in general, they are in a high level coupling state. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thoughts and suggestions on future farm construction in Zhejiang Province ZHENG Liangyan, WU Qian, JIN Juan 2024, 65 (11):  2794-2798.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240055 Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (1114KB) ( 272 )   In recent years, Zhejiang Province has deeply integrated digital technology with agricultural technology and agronomy, innovatively explored the future farm construction model, and achieved positive results. However, in the process of construction and development, it is restricted by many factors such as people, finance, land and technology. This paper proposed that in the future construction and development of farms in Zhejiang Province, we should firmly grasp the development direction of ensuring agricultural supply, improving science and technology level, developing smart agriculture, intensive use of resources, and developing ecological agriculture. In addition, this paper also put forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as innovating the mechanism of cultivating talents, attracting talents and retaining talents, optimizing the management of facility agricultural land, strengthening the investment in technology research and development, exploring the mode of green financial service, and building a standardized construction system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The progress of fertilizer reduction in Wenzhou and the development of new stage ZHANG Jiajia, HUANG Xiangyu 2024, 65 (11):  2799-2803.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230856 Abstract ( 80 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (1240KB) ( 279 )   During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, the state has put forward higher requirements for the reduction of chemical fertilizer: By 2025, the application amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer in the country has achieved a steady decline, and the fertilizer utilization rate of the three major food crops has reached 43%. At present, Wenzhou has achieved a continuous decrease in the amount of agricultural fertilizer, an increase in the proportion of formula fertilizer, a gradual optimization of fertilizer structure, a fertilizer intensity lower than the average level in Zhejiang Province, and positive results in fertilizer reduction through technical approaches such as soil testing and formula fertilization, fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase and fertilizer quota. In order to carry out the fertilizer reduction work in Wenzhou in the new stage, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the process of fertilizer reduction, such as the bottleneck of technology landing, the need to further improve the policy support, and the weak promotion system of grassroots agricultural technicians. Based on the experience of fertilizer reduction in developed countries, the feasibility of continuously promoting fertilizer reduction in Wenzhou in the new stage was put forward, and the development direction of fertilizer reduction was pointed out by reducing fertilizer application intensity. In combination with the actual situation of Wenzhou, countermeasures and suggestions for fertilizer reduction in the next stage were further proposed. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Countermeasures and suggestions of forestry technology extension under the background of common prosperity in Zhejiang Province FANG Guojing, FENG Bojie, HE Zhen, LI Nan, WANG Zongxing, SHANG Tianqi, LIU Xinhong, ZHANG Jun 2024, 65 (11):  2804-2808.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240337 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (1226KB) ( 250 )   In this paper, the outstanding achievements of forestry technology extension in Zhejiang Province in the construction of extension system, transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, improvement of forest technology service network and forestry science popularization were introduced from the perspective of supporting the construction of common prosperity. The challenges in the popularization of forestry technology were analyzed from the problems existing in the transformation of results, the strength of grass-roots extension team, demonstration base and digital construction. Some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, such as accelerating the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, perfecting the extension system of forestry technology, deepening the integration of forestry production and education, strengthening the popularization of forestry science and technology, and promoting the digital reform of forestry technology extension. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the cooperation prospects between China and Pakistan in the field of agricultural resources and environment DENG Meihua, WANG Jie, FENG Ying, CAI Zihua, HUANG Chunlei, LU Xinzhe, LI Mengqi, RUKHSANDA Aziz, MUHAMMAD Tariq Rafiq, MUHAMMAD Umar Shahbaz, ZHU Youwei, SUN Caixia 2024, 65 (11):  2809-2812.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231168 Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (1391KB) ( 148 )   The agricultural resources recycling utilizing and environment protecting is important to achieve sustainable agricultural development. Based on the field study and literature review, this paper systematically analyzed the current situation of agricultural resources and environment in Pakistan, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages and cooperation prospects between China and Pakistan in the aspects of agricultural resources sharing, soil quality improvement, heavy metal pollution control, non-point source pollution prevention, agricultural biomass resource utilization, etc. under the background of the “Belt and Road”, providing insight knowledge for the cooperation between China and Pakistan in agriculture and sustainable development. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics