浙江农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (8): 1924-1932.DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240998

• 植保技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物制剂在茶园绿色防控中的应用与潜力

陆泓宇1,2(), 郑富海1, 胡钧铭1,*(), 周凤珏2,*(), 张俊辉1, 李婷婷1, 俞月凤1, 李宇翔1   

  1. 1.广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 广西耕地保育重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007
    2.广西大学 农学院,广西 南宁 530004
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-08-11 发布日期:2025-09-04
  • 通讯作者: 胡钧铭,研究员,博士,主要从事农业资源与环境研究,E-mail:jmhu06@126.com;周凤珏,副教授,主要从事作物栽培学与耕作学研究,E-mail:fengjue@gxu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陆泓宇(2000—),男,广西来宾人,硕士,研究方向为茶资源利用与环境保护,E-mail: 709006487@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AA23026002);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(桂科ZY23055047);广西茶叶试验站建设专项(桂TS202106);广西农业科学院创新团队项目(桂农科2021YT040)

Application and potential of biological agents in green prevention and control in tea gardens

LU Hongyu1,2(), ZHENG Fuhai1, HU Junming1,*(), ZHOU Fengjue2,*(), ZHANG Junhui1, LI Tingting1, YU Yuefeng1, LI Yuxiang1   

  1. 1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Nanning 530007, Guangxi
    2. College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi
  • Received:2024-12-30 Online:2025-08-11 Published:2025-09-04

摘要:

化学残留物影响茶园生态平衡、危害动植物健康。利用生物技术研制的生物制剂,具有高效、低毒、特异性的典型特征,被广泛应用于现代农药、肥料以及生物制品活性物质的制备中。科学评估生物制剂的安全性与生态应用潜力,有利于优化集约化茶园绿色生产,促进茶产业高质量发展。通过查阅国内外相关研究文献,从茶园化学制剂替代及环境生态保护角度,分析化学农药发展历程、功能作用、主要种类及残留风险,挖掘生物制剂在茶园绿色防控中的功效、应用及潜力,为生物制剂在茶园绿色防控中的生态应用提供支撑。调查发现化学制剂的过度使用会导致植物病原物的抗药性增加,危害人类与动物健康,对生态环境造成严重影响,而生物制剂源于生物活体或其代谢产物,在抑制茶园真菌、细菌、病毒以及线虫防治方面的效果理想。本研究从产品监测与生物多样性评估、综合防控体系和抗性管理、生态风险评估的角度,提出要建立生物制剂安全管控措施;并从产品质量提升、施药时机与条件、施药技术角度,提出要提升生物制剂应用效率;最后从宣传教育、商业模式创新、政策支持与监管,以及相关功能生物材料绿色投入品研发与应用方面,提出要强化生物制剂应用推广。因此,生物制剂替代化学制剂应用有利于解决环境风险,实现绿色防控。

关键词: 化学防控, 茶园, 绿色防控, 生物制剂, 应用潜力

Abstract:

Chemical residues affect the ecological balance of tea gardens and jeopardize the health of plants and animals. Biological agents developed by biotechnology, with high efficiency, low toxicity and specific typical characteristics, are widely used in the preparation of modern pesticides, fertilizers and bio-products active substances. Scienjpgic assessment of the safety and ecological application potential of biological agents is conducive to the optimization of the green production of intensive tea gardens and the promotion of high-quality development of the tea industry. Through reviewing relevant research literature at home and abroad, we analyzed the development history, functional role, main types and residue risk of chemical pesticides from the perspective of chemical replacement and environmental ecological protection in tea gardens, and explored the efficacy, application and potential of biological agents in green prevention and control of tea gardens, so as to provide support for the ecological application of biological agents in the green prevention and control of tea gardens. It was found that the overuse of chemical agents increased resistance of plant pathogens, jeopardized human and animal health, and caused serious impacts on the ecological environment, while biological agents originated from living organisms or their metabolites, and were ideally suited to inhibit fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematode control in tea gardens. From the perspectives of product monitoring and biodiversity assessment, integrated prevention and control system and resistance management, and ecological risk assessment, it was proposed to establish safety control measures for biological agents. And from the perspectives of product quality enhancement, application timing and conditions, and application technology, it was proposed to improve the application efficiency of biological agents. Finally, from the perspectives of publicity and education, business model innovation, policy support and supervision, as was as research and development of related functional biomaterials and green inputs, it was proposed to strengthen the application and promotion of biological agents. Therefore, the application of biological agents instead of chemical agents is conducive to solving environmental risks and realizing green prevention and control.

Key words: chemical control, green control, tea gardens, biological agents, application potentials

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