浙江农业科学

浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (12): 2865-2870.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230815

• “两山”理念与绿色农业 • 上一篇    下一篇

开化清水鱼养殖模式现状、病害挑战与可持续发展对策

钱涛1(), 沈卫锋2,*(), 金婷3,4, 詹晖3, 汪新华5, 周阳阳5   

  1. 1.开化县水产技术推广站,浙江 衢州 324300
    2.浙江省农业科学院 水生生物研究所,浙江 杭州 310021
    3.开化钱江源三农研究院,浙江 衢州 324300
    4.开化县农业技术推广中心,浙江 衢州 324300
    5.开化县何田乡人民政府,浙江 衢州 324300
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-22 出版日期:2025-12-11 发布日期:2025-12-17
  • 通讯作者: 沈卫锋(1977—),男,浙江桐乡人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为水产病害生物学与综合防控,E-mail:weifsh@126.com。
  • 作者简介:钱涛(1994—),男,浙江衢州人,工程师,学士,研究方向为水产养殖技术,E-mail:787068326@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    开化县2024年度院地合作项目(第二批)

Current status, disease challenges, and sustainable development strategies of Kaihua Qingshui fish breeding model

QIAN Tao1(), SHEN Weifeng2,*(), JIN Ting3,4, ZHAN Hui3, WANG Xinhua5, ZHOU Yangyang5   

  1. 1. Kaihua County Aquatic Technology Extension Station, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang
    2. Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang
    3. Kaihua Qianjiangyuan Institute of Agriculture, Rural Areas and Farmers, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang
    4. Kaihua County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang
    5. The People's Government of Hetian Township, Kaihua County, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang
  • Received:2025-08-22 Online:2025-12-11 Published:2025-12-17

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摘要：

开化清水鱼作为浙江省开化县的重要农业文化遗产和地理标志产品,其独特的养殖模式与品质优势备受关注。本文综述了开化清水鱼的历史文化、产业现状及主要养殖模式,重点分析了当前主流的“池塘快养+山泉净养”两段法养殖模式存在的问题,包括种质资源依赖外地、长途调运应激反应、检疫不足导致的病原传播风险,以及养殖环境改变引发的适应性压力。研究表明,这些因素共同导致越冬综合征、水霉病和小瓜虫病等病害频发,严重影响产业可持续发展。针对上述问题,本文提出以下建议:建立本地化种质资源保护与育苗体系;优化山泉净养阶段的营养投喂策略;加强越冬前免疫强化与病害预防。本研究可为开化清水鱼产业的健康发展和病害防控提供理论依据与实践指导。

关键词: 开化清水鱼, 养殖模式, 病害防治, 种质资源, 应激反应

Abstract:

Kaihua Qingshui fish, as an important agricultural cultural heritage and geographical indication product in Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province, has attracted much attention for its unique breeding mode and quality advantages. This article provides an overview of the history, culture, industry status, and main breeding models of Kaihua Qingshui fish. It focuses on analyzing the problems of the current mainstream two-stage breeding model of “pond fast breeding+mountain spring clean breeding”, including the dependence on germplasm resources from other regions, stress reactions caused by long-distance transportation, the risk of pathogen transmission due to inadequate quarantine, and the adaptive pressure caused by changes in the breeding environment. This study has shown that these factors collectively lead to the frequent occurrence of diseases such as overwintering syndrome, saprolegniasis, and ichthyophthiriasis, seriously affecting the sustainable development of the industry. In response to the above issues, this article proposes the following suggestions: establish a localized germplasm resource protection and seedling cultivation system; optimize the nutritional feeding strategy during the mountain spring clean breading; strengthen immune and disease prevention before overwintering. This study can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the healthy development and disease prevention and control of Kaihua Qingshui fish industry.

Key words: Kaihua Qingshui fish, breeding model, disease control, germplasm resource, stress response

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