不同配比叶面肥对油茶生长结实的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究磷酸二氢钾、尿素和硼酸不同浓度对油茶生长结实的影响,为油茶叶面肥喷施提供理论支撑。以十年生的普通油茶岑软3号为试材,通过磷酸二氢钾、尿素和硼酸不同浓度和配比,设置10个试验处理,分析油茶叶面生理、果实性状和坐果率的变化,并探讨叶面喷施对油茶各性状的影响,从而计算出最优喷施用量以及最大产量。结果表明,低浓度的叶面肥对油茶果生长发育、品质具有明显的促进作用,而过高浓度则会使油茶果品质下降,不利于其生长发育。本试验所有处理中,处理3(磷酸二氢钾∶硼酸∶尿素=0.2%∶0.2%∶0.4%)能有效提高油茶叶面积、氮磷钾含量和坐果率,对叶片氧化酶活性和生理指标均有正向影响,对油茶果实性状亦有促进作用。而磷酸二氢钾、硼酸和尿素的最优喷施用量分别为每株油茶62.62、28.74和58.14 g,可使其最高产量达23.36 kg。

关键词: 油茶, 叶面肥, 产量, 叶片, 果实, 线性关系

Abstract:

Effects of different concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and boric acid on the growth and fruit setting of Camellia oleifera were studied to provide theoretical support for the spraying of foliar fertilizer on Camellia oleifera. Ten-year-old common Camellia oleifera cv. Cenruan 3 were conducted as the test material, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and boric acid were set up with different concetrations and ratios of 10 experimental treatments. The changes of leaf physiology, fruit characters and fruit setting rate of Camellia oleifera were analyzed, and the effect of leaf spraying on various traits of Camellia oleifera were discussed, so as to calculate the optimal spraying amount and maximum yield. The results showed that low concentration of foliar fertilizer could significantly promote the growth, development and fruit quality of Camellia oleifera, while high concentration of foliar fertilizer could reduce the fruit quality of Camellia oleifera, which was not conducive to its growth and development. Among all treatments in this experiment, treatment 3 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate∶boric acid∶urea=0.2%∶0.2%∶0.4%) can effectively improve the leaf area, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content and fruit setting rate of Camellia oleifera, and have a positive impact on leaf oxidase activity and physiological indicators, and also have a positive role in promoting the fruit properties of Camellia oleifera. The optimum spraying rates of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid and urea were 62.62,28.74 and 58.14 g per Camellia oleifera plant, respectively, which could make the maximum yield of 23.36 kg.

Key words: Camellia oleifera, leaf fertilizer, yield, leaves, fruits, linear relationship

中图分类号:

S563.9

张坤昌, 李永泉, 吕宇宙, 王川, 吴金怡, 吴红霏, 岑应源, 廖柏勇, 涂攀峰. 不同配比叶面肥对油茶生长结实的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(1): 62-71.

ZHANG Kunchang, LI Yongquan, LYU Yuzhou, WANG Chuan, WU Jinyi, WU Hongfei, CEN Yingyuan, LIAO Boyong, TU Panfeng. Effect of different proportion of foliar fertilizer on the growth and fruit setting of Camellia oleifera[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(1): 62-71.

图/表 8

表1 叶面肥不同配比和浓度处理

Table 1 Treatment of different proportions and concentrations of foliar fertilizer 单位:%

处理	磷酸二氢钾	硼酸	尿素
1(CK)	0	0	0
2	0.2	0.1	0.2
3	0.2	0.2	0.4
4	0.2	0.3	0.6
5	0.4	0.1	0.4
6	0.4	0.2	0.6
7	0.4	0.3	0.2
8	0.6	0.1	0.6
9	0.6	0.2	0.2
10	0.6	0.3	0.4

表2 不同叶面肥处理油茶叶片形态、元素含量及坐果率情况

Table 2 Leaves morphology, elemental content and fruit setting rate of C. oleifera treated with different foliar fertilizers

处理	氮含量/ (g·kg^-1)	磷含量/ (g·kg^-1)	钾含量/ (g·kg^-1)	叶面积/ cm²	坐果率/ %
1(CK)	10.35±0.12 f	1.60±0.03 g	3.58±0.04 e	11.74±0.25 e	52.05±0.96 e
2	11.47±0.07 b	1.80±0.03 b	3.99±0.05 ab	13.34±0.19 b	61.92±1.02 b
3	12.50±0.10 a	1.86±0.03 a	4.07±0.03 a	13.84±0.14 a	67.85±0.72 a
4	11.27±0.08 cd	1.77±0.03 bc	3.95±0.04 b	12.49±0.17 c	57.48±1.55 c
5	11.38±0.08 bc	1.74±0.02 cd	4.00±0.06 ab	13.16±0.37 b	60.07±1.26 b
6	11.01±0.10 e	1.72±0.02 de	3.77±0.03 cd	12.19±0.22 cd	55.94±1.10 cd
7	11.09±0.09 de	1.71±0.02 de	3.82±0.05 c	12.48±0.12 c	56.36±0.59 c
8	11.06±0.15 e	1.66±0.03 f	3.70±0.03 d	11.90±0.18 de	53.69±1.05 e
9	11.04±0.06 e	1.68±0.03 ef	3.69±0.03 d	12.15±0.13 cde	54.10±0.87 de
10	9.98±0.06 g	1.55±0.02 h	3.44±0.04 f	11.11±0.19 f	46.59±1.36 f

图1 不同叶面肥处理油茶叶片生理指标同一指标不同处理间无相同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2同。

Fig.1 Physiological indexes of C. oleifera leaves treated with different foliar fertilizers

图2 不同叶面肥处理油茶果实性状和产量

Fig.2 Fruit characters and yield of C. oleifera with different foliar fertilizers

图3 磷酸二氢钾不同用量与油茶性状的线性关系

Fig.3 Linear relationship between different dosages of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and traits of C. oleifera

图4 硼酸不同用量与油茶性状的线性关系

Fig.4 Linear relationship between different dosages of boric acid and traits of C. oleifera

图5 尿素不同用量与油茶性状的线性关系

Fig.5 Linear relationship between different dosages of urea and traits of C. oleifera

图6 氮磷钾元素含量与油茶叶片性状的相关分析结果 “**”表示在P<0.01水平存在显著差异。

Fig.6 Results of correlation analysis between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and characters of C. oleifera

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