浙江农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (11): 2617-2622.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230869

• 果树与蔬菜 • 上一篇    下一篇

专用生物有机肥对衰弱症杨梅土壤改良及果实品质提升的作用

洪磊东1(), 洪春来1, 朱为静1, 朱凤香1, 王卫平1, 张淑文2, 孙鹂2, 邹秀琴3, 戚行江2, 姚燕来1,*()   

  1. 1.浙江省农业科学院 环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江 杭州 310021
    2.浙江省农业科学院 园艺研究所,浙江 杭州 310021
    3.青田县农业农村局,浙江 青田 323900
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-21 出版日期:2024-11-11 发布日期:2024-11-15
  • 通讯作者: 姚燕来(1981—),男,浙江宁波人,研究员,博士,从事废弃物资源利用及生物有机肥研究工作,E-mail:yaoyl@zaas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:洪磊东(1990—),男,浙江金华人,助理研究员,博士,从事土壤微生物资源利用及生物有机肥研究工作,E-mail:hongld@zaas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省重点研发计划(2021C02009);浙江省重点研发计划(2020C02001);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划(2022SNJF031);东魁杨梅老园更新技术研究(JBGS2022-HYNY0105)

Effect of specialized bio-organic fertilizer on soil improvement and fruit quality enhancement in declined Chinese bayberry

HONG Leidong1(), HONG Chunlai1, ZHU Weijing1, ZHU Fengxiang1, WANG Weiping1, ZHANG Shuwen2, SUN Li2, ZOU Xiuqin3, QI Xingjiang2, YAO Yanlai1,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
    2. Institute of Horticultural Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
    3. Qingtian County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Qingtian 323900, Zhejiang
  • Received:2023-05-21 Online:2024-11-11 Published:2024-11-15

摘要:

近年来出现的杨梅新型衰弱症可导致树体落叶、死亡,并降低杨梅果实品质和产量。施用针对性的生物有机肥或可解决由此衰弱症状导致的问题。该研究基于前期调查,针对杨梅果树生长的特殊营养需求,研发并施用以商品蚕沙为有机肥载体,分别复配以地衣芽孢杆菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、叶状微杆菌为主的微生物菌群而成的3种专用生物有机肥初级产品,通过对患衰弱症树体的根际土壤性质、杨梅果实相关指标的测定,探究专用生物有机肥初级产品对土壤改良以及果实品质提升的作用。结果表明,相较于施用复合肥的对照组,施用3种生物有机肥初级产品均可改善杨梅种植土壤的酸化问题,使土壤pH值有效提高约0.2;增加土壤有效态氮、有效态磷、有效态钾含量,并保持土壤有机质含量,显著提升土壤肥力。同时,杨梅果实中可溶性固形物含量分别提高1.44、1.70、1.47百分点,最大单果重达22.5 g,且果实硬度降低、口感提升。以上研究为研发杨梅专用生物有机肥从而降低杨梅新型衰弱症造成的不利影响提供理论和应用基础。

关键词: 杨梅, 杨梅衰弱症, 专用生物有机肥, 土壤改良, 果实品质

Abstract:

The newly emerging bayberry decline disease can cause leaf drop, tree death, and decrease fruit quality and yield. There may be a solution to this decline syndrome by applying bio-organic fertilizers. In this study, three types of bio-organic fertilizer prototypes were developed and applied based on preliminary investigation and considering the special nutrient needs of bayberry trees. The organic fertilizer carrier used in these prototypes was silkworm, which was co-inoculated with Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus velezensis, and Microbacterium phyllosphaerae. The effects of these bio-organic fertilizer prototypes on soil improvement and fruit quality enhancement were investigated by measuring the rhizosphere soil properties and fruit of declined trees. The results showed that compared with the control group, all three bio-organic fertilizers could increase the soil pH value by about 0.2, and could alleviate the soil acidification problem. They also increased the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil while maintaining soil organic matter content. In addition, the soluble solids content in bayberry fruits increased by 1.44, 1.70, 1.47 percentage points, respectively, with the maximum single fruit weight reaching 22.5 g. The fruit hardness was reduced, and the taste was improved. This study provides a theoretical and application basis for the development of specialized bio-organic fertilizers for bayberry to mitigate the adverse effects of the newly emerged bayberry decline symptoms.

Key words: bayberry, bayberry decline symptom, specialized bio-organic fertilizer, soil improvement, fruit quality

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