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Effects of optimizing fertilization on the yield and nutrient utilization efficiency of Yongyou 1540 WANG Xuefeng, MA Liya, HU Zefan, HUANG Yimian, LI Xiao, YE Tingyun, YE Xuezhu, CHEN De Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (6): 1328-1332.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250231 Abstract （1154）   HTML （25）    PDF （1577KB）（732）       Knowledge map    The irrational application of chemical fertilizers is one of the major issues in China's agricultural environment. Exploring region-specific fertilizer reduction technologies, determining appropriate reduction ratios, and improving fertilizer use efficiency are of significant importance. In this study, the late rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 was used as experimental material. A field experiment was conducted with five treatments: no fertilization (CK), no nitrogen (N0), no phosphorus (P0), no potassium (K0), and optimized fertilization (NPK). The effects of different treatments on rice yield, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer utilization efficiency were investigated.The results showed that there was no significant difference in rice yield between CK and N0 treatments. Similarly, no significant differences were observed among P0, K0, and NPK treatments, but their yields were significantly higher than those of CK and N0. Compared with CK, the P0, K0, and NPK treatments increased rice yield by 25.1%, 22.2%, and 24.7%, respectively; straw biomass increased by 27.9%, 31.4%, and 25.0%, respectively; grain nitrogen content increased by 35.8%, 33.7%, and 37.4%, respectively; and straw nitrogen content increased by 102.4%, 60.7%, and 79.3%, respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer use efficiencies were 44.9%, 8.9%, and 25.2%, respectively. This study demonstrates that, under the current experimental conditions, nitrogen is the decisive factor affecting rice yield, whereas phosphorus and potassium exhibit no significant yield-increasing effects. Future fertilization strategies should prioritize ensuring nitrogen supply while reducing phosphorus and potassium application rates. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the current status and variation trend of the cultivated land quality in Zhejiang Province under long-term location monitoring LIAN Zhenghua, CHEN Yiding, KONG Haimin, CHEN Hongjin Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (8): 2002-2007.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240618 Abstract （1108）   HTML （27）    PDF （1671KB）（500）       Knowledge map    Based on the monitored data of cultivated land quality from the monitoring sites during the period of 2009-2022, this study performed analysis of the current status of the soil quality of cultivated land in Zhejiang Province, and evaluated the variation trend of the contents of soil nutrients in the cultivated land. The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the topsoil at the monitoring sites were at a high level, with high levels of available phosphorus and medium levels of available potassium. Among them, for the paddy field monitoring sites, the average contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus were at a relatively high level, while the available potassium was at a medium to lower level. For the dryland monitoring sites, the average contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen were at a relatively high level, while the average contents of available phosphorus and available potassium is at a high level. In addition, the results of 14 years of consecutive monitoring showed that as a whole, soil fertility of paddy field performed a stable and upward trend, however, deficiencies of phosphorus and potassium commonly occurred. Besides, we found an improvement in soil fertility of dryland field, especially an obvious increase in soil organic matter and enrichment of soil phosphorus and potassium content. Howerer, the acidification degree of drylands was higher than that of paddy fields, and it had a tendency to intensify. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out works (e.g., soil testing and formula fertilization, and fertilizer quota system) to achieve a balance of soil nutrients. At the same time, soil acidification management is needed to suppress the acidification process of cultivated land. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quality differences of Polygonatum filipes in different growth years ZHANG Jinjun, CHEN Yaqing, ZHU Huanzhi, XIA Huili Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (7): 1612-1615.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250294 Abstract （1000）   HTML （7）    PDF （1149KB）（524）       Knowledge map    This study investigated the effects of different growth years on the quality of Polygonatum filipes cultivated at the Tiantai planting base in Zhejiang Province. One-way ANOVA was used to compare differences in alcohol-soluble extracts, polysaccharides, saponins, and total phenols content among samples of varying growth years. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to evaluate overall quality variations. Results showed significant differences in the content of these components across growth years. Alcohol-soluble extracts in 2- and 4-year-old samples were significantly higher than those in 1-, 3-, and 5-year-old samples. Polysaccharide content initially increased with growth years (1-4 years) but declined from the 4th to 5th year. Saponins and total phenols increased with growth years and stabilized between the 4th and 5th years. It indicated that 4-year-old Polygonatum filipes exhibited the highest quality. These findings suggest that the optimal harvesting time for Polygonatum filipes in this region is four years. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different fertilization dose before and after topping on yield and quality of rapeseed WANG Nuan, SHAO Ting, WU Meijuan, HUANG Hongming, ZHANG Yanan Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (6): 1333-1337.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240772 Abstract （959）   HTML （9）    PDF （1143KB）（675）       Knowledge map    To study the effects of different fertilization dose before and after topping on the yield and quality of rapeseed, a related experiment was conducted in Lanxi City from 2023 to 2024. The rapeseed shoots were processed into dried pickled vegetable, and their nutritional components were analyzed. The results showed that topping delayed the growth period of rapeseed, reduced plant height, and increased the protein content of rapeseed. As the fertilization dose increased before and after topping, the growth period was correspondingly delayed, the number of primary branches slightly increased, the number of pods per plant showed no clear trend, and the overall rapeseed yield tended to increase. In summary, when urea application was ≥7.5 kg per 667 m2 either on 5 days before topping or on the day of topping, the rapeseed yield was higher, and the comprehensive benefits of the rapeseed field were improved. The dried pickled vegetable made from rapeseed shoots have high nutritional value and are worth further promotion. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of cultivated land fertility in typical hilly mountainous areas of Southwestern Zhejiang WANG Huilai, WANG Yin, WU Dongtao, YE Zhengqian Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (8): 2008-2014.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240199 Abstract （954）   HTML （5）    PDF （2845KB）（507）       Knowledge map    By collecting and analyzing typical soil samples from the mountainous areas of Southwes tern Zhejiang, this study comprehensively investigated soil nutrient status and cultivated land fertility, providing a scienjpgic basis for the sustainable utilization of farmland in mountainous regions. The geographic information system, comprehensive fertility index, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were integrated to explore small-scale soil nutrient characteristics, evaluate cultivated land fertility, and idenjpgy dominant factors. The results indicated that, soil pH value was generally strongly acidic, while organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium levels were relatively high. Soil bulk density, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and water-soluble salt content were within moderate ranges. Soil pH values were concentrated in grades Ⅳ-Ⅵ. Organic matter content were mainly in grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus levels were predominantly in grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Available potassium levels were mainly in grades Ⅰ-Ⅳ. The average comprehensive fertility index was 0.68, with grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ, and grade Ⅲ cultivated lands accounting for 0.70%, 75.90%, and 23.40% of the total area, respectively. Correlation analysis and PCA revealed that soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were the core determinants of cultivated land fertility. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different improvement measures on soil fertility and crop yield in reclaimed Lei bamboo forest BU Aiai, HU Juanxin, FANG Shuqin, XUE Zhaokun, YU Keru, FANG Xianzhi, MA Jiawei, LIU Dan, YE Zhengqian Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (12): 3066-3072.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240331 Abstract （950）   HTML （4）    PDF （2967KB）（276）       Knowledge map    To investigate the effects of different improvement measures on soil fertility and crop yield in reclaimed Lei bamboo forest, a rotation experiment was conducted with three treatments: control (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), and comprehensive measures (CM). Results showed that soil physicochemical properties were influenced not only by the different treatments but also by the crop season and their interactions. By the harvest of the third crop season, no significant differences were observed among the treatments in terms of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter content and pH value. Both CF and CM treatments increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi while reducing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Over the three crop seasons, both CF and CM treatments enhanced crop yield. This study provides effective strategies and a theoretical basis for improving reclaimed farmland. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of chemical fertilizer replaced by biogas slurry on the agronomic traits and yield of rice LI Chengwei, WEI Haimin, LIU Sheng, MENG Denghui, ZHOU Chenhui Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (9): 2090-2095.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250133 Abstract （943）   HTML （9）    PDF （3310KB）（484）       Knowledge map    To clarify the effects of chemical fertilizer replaced by biogas slurry on the growth, development, and yield of different rice types, conventional japonica rice Nangeng 5718 and hybrid indica rice Quanyou 169 were used as materials for experiments. Treatments included partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry and complete replacement of chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry, with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment as the control (CF). The effects of different fertilization dose and timing on rice traits such as tillering dynamics, plant height, dry matter weight, and yield were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the CF treatment, T1 treatment had no significant effect on the plant height of both rice varieties but reduced their tiller number. Treatments T2-T4 significantly increased the plant height and tiller number of both varieties. Treatments T1-T4 had no significant effect on the length of the first and second internodes for both varieties (except the T3 treatment for Quanyou 169), but increased stem and leaf weight, panicle weight, and total weight for both varieties. Compared with the CF treatment, all treatments with replacement of chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry biogas increased the yield of both rice varieties. Specifically, treatments T2-T4 increased yield by 7.9%-19.1% for Quanyou 169 and 8.7%-17.5% for Nangeng 5718, primarily by increasing the number of effective panicles. For Nangeng 5718, T4 treatment significantly increased 29.9% in grains per panicle compared with T3 treatment due to staged fertilization. For both varieties, the T3 treatment improved the seed-setting rate compared with T2 treatment due to additional grain fertilizer. In conclusion, chemical fertilizers replaced by biogas slurry can increase yield while reducing chemical fertilizer usage, providing a scientific basis for the resource utilization of biogas slurry and green rice cultivation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of rice-red claw crayfish co-culture on soil nutrients and carbon pool in reclaimed paddy fields XU Lingwei, XU Jinqing, JIANG Jing, LIU Xiao, CHEN Fan, GUO Shuirong, LIANG Xiao, TANG Jinyu, HUANG Fuyong, LOU Bao, ZHANG Yu Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (8): 1824-1828.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240427 Abstract （912）   HTML （421）    PDF （1881KB）（548）       Knowledge map    This study investigated the impacts of the rice-red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) co-culture system on soil fertility and carbon pool in reclaimed paddy fields. The experiment included a control group (rice monoculture) and an experimental group (rice-crayfish co-culture). Results showed that during the jointing stage, the experimental group exhibited significantly higher soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic carbon content compared with the control group. At the rice maturity stage, soil organic matter and organic carbon content in the experimental group also increased significantly. However, the co-culture system had no significant effect on soil pH value. In conclusion, the rice-red claw crayfish co-culture system significantly improved soil fertility during both the jointing and maturity stages in reclaimed paddy fields, contributing to the stabilization of the carbon pool. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection and evaluation of water-saving and drought-resistant rice adaptability in newly (reclaimed) cultivated land in mountainous and hilly areas HU Tiejun, ZHOU Fei, JIN Shuquan, WANG Feng, CHEN Yutiao Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (9): 2084-2089.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250392 Abstract （911）   HTML （12）    PDF （1256KB）（454）       Knowledge map    To screen high-yield rice varieties suitable for cultivation in newly (reclaimed) hilly and mountainous farmland in Ningbo, nine water-saving and drought-resistant rice (WDR) varieties were evaluated. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively assess the correlation and differences in yield components and rice quality indicators among the varieties. The results showed that yield, head rice rate, chalkiness and gel consistency had high coefficients of variation, making them important factors for evaluating the comprehensive performance of WDR. Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between milled rice rate and seed-setting rate, while a highly significant negative correlation was observed between length-to-width ratio and both chalkiness and amylose content. It was suggested that improving the seed-setting rate enhanced rice processing quality, while increasing the length-to-width ratio improved appearance and cooking quality. Cluster analysis categorized the nine WDR varieties into four groups. Group Ⅳ, comprising three varieties, including Hanyou 737, Hanyou 73, and Hanyou 786, exhibited high yield, superior milling quality, and improved appearance quality. Based on principal component analysis composite scores, the top three varieties were Hanyou 786, Hanyou 737, and Hanyou 73, which were recommended for cultivation in newly (reclaimed) hilly areas of Ningbo. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation and countermeasures of citrus fertilization in Zhejiang Province QIU Yunfeng, CHEN Yupei, SHAN Yingjie, LU Ruohui Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (9): 2176-2180.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250281 Abstract （871）   HTML （9）    PDF （1360KB）（412）       Knowledge map    In order to clarify the current situation of citrus fertilization in Zhejiang Province, analyze the differences of farmers’ fertilization levels, and explore the path of scientific nutrient management of citrus, this study investigated 367 planting entities in Zhejiang Province in 2024. The survey content includes fertilizer types, fertilizer dosage, application time, application methods, sowing area, farmers’ information, etc., and analyzed the citrus fertilization level with reference to the current Zhejiang fertilizer application limit standard. The results showed that the fertilization level of citrus in Zhejiang Province tended to be scientific and reasonable, and the average amount of chemical fertilizer decreased significantly, but there were also some problems, such as the low proportion of organic fertilizer and formula fertilizer, conservative fertilization methods, and huge differences in fertilizer use among different planting subjects. In the future, we still need to continue to strengthen the policy support of organic fertilizer and formula fertilizer, increase the subsidy of efficient fertilization machinery, and do a good job in scientific fertilization policy and technical training and promotion for small and medium-sized farmers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of nitrogen application level and intercropping sweet potato on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities of flue-cured tobacco ZHANG Shuhao, WANG Yujie, HE Bing, DU Jingshan, GE Menglong, WANG Hui, HE Mengying, JIAO Nianyuan, GAO Jiakai, WANG Yanfang, DENG Xuxian, LIU Ling Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (9): 2117-2125.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240423 Abstract （840）   HTML （3）    PDF （3511KB）（346）       Knowledge map    To investigate the effects of nitrogen application levels and intercropping with sweet potato on the growth, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities of flue-cured tobacco, a pot experiment simulating field planting was conducted using flue-cured tobacco variety LY1306 and sweet potato variety Pushu 32. The experiment included two planting patterns (A1, flue-cured tobacco monoculture; A2, flue-cured tobacco and sweet potato intercropping) and four nitrogen application levels (N0, no nitrogen; N1, 0.64 g·pot-1; N2, 0.80 g·pot-1; N3, 0.96 g·pot-1), resulting in a total of 8 treatments. The differences in agronomic traits, root morphological parameters, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments were studied. The results showed that on 60 days after transplanting, under the same nitrogen lapplication evel, compared with monocultured flue-cured tobacco, intercropped flue-cured tobacco exhibited increases in plant height, maximum leaf area, aboveground dry weight, root dry weight, root tip number, root volume, SPAD value, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), by 1.93%-10.24%, 5.01%-14.23%, 23.65%-45.83%, 32.43%-53.75%, 4.62%-16.74%, 5.92%-27.82%, 0.42%-6.28%, and 9.39%-32.55%, respectively. All these above measured parameters reached their maximum values at the N2 level. Although the values at the N1 level were lower than those at the N3 level, there were no significant differences between them. The activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in the leaves of intercropped tobacco were 3.93%-19.13% and 3.03%-5.74% higher than those in monocultured flue cured tobacco, respectively, and both enzyme activities gradually increased with increasing nitrogen application rate, reaching their highest values at the N3 level. Under the conditions of this experiment, both nitrogen application level and planting pattern had significant or highly significant effects on the agronomic traits, photosynthetic parameters, and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities of flue-cured tobacco. However, their interaction of two factors had a significant or highly significant effect only on root tip number, root volume, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr). Overall, under the tobacco-sweet potato intercropping system in the rainfed areas of western Henan, a nitrogen application rate of 48-60 kg·hm-2 was sufficient to meet the normal growth and development requirements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of effect of various fertilization patterns on soil phosphatase and its functional genes LI Hui, LIN Jitong, SHAO Qi, LOU Yanhong, WANG Hui, YANG Quangang, PAN Hong, ZHUGE Yuping Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (8): 2032-2038.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240642 Abstract （792）   HTML （5）    PDF （1233KB）（417）       Knowledge map    Although the total phosphorus content in soil is generally high, about 95% of phosphorus cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Meanwhile, phosphorus mining resources are limited and can't be reproduced. There could be a seriously potential phosphorus crisis in the future with the increasing of the population and the demand for food. Therefore, activating the insoluble phosphorus in soil, improving the phosphorus bioavailability of soil and efficiently utilizing potential phosphorus resources in soil are of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture. In this review, the changes of phosphorus components, phoD and pqqc gene abundance and phosphatase in soil with different fertilization patterns in farmland in the past five years were summarized. In order to provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the relevant mechanism of phosphorus conversion, reducing phosphorus loss and improving phosphate fertilizer utilization, the key influencing factors of soil phosphorus conversion were sorted out, the microbial mechanism of phosphorus conversion by different fertilization patterns and the regulatory factors of microbial phosphorus activation process were compared, and the influence of different phosphorus sources on the soil environment was analyzed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different varieties and transplanting densities on salt tolerance, root system, and yield of rice in coastal saline-alkali land GAN Yingying, QIU Gaoyang, GUO Bin, FU Qinglin, ZHANG Junbo, LIU Junli, CHEN Xiaodong Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (6): 1308-1314.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250034 Abstract （773）   HTML （29）    PDF （1971KB）（783）       Knowledge map    The effects of 3 rice varieties(Yueyou 938, Zhongyou 208 and Xieyou 205) and transplanting density on salt tolerance, root distribution and yield of rice were studied in Hangzhou Bay coastal saline-alkali land. The results showed that after treatment with 6 g·L-1 NaCl solution, the salt tolerance index of root of Yueyou 938, Zhongyou 208 and Xieyou 205 was greater than 70%, and the salt tolerance index of bud was greater than 80%. After treatment with 10 g·L-1 NaCl solution, only the salt tolerance index of root of Xieyou 205 was greater than 60%, while the salt tolerance index of buds was greater than 70%, so Xieyou 205 was identified as a salt-tolerant variety. The root biomass, root length density and rice yield were the highest with the basic seedling number of 450 000 per hm2 when the basic seedling number was 150 000, 300 000, 450 000 and 600 000 seedlings per hm2. Therefore, Xieyou 205 is a suitable rice variety for planting in Hangzhou Bay coastal saline-alkali land, and the basic number of seedlings suitable for planting is 450 000 per hm2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of biochar application on rice growth and cadmium content under water deficiency conditions SHI Haojie, LI Shuai, MA Jiawei, YE Zhengqian, FU Liqing, WANG Xudong Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (7): 1570-1577.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240748 Abstract （717）   HTML （15）    PDF （1215KB）（621）       Knowledge map    In the context of global climate warming, drought disasters have a severe impact on rice cultivation in China, and water deficiency during critical growth periods can lead to increased cadmium (Cd) absorption in rice grains. This study conducted field experiments in a Cd-contaminated agricultural area, setting up four treatments: control (water deficiency + no biochar application), water deficiency + low biochar application (3 000 kg·hm-2), water deficiency + medium biochar application (6 000 kg·hm-2), and water deficiency + high biochar application (9 000 kg·hm-2). The aim was to investigate the effects of biochar application under water deficiency conditions on rice growth, Cd content in different parts of the plant, and the concentrations of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) in the grains, as well as the physicochemical properties of the soil. The results showed that compared with control, the application of different amounts of biochar increased soil pH value by 0.28 to 0.46; total nitrogen, available phosphorus, readily available potassium, and organic matter contents in the soil increased by 6.82%-25.76%, 10.33%-40.79%, 10.36%-21.80%, and 24.92%-36.02%, respectively. The effective Cd content in the medium biochar application treatment significantly decreased by 44.12% compared with the control (P<0.05). Compared with the control treatment, the height, thousand-grain weight, panicle length, and yield of rice increased by 2.44%-3.83%, 3.17%-5.50%, 3.19%-4.11%, and 3.03%-5.19%, respectively. The Cd content in the rice grains from the medium and high biochar application treatments decreased significantly by 52.38% and 42.86% (P<0.05) when compared to the control, while the As content in the grains from the medium biochar application treatment was reduced by 18.92% (P<0.05). In summary, applying biochar at a rate of 6 000 kg·hm-2 can serve as an effective measure to promote rice growth, improve soil fertility, and reduce Cd content in rice grains under water deficiency conditions, thereby ensuring the safe production of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's regulations on the limits of toxic and harmful substances in plant-based foods HUANG Xiongjun, YI Rong, PAN Fang, ZHANG Haiyan, LI Min, LIAO Rongjun, WEN Qiaoling, ZHANG Wang Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (9): 2078-2083.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240713 Abstract （705）   HTML （19）    PDF （1157KB）（280）       Knowledge map    Pollutant control is an important technical means to improve the quality of plant-based foods. To understand the regulatory requirements of the United States for contaminants in imported plant-based foods, this article interpreted the document issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): “Industry Guidelines: Action Levels for Toxic or Hazardous Substances in Human Food and Animal Feed”. The management requirements for six highly toxic pesticides and aflatoxin were mainly sorted out. By comparing with relevant standards in China, it was found that there are two regulations in China and the United States that have significant differences. One is the limit of aflatoxin. The US guidelines stipulate that the action level is 20 μg·kg-1, while the limit range in China is 5-20 μg·kg-1. One is pesticide residues. The United States has restrictions on pesticide residues in popcorn, while China has not yet set such limits. The limit of aflatoxin in domestic lotus seeds is 10 μg·kg-1. However, due to moisture exposure during harvesting or storage and transportation, they are prone to mold, and the export risk is relatively high. This risk can be reduced by strengthening quality control and reinforcing standards. For instance, popcorn intended for export can avoid the risk of spot checks by the United States through pre-inspection of pesticide residues. The innovative study in this article helps enterprises predict the risks of food exports and take control measures to improve the compliance of agricultural products exported to the United States. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Key technical points of direct seeding cultivation for ratoon rice LIU Weiwei, LIN Guanghao, YI Jianqun, HE Shuiqing Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (7): 1587-1591.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231224 Abstract （699）   HTML （9）    PDF （1150KB）（554）       Knowledge map    Planting ratoon rice is a primary agricultural system model for large-scale grain growers in Changshan County. Currently, three cultivation modes are practiced for ratoon rice in Changshan County: semi-arid seedling raising with manual transplanting, mechanical transplanting, and direct seeding. Growers select appropriate cultivation methods based on actual conditions. To meet the technical demands of direct seeding for ratoon rice, experiments on variety comparison, seeding rate, and fertilizer application rate were conducted. Through investigations into production techniques for direct seeding cultivation, a technical system for ratoon rice direct seeding cultivation was summarized, providing a technical reference for its promotion in suitable regions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Indoor toxicity and synergistic effect of 5 fungicides on twig blight disease of bayberry CHEN Liping, SHANG Liangting, LIU Xiaoling, XU Mingfei, REN Haiying, ZHOU Qianqian, WU Changxing Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (8): 1956-1961.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250200 Abstract （682）   HTML （13）    PDF （1169KB）（377）       Knowledge map    To screen suitable fungicides and their mixtures for controlling twig blight disease of bayberry, the mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the toxicity of five fungicides (triadimenol, triadimefon, flutriafol, tebuconazole, and trifloxystrobin) against the pathogens of twig blight disease. Additionally, the combined toxicity of tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin mixtures was evaluated. The toxicity of the five fungicides against the YS26 strain of the pathogen, ranked from highest to lowest, was as follows: tebuconazole > trifloxystrobin > triadimenol > flutriafol > triadimefon. For the XJ27 strain, the ranking was: tebuconazole > trifloxystrobin > flutriafol > triadimenol > triadimefon. The combination of tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin exhibited additive or synergistic effects against both YS26 and XJ27 strains. At a mass ratio of 3∶1 (tebuconazole∶trifloxystrobin), the mixture showed synergistic effects against both strains, with synergistic coefficients of 1.597 2 and 1.715 9, respectively. Other ratios demonstrated additive effects or synergy against a single strain. The 3∶1 mass ratio of tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin exhibited strong in vitro activity against bayberry twig blight disease, making it a promising candidate for field application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of lodging resistance and yield of two ethephon compound agents on maize varieties LI Chunlin, ZHANG Huiyu, LI Changjian, LI Yuling, XU Guoju, REN Li, LU Ruiqian, WANG Liangfa Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (8): 1962-1970.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250359 Abstract （676）   HTML （4）    PDF （9118KB）（519）       Knowledge map    Taking Zhengdan 958, Xianyu 335, Yudan 132, Xundan 20, Lianchuang 808 and Dingyou 163 as materials, the effects of two ethephon compound agents on lodging resistance and yield of different maize varieties in different ecological regions were studied. The results showed that the lodging resistance is obviously improved after the application of the two chemicals. The lodging risk of Xundan 20 was reduced by 6.1 percentage points after applying 6-BA·ETH chemical control agent, and that of Zhengdan 958 was reduced by 6.2 percentage points after applying DTA-6·ETH chemical control agent. The ear position coefficient of Lianchuang 808 decreased by 9.8 percentage points after applying DTA-6·ETH in Shangqiu, and that of Dingyou 163 decreased by 11.3 percentage points after applying 6-BA·ETH in Zhumadian. At the same time, the puncture strength of the stem was enhanced. After different chemical control treatments, the phenotypic traits such as ear length, ear diameter and rows were not significantly different in the same variety, but the grain number per row, thousand kernel weight and yield were significantly different among treatments and years. In addition, the yield performance of maize varieties after chemical control treatment varied in different regions. The effect of applying chemical control agent DTA-6·ETH in Hebi, Zhoukou and Zhumadian was better than that of chemical control agent 6-BA·ETH, with an average increase of 4.22%, 8.41% and 5.67% compared with CK, and the effect of applying chemical control agent 6-BA·ETH in Shangqiu, Nanyang and Changge is better than that of chemical control agent DTA-6·ETH, with an average increase of 6.96%, 7.54% and 5.56% compared with CK. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of soaking seeds in gibberellic acid·indol-3-ylacetic acid·28-epihomobrassinolide on the germination of calabash gourd seeds and the growth of seedlings XIANG Binghan, HE Jie, CAI Xinyi, PAN Sufeng, YAN Chengjin, GAO Liuxiao, CHEN Jiajia, YU Yangbo, ZHANG Zhen, YU Haibing Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (8): 1871-1876.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240395 Abstract （666）   HTML （6）    PDF （4645KB）（416）       Knowledge map    To determine the effect of different plant growth regulators on seed germination and seedling growth of calabash gourd, the germination rate of calabash gourd seeds treated with five plant growth regulators was measured using a double-layer filter paper cultivation method under indoor conditions. Under plastic greenhouse production conditions, pot experiments were conducted to determine the effects of soaking seeds in different concentrations of gibberellic acid·indol-3-ylacetic acid·28-epihomobrassinolide, gibberellic acid, water for 16 h on seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index of calabash gourd seeds. The aboveground fresh weight, root weight, plant height, root length and stem base width of the seedlings were also measured. The results showed that 0.4, 4.0 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid and 1.0 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid·indol-3-ylacetic acid·28-epihomobrassinolide could promote the germination of calabash gourd seeds under indoor conditions. Under plastic greenhouse production conditions, 0.5 and 1.0 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid·indol-3-ylacetic acid·28-epihomobrassinolide could improve the seed germination rate, germination index and vitality index of calabash gourd seedlings. In addition, 0.5 and 1.0 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid·indol-3-ylacetic acid·28-epihomobrassinolide promoted seed coat shedding and helped the true leaves to stretch in time. 0.5 and 1.0 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid·indol-3-ylacetic acid·28-epihomobrassinolide promoted the growth of calabash gourd seedlings, and were significantly superior to other methods in aboveground fresh weight, root weight, plant height, root length and stem base width. In summary, soaking seeds in 0.5 and 1.0 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid·indol-3-ylacetic acid·28-epihomobrassinolide for 16 h before sowing can promote the germination of calabash gourd seeds and the growth of seedlings, which is recommended to promote the application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of excellent heat-resistant and fast-growing varieties of Chinese cabbage and their green cultivation techniques YUE Zhichen, ZHAO Yanting, TAO Peng, LEI Juanli, LI Biyuan, HU Qizan Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences    2025, 66 (8): 1877-1881.   DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20241000 Abstract （657）   HTML （8）    PDF （7440KB）（497）       Knowledge map    In order to select excellent fast-growing Chinese cabbage varieties suitable for cultivation during the summer high temperature period in Zhejiang Province, 16 Chinese cabbage varieties were introduced for comparative production experiments during the summer high temperature period and laboratory high temperature simulation experiments, and their main botanical and yield traits were investigated. The results showed that the seedling-type Chinese cabbages varieties Zaoshu 8, Zheyan Lvjian, Shenrong Huojian Kuaicai, and the pakchoi varieties Xinfu Rekang Wang and Jinpin Yanxiu exhibited superior performance in terms of commercial value, yield, and resistance. These varieties are suitable for cultivation and promotion in Zhejiang Province during the summer. Additionally, a suite of green cultivation techniques was integrated, encompassing water and fertilizer management, facility environment regulation, and pest and disease prevention and control. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics