不同作物与雪茄烟轮作对根际土壤细菌群落的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240158

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同作物轮作对雪茄烟根际土壤细菌群落结构及功能的影响,进一步优化雪茄烟绿色种植模式,本研究采用高通量测序技术,对雪茄烟连作(C1)、雪茄烟-万寿菊轮作(C2)、雪茄烟-玉米轮作(C3)和雪茄烟-水稻轮作(C4)4个处理下的根际土壤细菌群落特征进行了分析。结果表明,与C1处理相比,C2和C4处理显著(p<0.05)提高了根际土壤细菌群落的丰富度,而C3处理则显著降低了丰富度。各处理在门水平上的优势菌群一致,均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)为主。主成分分析(PCA)和非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)显示,C1与C2处理的根际土壤细菌群落结构更为相似。在功能方面,轮作处理(C2、C3、C4)的光合营养、光合自养及有氧光合自养功能的相对丰度普遍低于C1处理,而化能异养和好氧化能异养功能的相对丰度则高于C1。综上所述,雪茄烟与万寿菊或水稻轮作可能通过提高根际土壤细菌丰富度、富集有益菌群以及增强有机质降解能力等途径,缓解连作障碍。

关键词: 雪茄烟, 轮作, 连作, 根际土壤细菌, 群落结构

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of rotating different crops with cigar tobacco on the structure and function of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community, and to further optimize the green cultivation model of cigar tobacco, this study utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the characteristics of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community under four treatments: continuous cropping of cigar tobacco (C1), cigar tobacco-marigold rotation (C2), cigar tobacco-maize rotation (C3), and cigar tobacco-rice rotation (C4). The results showed that compared with the C1 treatment, the C2 and C4 treatments significantly (p<0.05) increased the richness of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community, while the C3 treatment significantly decreased it. The dominant bacterial phylum were consistent across all treatments, primarily including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, and Acidobacteriota. Principal component analysis (PCA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that the bacterial community structures of the C1 and C2 treatments were more similar. In terms of function, the relative abundance of phototrophy, photoautotrophy and oxygenic photoautotrophy functions were generally lower in the rotation treatments (C2, C3, C4) than in C1, while the relative abundances of chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were higher. In conclusion, rotating cigar tobacco with marigold or rice may alleviate continuous cropping obstacles by enhancing rhizosphere soil bacterial richness, enriching beneficial bacterial communities, and improving organic matter degradation capacity.

Key words: cigar tobacco, crop rotation, continuous cropping, rhizosphere soil bacteria, community structure

中图分类号:

S572

方保, 和国优, 沈俊儒, 唐旭兵, 任龙辉, 甄安忠, 兰玉锋, 孔垂思. 不同作物与雪茄烟轮作对根际土壤细菌群落的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(11): 2772-2778.

FANG Bao, HE Guoyou, SHEN Junru, TANG Xubing, REN Longhui, ZHEN Anzhong, LAN Yufeng, KONG Chuisi. Effects of rotating different crops with cigar tobacco on the rhizosphere soil bacterial community[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(11): 2772-2778.

图/表 9

表1 不同处理的测序数据质量评估

Table 1 Quality assessment of sequencing data of different treatments

处理	原始读数	清洁读数	有效读数	序列长度/bp	有效率/%
C1	79 871	79 761	73 832	50 575	92.57
C2	79 948	79 836	73 639	49 779	92.48
C3	80 205	80 094	73 976	52 413	92.36
C4	79 868	79 739	72 456	46 978	92.24

表2 不同处理测序数据的α多样性

Table 2 α diversity of sequencing data of different treatments

处理	OTU数	覆盖率/%	Ace指数	Chao1指数	Simpson指数	Shannon指数	PD whole tree指数
C1	2 003±50 c	99.58	2 144 b	2 157 b	0.998 3 b	10.041 8 b	133.266 8 c
C2	2 177±12 a	99.57	2 294 a	2 292 a	0.998 9 a	10.131 9 a	152.251 9 a
C3	1 721±32 d	99.66	1 825 c	1 815 c	0.996 9 c	9.375 8 c	129.698 1 d
C4	2 124±10 b	99.51	2 259 a	2 259 a	0.998 2 b	10.021 0 b	148.277 4 b

图1 不同处理下的根际土壤细菌OTU数

Fig.1 Rhizosphere soil bacteria OTU number under different treatments

图2 不同处理下的根际土壤细菌主成分分析

Fig.2 Principal component analysis of rhizosphere soil bacteria under different treatments

图3 不同处理下的非度量多维排列分析

Fig.3 Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis under different treatments

表3 不同处理的根际土壤细菌在不同水平的种类数量

Table 3 Number of rhizosphere soil bacteria in different treatments at different levels

处理	门	纲	目	科	属	种
C1	28.0±0.5 a	68.0±2.0 a	174.0±10.5 b	279.0±3.5 b	420.0±12.5 b	457.0±6.5 b
C2	26.0±1.0 a	64.0±0 a	169.0±5.5 c	265.0±0.0 c	403.0±8.5 b	446.0±2.5 b
C3	28.0±0.25 a	62.0±1.0 a	160.0±2.5 c	260.0±2.3 c	364.0±5.5 c	401.0±1.0 c
C4	32.0±0 a	88.0±2.5 a	208.0±22.5 a	326.0±13.5 a	462.0±2.0 a	495.0±8.0 a

图4 不同处理的根际土壤细菌在门水平的相对丰度

Fig.4 Relative abundance of rhizosphere soil bacteria at phylum level under different treatments

图5 不同处理的根际土壤细菌在目水平的相对丰度

Fig.5 Relative abundance of rhizosphere soil bacteria at order level under different treatments

图6 不同处理的根际土壤细菌的功能

Fig.6 Functions of rhizosphere soil bacteria under different treatments

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