浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (8): 1938-1943.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240099

• 植保技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦赤霉病毒素污染防治技术研究

寿林飞1(), 李春缘2, 朱建振3, 邱海萍2, 柴荣耀2, 张震2,*()   

  1. 1.浙江省植保检疫与农药管理总站,浙江 杭州 310009
    2.浙江省农业科学院 植物保护与微生物研究所,浙江 杭州 310021
    3.杭州市西湖区农业技术推广服务中心,浙江 杭州 310013
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-02 出版日期:2025-08-11 发布日期:2025-09-04
  • 通讯作者: 张震(1978—),男,浙江平湖人,助理研究员,从事粮食作物病害防控技术研究,E-mail:zhangz@zaas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:寿林飞(1979—),男,浙江诸暨人,高级农艺师,从事植保检疫与农药管理工作,E-mail:lfshou@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2022SNJF012);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2023SNJF033)

Study on the control of toxin contamination from Fusarium head blight

SHOU Linfei1(), LI Chunyuan2, ZHU Jianzhen3, QIU Haiping2, CHAI Rongyao2, ZHANG Zhen2,*()   

  1. 1. Zhejiang Station of Plant Protection Quarantine and Pesticide Management, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang
    2. Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
    3. Xihu District Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang
  • Received:2024-02-02 Online:2025-08-11 Published:2025-09-04

摘要:

小麦赤霉病除直接造成小麦产量损失外,其病原菌可产生多种真菌毒素污染小麦籽粒,引发食品安全问题。因此,提高小麦赤霉病的防控水平,加强赤霉病毒素治理技术的开发和应用尤为迫切。本研究选用当前主流的小麦赤霉病防治药剂,探索了它们在病害防治和毒素污染防控方面的应用效果。2年试验结果显示,40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇悬浮剂600 mL·hm-2或200 g·L-1氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂900 mL·hm-2+ 250 g·L-1丙环唑乳油600 mL·hm-2 组合在小麦扬花初期喷雾处理对小麦赤霉病防治效果在77.0%以上,毒素DON控制在700 μg·kg-1以下,毒素ZEN控制在200 μg·kg-1以下。在首次药后7 d增加第2次防治,各处理的防治效果未有明显增加,但后者处理在赤霉病流行年份毒素含量更低。在赤霉病防治处理的基础上,收获前增加25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂1 500 mL·hm-2喷雾处理可进一步减少收获籽粒中赤霉病毒素含量,但不同年份间差异较大,赤霉病流行年份的毒素控制效果较为明显。上述结果可为小麦赤霉病毒素治理提供实践基础。

关键词: 小麦赤霉病, 化学药剂, 防治效果, 毒素

Abstract:

Fusarium head blight (FHB) not only directly reduces wheat yield but also contaminates wheat grains with toxin produced by its pathogens, posing significant food safety risks. Therefore, improving FHB management and advancing toxin mitigation technologies are critical. This study evaluated the efficacy of mainstream FHB control agents in both disease suppression and toxin reduction. Two-year trials demonstrated that spraying 40% prothioconazole·tebuconazole suspension concentrate (600 mL·hm-2) or a combination of 200 g·L-1 pydiflumetofen suspension concentrate (900 mL·hm-2) and 250 g·L-1 propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate (600 mL·hm-2) at the early flowering stage achieved over 77.0% control efficacy against FHB. These treatments restricted deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) levels below 700 μg·kg-1 and 200 μg·kg-1, respectively. A second application 7 days after the initial treatment did not significantly enhance control efficacy but further reduced toxin levels in epidemic years. Additionally, pre-harvest spraying of 25% phenamacril suspension concentrate (1 500 mL·hm-2) further decreased Fusarium toxin content in grains, though effectiveness varied between years, with more pronounced reductions during FHB epidemics. These findings provide practical insights for managing Fusarium toxins in wheat.

Key words: Fusarium head blight, chemical agents, control efficacy, toxins

中图分类号: