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Weaknesses and countermeasures by systematically promoting the construction of whole agricultural industrial chain in Zhejiang Province KE Fuyan, WU Xiaobin, XU Zhiyuan, YU Jiajie, SHENG Menghan 2024, 65 (9):  1997-2002.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240139 Abstract ( 144 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1486KB) ( 375 )   Systematically promoting the construction of whole agricultural industrial chain is an important way to improve the development quality and enhance the common prosperity driving effect of industrial chain. Although Zhejiang has achieved remarkable effects on agricultural industrial chains construction, the systematic developmental levels of the chains are still not high, such as lack of mutual support of some sub-links, poor coordinated development, weak leading ability, poor stakeholder linkage mechanism and so on. It is suggested that Zhejiang Province should take systematic development as the core method to deepen the construction of agricultural industrial chain by promoting the improvement of product quality and innovation ability, product processing and transformation ability, brand integration ability, chain owner enterprise introduction and training ability, interest connection and co-rich ability and other aspects, so as to promote the substained development of whole agricultural industrial chain, the high-quality agricultural development and common prosperity in rural areas. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolutionary characteristics and policy recommendations for the urban-rural income gap in Zhejiang Province YANG Xubin, JIN Ting, ZHU Lixiong, HUANG Hao 2024, 65 (9):  2003-2007.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231215 Abstract ( 174 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1141KB) ( 501 )   Narrowing the urban-rural income gap is crucial for achieving the goal of common prosperity. Zhejiang Province, as a national pilot zone for common prosperity, is one of the regions with the smallest urban-rural income gap in China. Analyzing the characteristics and existing issues of the urban-rural income gap in Zhejiang Province provides valuable policy and practical insights for promoting coordinated urban-rural development and realizing common prosperity for all people in both Zhejiang Province and the entire country. The study found that the urban-rural income gap in Zhejiang Province was positively correlated with regional economic development levels, showing a spatial trend of decreasing from southwestern to northeastern Zhejiang. The problems need to be further addressed include the growing absolute income gap between urban and rural residents, falling into a “weak city, weak countryside” low equilibrium in some low disparity areas, and facing entrenched positions hindering leapfrog reduction in some high disparity areas. In the future, tailored policies should be implemented to address county-specific conditions to narrow the urban-rural income gap; reform urban-rural systems and mechanisms to foster new drivers of rural development; and accelerate industrial upgrading to enhance rural residents' business incomes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and utilization of agricultural natural resources in Zhejiang Province: achievements, challenges and strategies XU Ping, WANG Meiqing 2024, 65 (9):  2008-2013.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230288 Abstract ( 129 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1078KB) ( 363 )   Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper analyzed and evaluated the effectiveness and problems of the development and utilization of six major categories of agricultural natural resources in Zhejiang Province, including land resources, water resources, forest resources, fishery resources, agricultural germplasm resources, and agricultural climate resources. It also proposed ideas for protection and development and utilization, which had significant practical significance for exploring efficient and rational allocation of agricultural natural resources, promoting agricultural transformation and upgrading, and promoting sustainable agricultural development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding and cultivation techniques of super-high yield, high-quality and early-maturity indica-japonica hybrid rice Zheyou 915 WANG Jianjun, SONG Jian, CUI Yongtao, FAN Honghuan, TANG Liqun 2024, 65 (9):  2014-2018.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240189 Abstract ( 194 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1090KB) ( 513 )   High yield and high quality are the key goals of the rice industry, but there is an obvious contradiction between these two traits, and it is very difficult to gather the two traits on the same variety by conventional breeding techniques. Our research team successfully bred an ultra-high-yielding and high-quality early-maturing indica-japonica hybrid rice Zheyou 915 by combining molecular breeding technology with indica-japonica heterosis utilization method. This variety has shown very high yield potential in regional trials and production trials. The quality of rice is in line with the third grade of the ministry standard of edible rice, and the other indicators in the evaluation index are in line with the first grade of the ministry standard except for the alkali elimination value. The whole growth period was 146.5-156.5 days, and it was 0.3-0.9 days earlier than Jiayou 5. In 2023, it will pass the national variety approval and is suitable for promotion and application in southern japonica rice planting areas such as Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, Hubei, and southern Jiangsu. According to the characteristics of Zheyou 915, this paper proposes a key high-yield cultivation technology to improve the effective panicle and increase the number of grains per panicle. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Key points of agronomic traits and cultivation technology of indica-japonica hybrid rice variety Chunyou 87 ZHI Xinzhong, CHEN Zhonglin, YING Qiaohong, LONG Qiyong 2024, 65 (9):  2019-2022.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240063 Abstract ( 142 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 493 )   Chunyou 87 is a japonica three-line hybrid rice variety selected and bred by the China Rice Research Institute, which was approved by the National Crop Variety Examination and Approval Committee in 2021 (National Rice 20210374), and is suitable for single-season late rice planting in the rice blast light areas of japonica rice areas in Zhejiang Province, Shanghai, southern Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province and Hubei Province. From 2022 to 2023, Yongkang City introduced Chunyou 87 which was characterized by neat and consistent growth, green stalks and yellow maturity in the later stage, with the advantages of good color change, strong lodging resistance, good yield, and excellent rice quality. In this paper, the demonstration planting performance and agronomic traits were summarized, and the key points of high-yield cultivation technology from seed treatment, timely sowing, reasonable dense planting, scientific fertilization, water slurry management, weed, disease and pest control were introduced, so as to provide a reference for the promotion of planting in Yongkang area. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on safety utilization integrated techniques of agronomic measures in Cd contaminated paddy fields YANG Xiaolei, WANG Zhanfu, CHEN Yujia, LU Ping, LIU Zhehui, YAN Shuxian, JIN Sizhe 2024, 65 (9):  2023-2027.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230040 Abstract ( 136 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 453 )   By the experiment in a cadmium-contaminated paddy field in Shanghai to study the effects of different agronomic measures on the cadmium content in soil and plants. In the field test, different treatments were sets: variety replacement + optimal fertilization (treatment 1), variety replacement + water regulation+ optimal fertilization (treatment 2), variety replacement + water regulation (treatment 3). Different agronomic combinations measures were compared with conventional rice planting (CK) to explore the effects of different comprehensive technologies on the migration and transformation of different forms of Cd in soil, brown rice and straw. The results showed that compared with CK, the contents of Cd and available Cd in soil and cadmium in brown rice in all treatments decreased. Compared with before the test, the contents of total Cd and available Cd in soil in treatment 2 decreased most significantly, by 12.86% and 18.33%, respectively. The Cd enrichment coefficient of brown rice in treatment 1, 2 and 3 decreased by 43.18%, 51.90% and 25.74%, respectively. Compared with CK, rice yield in treatment 1 increased by 4.9%. In conclusion, the selection of rice varieties with low Cd accumulation, combined application of biochar organic fertilizer and foliar blocking agent can reduce the Cd content in rice and regulate the enrichment and transport of Cd in crops on the basis of maintaining rice yield. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer nitrogen replacing inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on rice growth and fertilizer efficiency XIE Xiaocong, XU Xinxin, WANG Huirong, SHI Liyun, CHEN Kai, CHEN Jianmin, CAO Xuexian 2024, 65 (9):  2028-2032.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230198 Abstract ( 142 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1095KB) ( 446 )   In order to determine the application effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer in paddy fields, field experiments were conducted based on the conventional nitrogen application amount (210 kg·hm-2). There were five treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilizer (T0), 75% nitrogen from organic fertilizer +25% nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer (T75), 50% nitrogen from organic fertilizer +50% nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer (T50) and 25% nitrogen from organic fertilizer +75% nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer (T25). The effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer on rice yield, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen efficiency and apparent balance were analyzed. The results showed that the grain yield of rice with 25% nitrogen from organic fertilizer and 75% nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer (T25) was the highest in both Yueshanxia village and Maozhuxia village. Although there was no significant change in grain yield in Yueshanxia village, the yield under T25 treatment was 8.63% higher than that under T0 treatment. Compared with CK, the effective panicle number of N-treated rice in Yueshaxia village and Maozhuxia village increased by 42.9%-53.8% and 32.2%-71.3%, respectively. In Maozhuxia village, the effective panicle number of T25 treatment was 29.6% higher than that of T0. In Yueshanxia village, though the grain nitrogen content of T50 was similar to that of T0 and T75, it was significantly higher than that of T25 treatment by 11.9%. The nitrogen content of rice straw in T50 was also significantly higher than that in T0 by 32.6%. Although the nitrogen content of T25 rice straw was similar to that of T0, it was 10.7% and 14.1% higher than that of T75 and T50. In Yueshanxia village, the nitrogen absorption of T75 straw was 41.8% higher than that of T0. Although the nitrogen efficiency of organic substitution treatment was similar, 26.3%-35.9% higher than that of T0 treatment, the apparent nitrogen efficiency of T25 in Maozhuxia village was the highest, 26.3%, and 20.7% higher than that of T75. In conclusion, under the conditions of conventional nitrogen application, organic substitution has a slight increase in rice yield compared with total fertilizer application. The combination scheme of 25% organic fertilizer and 75% inorganic fertilizer had the best effect on increasing rice yield and nitrogen apparent utilization. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of varying proportions of decomposed broad bean straw as a substitute for fertilizer on soil characteristics and yield in paddy field LI Hanmei, WU Dongtao 2024, 65 (9):  2033-2036.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240511 Abstract ( 138 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1256KB) ( 448 )   To explore the effects of decomposed broad bean straw as a substitute for chemical fertilizers on rice growth and nutrient absorption, and to determine the optimal use of straw resources under the “fresh broad bean + high-quality rice” rotation system, a field experiment was conducted. This study investigated the impact of different proportions of broad bean straw replacing chemical fertilizers on rice yield, nutrient absorption, and soil physical and chemical properties under equivalent nitrogen conditions. The results showed that compared with CK (no fertilizer), CF (conventional fertilization), CF50(50%base fertilizer replacement) and CF20 (20% base fertilizer replacement) significantly increased rice yield, with no significant difference in rice yield among CF20 (20% base fertilizer replacement), CF50 (50% base fertilizer replacement), and CF (conventional fertilization). The total nitrogen content in rice grains was significantly higher in CF10 (10% base fertilizer replacement), compared with CK (no fertilizer) and CF (conventional fertilization). Soil alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content in CF50 (50% base fertilizer replacement) differed significantly from CF (conventional fertilization), indicating an improvement in soil nutrient status.In summary, for the “fresh broad bean + high-quality rice” planting system in the Lishui area, controlling the proportion of decomposed broad bean straw used as a fertilizer substitute to around 20% after the broad bean season can stabilize rice yield. Controlling the substitution proportion to 20%-50% can effectively improve soil fertility. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative analysis on direct seeding cultivation of 20 early rice varieties in Jinhua HE Yuehua, DENG Fei, ZHOU Jianxia, LU Aiguo, CHEN Liping, DAI Rongfu, WANG Kongjian 2024, 65 (9):  2037-2041.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240115 Abstract ( 140 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1072KB) ( 406 )   In order to screen out the early rice varieties suitable for direct seeding cultivated in Jinhua, the agronomic traits and yield performance of 20 early rice varieties with direct seeding cultivation were comparatively analyzed in this paper. The results showed that, compared with Zhongzao 39, the whole growth period of Zhongjiazao 17, Yongxian 15, Zhongjiazao 18, Jiayu 25, Yongxian 409, Zhongzu 143, Shunda 135, Zhongzu 53, Zhe 1613, Zhongzu 100, Yongxian 634, Zhongzu 18, Zhe 1702 and Zhe 1708 were shortened by about 1-4 days. Jinzao 239, Shunda 95, Zhongzu 53 and Zhe 1613 showed poor lodging resistance. The yield of Yongxian 15, Zhuliangyou 831, Jinzao 239, Zhongzu 143, Zhongzu 100, Yongxian 634 and Zhe 1702 were increased by 0.1%-4.6% compared with Zhongzao 39. It was concluded that Yongxian 15, Zhongzu 143 and Zhongzu 100 were suitable for direct seeding cultivated in Jinhua, which showed shorter growth period, higher yield and good lodging resistance. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of suitable regenerative rice varieties and their supporting cultivation technology in Shaoxing SONG Youliang, ZHOU Xingyuan, ZHANG Kan 2024, 65 (9):  2042-2045.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230703 Abstract ( 120 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1054KB) ( 448 )   In order to screen out the regenerative rice varieties suitable for planting in Shaoxing area, four regenerative rice varieties (combinations) were used as materials to carry out adaptability tests such as yield and whole growth period. The results showed that the yields of the four regenerated rice varieties, namely Huiliangyou 280, Huiliangyou 1813, Jingliangyou 1468 and Jingliangyou 1212, were significantly higher than those of single-season late rice, and the growth period was shorter than that of “early rice + continuous cropping late rice”, which was suitable for planting as regenerative rice in Shaoxing area. At the same time, the high-yield cultivation technology supporting the regenerated rice was explored and summarized, in order to provide a technical reference for the planting of regenerative rice to large grain growers in the city. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection, characteristics and cultivation techniques of new maize variety Wenyu 185 ZENG Wei, LIU Yongan, YUE Gaohong, HUANG Yechang, PAN Binrong 2024, 65 (9):  2046-2049.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230789 Abstract ( 108 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1169KB) ( 405 )   Wenyu 185 is an common maize variety independently bred by the dry grain breeding team of Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety has compact plant type, low empty stem rate, large ear, more grains, high 1000-grain weight, high yield and stable yield, good quality, strong disease resistance, and is suitable for planting in Zhejiang Province. In order to promote the further planting of this variety in Zhejiang Province, this paper describes the breeding process and characteristics and summarizes the key points of high-yield cultivation technology of it. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation and path analysis of agronomic traits of introduced maize varieties ZHAN Fuyang 2024, 65 (9):  2050-2054.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230656 Abstract ( 99 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1068KB) ( 308 )   Maize is an important grain-fed crop, in order to promote farmers to increase production and income, this paper introduced 53 strains selected by Shandong Agricultural University in Fujian, analyzed the correlation of maize agronomic traits, and carried out partial correlation and path analysis. The results showed that kernels per row and the weight of 100 grains were significantly positively correlated with the yield, and the length of the bare tip was significantly negatively correlated with the yield; the path analysis showed that the positive relationship between row number per ear, the weight of 100 grains, kernels per row was the largest and the yield was the strongest, and the negative relationship between plant height, bare tip length and yield was the strongest. Therefore, in Fujian Province, row number per ear, the weight of 100 grains, kernels per row, and the length of bare tips affect the yield of maize, and maize varieties with good ear type, excellent ear traits and short bare tips should be selected in breeding. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the sowing date and planting density of Meiyu Jia Tiannuo 25 in Zhoushan area XU Chenguang, DONG Zhibin 2024, 65 (9):  2055-2060.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240330 Abstract ( 106 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (2290KB) ( 276 )   Introducing suitable varieties for local promotion and cultivation, can promote increased income for local farmers and agricultural development. The latest Meiyu Jia Tiannuo 25 developed by Hainan Lvchuan Seedling Co., Ltd. was used as the research object, and Meiyu 7 was used as the control to conduct sowing time and planting density experiments. The results indicated that the later the spring sowing period, the shorter the growth period; the later the summer sowing period, the longer the growth period, and the effect of planting density on the growth period was not significant. The results of variance analysis showed that the yield of Meiyu Jia Tiannuo 25 was significantly higher than that of Meiyu 7 (P<0.05). The yield differences between different sowing dates and planting densities reached significant levels (P<0.05) and extremely significant levels (P<0.01), respectively. The average yield was highest at a planting density of 4 200 plants per 667 m2, and the average yield was highest during the sowing period on July 20th. Variety, sowing time, and planting density all had a significant or extremely significant impact on appearance quality, with the highest appearance quality score observed on April 5th during the sowing period and at a planting density of 2 800 plants per 667 m2. The cooking quality of Meiyu Jia Tiannuo 25 was significantly higher than that of Meiyu 7 (P<0.05). There was the extremely significant difference in cooking quality among different sowing dates (P<0.01), with the highest cooking quality score observed on April 5th. However, there was no significant difference in cooking quality among different planting densities. The quality total score of Meiyu Jia Tiannuo 25 was 2.2 points higher than that of Meiyu 7, and the difference in quality total score was extremely significant (P<0.01). The difference in quality total scores among different sowing dates was extremely significant (P<0.01), with the highest quality total score observed on April 5th. The difference in quality total scores among different planting densities reached a extremely significant level (P<0.01), with the highest quality total score at a planting density of 2 800 plants per 667 m2. And the differences in quality total scores caused by the interaction between varieties and sowing dates, as well as the interaction between planting density and sowing dates, all reached the extremely significant level (P<0.01). Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of agronomic traits and yield of different waxy wheat lines in Yongjia County LU Yanhua, SHENG Dingjian, ZHOU Jianwu, YE Wangping, YANG Huanqing, TAO Kaizhan, LIU Yongan 2024, 65 (9):  2061-2063.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230690 Abstract ( 132 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1033KB) ( 404 )   In order to understand the agronomic traits and yield levels of different waxy wheat lines, five waxy wheat lines were tested in Yongjia County in November 2022. The results showed that each waxy wheat line has shorter growth period, lower plant height, shorter spike length, fewer spikelets, more false spikelets, fewer grains per spike (except Wen Nuomai 2192), lower 1000-grain weight, but more valid spikes than the control. Among them, the yield of Wen Nuomai 2110 and Wen Nuomai 2192 was higher, which increased 4.54% and 2.59% higher than the control Yangmai 20, respectively. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding of rape variety Zhenongyou 12 with high oil content, disease resistance and cold tolerance XU Yan, ZHANG Quanfeng, FENG Yucao, XIAO Jiarui, SUN Yiming, FENG Yufei 2024, 65 (9):  2064-2068.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240110 Abstract ( 125 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1058KB) ( 443 )   Zhenongyou 12 is a new conventional rape variety with high oil content, disease resistance and cold resistance, bred by Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seed Industry Co., Ltd. It passed the registration of non-main crop varieties with registration number GPD rapeseed (2023) 330235 and is suitable for planting in autumn and winter in the winter rape areas of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and Shanghai in the downstream areas of the Yangtze River. This variety was systematically bred through hybrid combination testing and generation material separation. Three widely adapted and high-quality conventional rape varieties were used as basic materials to form a hybrid combination, which aggregated excellent traits such as disease resistance, cold tolerance, and high oil content after years pedigree method. The average yield of this variety in the multi-point adaptability test was 2 813.5 kg·hm-2, 2.7% higher than the control; the oil content was 49.71%, the glucosinolate content was 21.48 μmol·g-1, and the erucic acid content was 0%. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of soil conditioner combined with organic fertilizer on soil fertility and tea safety production in tea garden ZHANG Weiling, GE Furong, XU Jinggao, ZHENG Xuqian, YE Zhengqian 2024, 65 (9):  2069-2074.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230135 Abstract ( 124 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1161KB) ( 403 )   The application of soil conditioner is an important technical measure to passivate heavy metals in soil. In this study, the effects of oyster shell soil conditioner and organic fertilizer on heavy metal content in tea garden soil and tea were studied. The results showed that the soil pH value of TY6 treatment (soil conditioner 2 250 kg·hm-2 + organic fertilizer 7 500 kg·hm-2) increased by 0.14 compared with CK treatment (no material was applied), and the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil increased by 61.78%, 32.11%, 57.61% and 36.48%, respectively. The lead, chromium, arsenic, mercury, available lead, available cadmium and available chromium contents in soil decreased by 52.61%, 20.48%, 22.39%, 70.00%, 59.31%, 66.67% and 50.00%, respectively. The 100-bud weight of tea increased by 25.58%, the germination density increased by 32.09%, the fresh leaf yield increased by 95.06%, the total nitrogen content of tea increased by 4.67%, the total phosphorus content increased by 6.40%, and the total potassium content increased by 3.79%. Lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and mercury contents in tea decreased by 70.59%, 50.00%, 26.67%, 10.71% and 17.86%, respectively. In summary, in order to improve the soil quality of tea garden, increase the yield of tea, reduce the content of heavy metals in tea, and reduce the health hazards to the body, it is recommended to use the amount of soil conditioner 2 250 kg·hm-2 + organic fertilizer 7 500 kg·hm-2. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on ecological adaptability positioning and screening of high quality flue-cured tobacco varieties (lines) in Southern Anhui LIU Guoxia, WANG Shaomei, XU Fangzheng, CHENG Tingming, MAO Dongping, ZHANG Guangyu, GENG Ruimei, JIANG Caihong, ZHU Qifa 2024, 65 (9):  2075-2085.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240155 Abstract ( 108 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1164KB) ( 414 )   To screen the new flue-cured tobacco varieties (lines) that can reflect the flavour characteristics style of the Southern Anhui tobacco region, we conducted the comparative experiments on the ecological adaptability identification and screening of 9 high-quality new flue-cured tobacco varieties (lines), WSM1, WSM2, WSM3, WSM4, WSM5, WSM6, Zhongyan 101, WSM8, and WSM9, using the local production main varieties Yunyan 87 and Yunyan 97 as controls, at two experimental sites. Based on the identification and evaluation results of the growth period, botanical traits, agronomic traits, disease resistance of artificial inoculation and natural occurrence, economic traits, as well as the appearance quality, chemical composition, sensory evaluation quality of cured tobacco leaves of new flue-cured tobacco varieties (lines), the comprehensive results showed that WSM2, WSM9, WSM1, and WSM8 exhibited excellent comprehensive traits, significantly better than the control varieties. They can be used for the layout display and production demonstration experiments of backup flue-cured tobacco varieties (lines) in the Southern Anhui tobacco region, as well as for experimental research on supporting cultivation and tobacco leaves cured techniques. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficient regeneration system of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn based on adventitious bud induction SHA Haodong, QIAN Yichun, XU Pan, PU Jinbao, GU Xueting, MAO Bizeng 2024, 65 (9):  2086-2092.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230078 Abstract ( 99 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (10919KB) ( 320 )   To establish an efficient regeneration system of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, the effects of different concentrations of hormones on the induction and rooting of adventitious buds were studied with the stem tip tissues of wild Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn as explants. The results showed that the best medium for adventitious bud induction was MS+2.5 mg·L-1 6-BA, the induction rate reached 100%, and the multiplication rate of adventitious buds was 7.3 times. The best rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA. The best transplanting method was to transplant the seedlings to the seedbed after 30 days-hydroponic training of the plants which are higher than 3 cm, with 3 to 5 roots over 2 cm. This system provides a new way for tissue culture and regeneration of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn and shortens the period of seedling breeding. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity analysis of 48 accessions of Dendrobium germplasms based on SCoT markers PANG Minxia, YAO Guoxiang, JIN Bo, QI Yong, XIE Xiongjie 2024, 65 (9):  2093-2099.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230814 Abstract ( 88 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (6721KB) ( 215 )   To investigate the genetic diversity and relatedness of different species of Dendrobium,the genomic DNA of 48 Dendrobium leaves of different varieties was collected, and 15 SCoT primers with rich polymorphism and good repeatability were screened from 36 primers by using 2 randomly selected DNA samples, and then the collected genomic DNA of 48 Dendrobium were amplified by SCoT-PCR and the genetic diversity was analyzed. The results showed that a total of 224 clear bands were amplified from the 15 primers selected, of which 217 were polymorphic bands, and the polymorphism ratio (PPR) was 96.88%. Each primer can detect 12 to 20 allelic sites. The results of cluster analysis showed that the genetic similarity coefficient of 48 samples of Dendrobium was between 0.55 and 0.78. The tested Dendrobium can be divided into 5 groups at the level of genetic coefficient 0.659. Fifteen SCoT primers were used to effectively distinguish 48 Dendrobium materials and divide them into 5 groups. There are significant differences in the genetic background of 48 types of Dendrobium materials, providing theoretical guidance for the protection of Dendrobium resources. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nutrient soil from kitchen waste products on the quality of watermelon seedlings ZHANG Huafeng, ZHANG Xiaopeng, WANG Kan, ZHANG Leichen, LI Linzhang, SHI Jun, HUANG Yunping, HU Ziwei, WANG Yuhong 2024, 65 (9):  2100-2103.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231198 Abstract ( 88 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 200 )   In order to explore the resource utilization of kitchen waste products, a comparative experiment was conducted on the effect of nutrient soil prepared from kitchen waste products and biogas residue on the quality of watermelon seedlings. The difference between nutrient soil and commercial substrate in watermelon seedling cultivation was analyzed, providing theoretical and technical support for the kitchen waste products in watermelon seedling cultivation. The results showed that the nutrient soil substrate treatment (T3) had no significant impact on the quality of watermelon seedling cultivation. The Shouchuang nutrient soil substrate and Kangcheng brand substrate mixed in a 1∶1 ratio (T2) had a watermelon seedling emergence rate of 98%. The botanical and physiological indicators of watermelon seedlings substrate treatment (T2) were better than those of commercial seedling substrate treatment (T1), which met the requirements of seedling growth and had advantages in terms of usage cost. Therefore, nutrient soil can be selected as the optimal substrate for watermelon seedling cultivation, kitchen waste can replace some of the main materials in the substrate. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different inoculants on the decomposition of asparagus straw DING Nengfei, LIU Chen, GUO Bin, LI Hua, FU Qinglin, YANG Chenghu, CHEN Liping 2024, 65 (9):  2104-2107.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240439 Abstract ( 94 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1261KB) ( 180 )   Asparagus straw were used as composting materials to study the effects of different inoculants(CK, self-made bacteria, EM bacteria, Dacheng bacteria) on the composting temperature, pH value, EC, total carbon content, total nitrogen content, and seed germination index. The results indicated that inoculating with self-made bacteria and Dacheng bacteria could significantly accelerate the heating rate, prolong the duration of high temperature. The inoculants had a minimal impact on the pH value and EC of the fermentation product, but could significantly reduce the total carbon content. Inoculants could significantly increase the seed germination index, accelerate the composting maturation process, especially with the self-made bacteria and Dacheng bacteria treatments, asparagus straw could mature 14 days earlier than CK. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Purification and rejuvenation technology of broad bean variety Cixi Dabaican QIU Jianrong, CUI Mengmeng, ZHAO Mengjia, MA Xiaofu, JIN Zhuqun, WU Huaxin, ZHU Yaming 2024, 65 (9):  2108-2111.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240358 Abstract ( 113 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1056KB) ( 362 )   In view of the current situation of inconsistent flower color, plant type, pod type and bean grain size in the field, mixed germplasm, serious degradation of germplasm and declining yield of Cixi broad bean in the field, we collected germplasm resources of Cixi Dabaican and purified and rejuvenated them through isolated breeding and single plant selection. The results showed that the line of Ben 2 of Cixi Dabaican had purple stems and green white seed coats with the 100-grain weight of 134.0 g, and the yield of 667 m2 was 223.2 kg. The original traits of this variety were basically restored in terms of plant morphology, pod-setting characteristics, grain size and yield. The work of purification and rejuvenation of varieties has achieved the expected results. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation analysis between fruit quality indicators and soil fertility factors in Chinese bayberry ZHENG Xiliang, SUN Li, QI Xingjiang, LIANG Senmiao, YU Zheping, ZHANG Qi, ZHANG Shuwen 2024, 65 (9):  2112-2118.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230697 Abstract ( 125 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1127KB) ( 413 )   Using soil from five representative orchards in the main production areas of Chinese bayberry in Zhejiang Province and the fruits of three main varieties, Dongkui, Biqi and Dingao. The key soil fertility factors affecting the quality of Chinese bayberry fruits were screened through correlation analysis, providing theoretical basis for research on the formation of fruit quality and the improvement of management techniques. Totally 13 soil fertility factors and 18 fruit quality indicators were measured, and correlation analysis was conducted. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and organic matter (OM) were significantly positively correlated with glucose (Glu), oxalic acid (OA), and vitamin C (VC), respectively. The alkaline nitrogen (AN) of soil was significantly positively correlated with hardness (HN), total acid (TA), Glu, and OA, while the sugar acid ratio (AS) was significantly negatively correlated. Total phosphorus (TP) was significantly positively correlated with HN, TA, Glu, OA, and total flavonoids (TFC). Total potassium (TK) was significantly positively correlated with longitudinal diameter (LD), transverse diameter (BD), single fruit weight (FW), HN, soluble solids (TSS), Glu, VC, and TFC. TK had the significant positive correlation with 8 fruit quality indicators, as the main soil factor affecting fruit quality formation. It was recommended that appropriately reduced nitrogen and phosphorus, while increased potassium in the cultivation and management process was beneficial to improve fruit quality of Chinese bayberry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the protected cultivation and intelligent management technology of Myrica rubra SUN Li, ZHANG Shuwen, YU Zheping, ZHENG Xiliang, QI Xingjiang 2024, 65 (9):  2119-2124.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240527 Abstract ( 166 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1103KB) ( 454 )   Myrica rubra is a high-value fruit native to China, but its harvest period coincides with the rainy season, which seriously affects its yield and quality. In recent years, stable production and high efficiency of Myrica rubra has been achieved through protected cultivation, which can avoid rain, insects, promote fruit ripening, and improve its quality. However, many new problems had arisen due to the changes of growth environment in greenhouse. Therefore, the application research of protected cultivation and intelligent management technology has been conducted to solve these problems. The fruit ripening period can be advanced 40 days, and the commodity fruit rate reached 80%, with a significant economic effects. This article summarized the research progress on protected cultivation modes, artificial pollination, supplemental lighting technology, high-light-efficiency tree shaping, as well as the application of things and intelligent and water-fertilizer management of protected cultivation, aiming to provide technical support for the intelligent and industrialized cultivation of Myrica rubra, and help the sustainable development of this industry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of management strategies and restoration potential for native herbaceous plant communities in Shanghai Guangfulin Country Park SHEN Wenbin 2024, 65 (9):  2125-2131.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240087 Abstract ( 92 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1456KB) ( 229 )   As a quintessential urban green space, Shanghai Guangfulin Country Park plays a certain role in the functionality and services of urban ecosystems through the seasonal variation and diversity of its native herbaceous plant communities. This study conducted comparative surveys of the herbaceous plant communities in the park during spring and autumn to analyze the seasonal characteristics of the plant communities, the seasonal differences in species diversity indices, and the impact of varying management intensities on their community structure and ecosystem service functions. The findings indicated that biodiversity and functional diversity were significantly higher in areas with weak human disturbance compared with those under intense management, suggesting that reducing human interference contributed to biodiversity restoration. This research offers a basis for ecological restoration and sustainable management of urban green spaces, and has certain significance for promoting the health and sustainability of urban ecosystems. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of drought resistance during germination of four perennial ryegrass varieties XIONG Xue, DONG Jianxin, LI Yanan, ZHU Guofen, DING Xiaosong 2024, 65 (9):  2132-2137.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230740 Abstract ( 106 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1522KB) ( 266 )   This study simulated drought stress with PEG-6000 at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, and studied the effects of different drought treatments on the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, drought resistance index, plumule length, radicle length, and fresh weight of four perennial ryegrass varieties. The results showed that four perennial ryegrass varieties showed certain changes in various indicators during the germination period under different drought conditions, and there were significant differences among the varieties. As the stress intensity increased, the decline in various indicators gradually increased. Through comprehensive evaluation using the membership function method, the drought resistance of each variety was ranked as follows: Tailv>Lichuan>Lvtuo>Shandian. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different dosages of soil conditioner on the growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora and soil nutrients YANG Jianqiang, GAO Jiarui, LIU Chaochao, WANG Qiaoling 2024, 65 (9):  2138-2142.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240487 Abstract ( 113 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (2862KB) ( 457 )   In order to clarify the effects of different dosages of soil conditioner on the growth and development of Puccinellia tenuiflora and soil nutrients, a field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different dosage of soil conditioner on yield, nutritional quality, soil nutrients and water content of Puccinellia tenuiflora. The results showed that the application of soil conditioner significantly increased the yield of Puccinellia tenuiflora. When the application dosage of soil conditioner reached 30 t·hm-2, the yield of Puccinellia tenuiflora reached the maximum. The soil nutrient content increased with the increase of the application dosage of soil conditioner, and reached the highest when the application dosage of soil conditioner was 30 t·hm-2. The nutritional quality of Puccinellia tenuiflora varied with the increase of soil conditioner application dosage. The content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased with the increase of soil conditioner application dosage, and the content was the lowest when the soil conditioner application dosage was 30 t·hm-2. The content of crude fat, crude protein, starch, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc reached the highest when the soil conditioner application dosage was 30 t·hm-2. Soil conditioner significantly affected the water conservation capacity of soil. Compared with the control, the soil moisture content of 15 and 30 t·hm-2 soil conditioner increased by 5.15 and 9.10 percentage points, respectively. In summary, when the application dosage of soil conditioner was 30 t·hm-2, the soil nutrient content and the growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora were the best. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of armyworm egg rearing mode on growth and fecundity of Orius sauteri WANG Xuefen, GUO Meiyan, ZHAO Jun, LI Hongliang, LI Chengjun 2024, 65 (9):  2143-2146.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240349 Abstract ( 82 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 382 )   To improve the feeding efficiency of army worm eggs as feed for Orius sauteri, reduce the feeding cost, this study was conducted to study the effects of five kinds of armyworm egg rearing mode on Orius sauteri. The results showed that growth and fecundity of Orius sauteri is no statistically different among feed 1 d starve 1 d and feed 2 d starve 1 d and normal daily feed. So feed 1 d starve 1 d and feed 2 d starve 1 d can be used as large-scale production of Orius sauteri, in order to reduce the cost of artificial feeding. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of DNA barcoding in identification of parasitoids on Myzus persicae SUN Xingxing, CHEN Yongcheng, WANG Fan, JIANG Yingjie, WANG Kai, HU Jixiang, GAO Bo, LI Hongyang, GU Huiling, ZHANG Lisheng 2024, 65 (9):  2147-2151.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240473 Abstract ( 92 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (2060KB) ( 257 )   Myzus persicae is a major pest of peach trees. To elucidate the species diversity of its parasitoids, we collected parasitized aphids from peach orchards in the coastal regions of Jiangsu. The emerged adult parasitoids were identified using a combination of morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding methods. Our survey identified five parasitoid species belonging to two families in this region: Aphelinus abdominalis and Aphelinus maculatus from the family Aphelinidae; and Lipolexis gracilis, Binodoxys communis, and Aphidius gifuensis from the family Braconidae. The COI gene sequences of these five parasitoid species were extracted and analyzed by constructing a phylogenetic tree. The molecular identification results were consistent with the morphological identification results, demonstrating the accuracy and extensive application potential of DNA barcoding technology in identifying small insects such as parasitoids. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Field efficacy trials of 22 fungicides against pear fire blight LIU Pengfei, QIN Weiming, ZHANG Yizhi, WU Yuefu, WANG Hongli, QI He, LOU Binggan 2024, 65 (9):  2152-2159.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230724 Abstract ( 120 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1144KB) ( 371 )   Pear fire blight is a destructive bacterial disease that has emerged in China in recent years. There is no relevant prevention and control technology experience in China, and there is an urgent need to screen effective field control agents. This study measured the field control effects of 22 agents of 12 fungicides and 10 combinations of 5 agents on pear fire blight by spraying fungicides during the initial flowering and falling flowering stages of pears. Ten agents with a prevention and control effect of over 70% and 8 combinations with a prevention and control effect of over 65% were selected. The effective field prevention and control agents for pear fire blight as well as the optimal combination of agents during the initial flowering and falling flowering stages have selected in this study, which provide technical support for the chemical prevention and control of pear fire blight in the field. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the control efficiency of nanofungicides in the field on apple leaf diseases LIU Jianwei, SHI Guangliang, WEI Jiangwen, LI Jinfeng, HAN Juhong, LI Qingmei, ZHAO Zhihui, JIANG Yanjun 2024, 65 (9):  2160-2164.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230811 Abstract ( 101 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1098KB) ( 426 )   In order to clarify the control effect of nanofungicides on two apple leaf diseases, the control effects of several nanofungicides and the same conventional fungicides with the same active ingredient content on apple scab and apple alternaria leaf spot were systematically evaluated by field experiments. The results showed that the nanofungicide 15% benzopyrazole ester ME had the best control effect on apple scab, and the control efficiency was 83.58% and 59.37% on 15 and 30 days after the 7th treatment, respectively, which was higher than that of conventional fungicides. The nanofungicide 7% polyanti-tebuconazole ME had the highest control effect on apple alternaria leaf spot, and the control efficiency was 97.07% and 74.56% on 15 and 30 days after the 7th treatment, respectively, which was higher than that of conventional fungicides. Therefore, when the pesticides were applied with the same active ingredient content, the control effect of nanofungicides on the two apple leaf diseases was generally better than that of conventional fungicides, and they could be popularized and used in production. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on soybean cyst nematode disease ZHOU Yang, LI Yingzhuang, HAN Xinjun, FU Hao, LI Zhihui 2024, 65 (9):  2165-2169.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231010 Abstract ( 277 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1108KB) ( 386 )   Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) disease is a serious disease in soybean production, causing significant production and economic losses. At present, screening and planting disease resistant varieties, agricultural control, biological pest control and chemical control are common control methods in integrated control of SCN. In terms of disease resistance research, the rhg1 and rhg4 loci in soybeans are the most important resistance sites to SCN disease. This article reviews recent research on SCN disease in order to provide reference for the study of SCN resistance mechanisms and the improvement of prevention and control techniques. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in pretreatment methods for heavy metals in aquatic products CHEN Xingxing 2024, 65 (9):  2170-2173.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230438 Abstract ( 104 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1047KB) ( 234 )   China is a major producer and consumer of aquatic products.However,in recent years,due to the accumulation of heavy metals in animals and the subsequent adverse impact on human health through the food chain, excessive concentration of heavy metals in aquatic products has become a significant bottleneck for the development of the aquatic economy in China. This paper provided a concise overview of various pretreatment methods of aquatic products such as water bath heating digestion, microwave digestion, ashing digestion and electric hot plate wet digestion. The study focuses on the progress, effectiveness, advantages and limitations of these pretreatment methods in detecting heavy metal content in aquatic products. It is expected that the results of this study will serve as a valuable reference for the production and quality supervision of aquatic products. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of the quality indicators for Wencheng waxy yam LIU Yuhong, CHEN Liping, XU Mingfei, YE Jueyu, SUN Caixia 2024, 65 (9):  2174-2178.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230421 Abstract ( 92 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1083KB) ( 312 )   Waxy yam, a characteristic economic crop of Wencheng, combines the refreshing quality of yam with the sticky texture of glutinous rice and is highly favored by consumers. In order to further explore the quality indicators of waxy yam, its main nutrients and mineral elements were analyzed. The results showed that waxy yam is abundant in nutrients and mineral elements, exceeding those in Huai yam and iron stick yam, and it had good development and utilization value in the field of medicinal and edible products. However, the quality stability of waxy yam is relatively poor, and the quality should be improved by standardizing the cultivation and management techniques. The results provided data support for the deep processing of waxy yam and the extension of the industrial chain, which is of great significance for increasing the income of farmers. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation process of sciadonic acid extraction in Chinese torreya seed oil YAO Shiwei, LU Hongling, JIANG Chenkai, HU Wenjun, YU Shaofang, XIANG Xingwei, SHEN Guoxin, CHEN Lin 2024, 65 (9):  2179-2183.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230175 Abstract ( 129 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (5464KB) ( 310 )   Chinese torreya seed oil is rich in nutrients and has high health care functions. The purpose of this study was to explore the most suitable extraction process of sciadonic acid from Chinese torreya seed oil. The urea embedding method was used to optimize the extraction and preparation process of sciadonic acid from Chinese torreya seed oil by response surface method on the basis of single factor test. The results showed that the optimal experimental conditions for urea-embedded extraction of sciadonic acid from Chinese torreya seed oil were as follows: binding time 2.07 h, urea 33 g, binding temperature 68.93 ℃, and the optimal extraction amount of sciadonic acid from Chinese torreya seed oil was 4.53 g. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Residue and dissipation of matrine in pear and soil LU Lina, SHEN Yan, GAO Meijing, ZHONG Jianfeng, LU Fei, ZHENG Zuntao, ZHANG Zhiyong 2024, 65 (9):  2184-2189.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230706 Abstract ( 93 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1474KB) ( 231 )   In order to clarify the residue and degradation dynamics of botanical pesticide matrine in pear and soil, gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) was used to analyze the degradation dynamics and residue of marine in pear and soil in Tianjing and Anhui for this study. The results indicated that the limit of detection of matrine in pear and soil was 1.36×10-12 g, and the lowest detected concentrations were 0.01 mg·kg-1 in pear and 0.004 mg·kg-1 in soil, respectively. In Tianjing province, the half-life of matrine in pear and soil were 4.89 and 4.77 d respectively. While, in Anhui, the half-life of matrine in pear and soil were 3.94 and 5.27 d respectively. The degradation rules of matrine in pear and soil in Tianjing and Anhui can fit the degradation dynamic equation. When matrine was applied with low and high dosages for three and four times at an interval of 7 d, the final residue in pear and soil were lower than the temporary maximum limit value (MRL) 5 mg·kg-1in national food safety standard-maximum residue limits for pesticides in food after 7-28 d of application. Therefore, matrine is low residue and easily degradation pesticide on pears and soil. Under standard use conditions, there is no dietary risk when it is applied on pears, so it is relatively safe to apply. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of 5'UTR of bovine FMR1 gene WANG Xuanyi, SUN Yawei, WANG Liying, LONG Yuwei, YE Tong, ZHOU Yuxin, MA Xuelian, LI Na, ZHAO Hongqiong, YAO Gang 2024, 65 (9):  2190-2197.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230843 Abstract ( 84 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (8303KB) ( 196 )   To explore the biological function of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) in Simmental cattle and to provide data support for the study of the role of FMR1 in the infertility of Simmental cattle, in this study, the complete 5'UTR sequence of FMR1 gene was cloned by PCR using Simmental cattle blood DNA as a template. It was compared with the full mRNA sequence of bovine FMR1 gene provided by NCBI. Online software was used for genetic analysis and phylogenetic tree construction to analyze the fragility of the 5'UTR end of FMR1 gene. The physicochemical properties, hydrophilicity, phosphorylation sites, transmembrane structure, signal peptide, secondary structure, tertiary structure and interacting proteins of the protein encoded by this gene were analyzed. The results showed that the 5'UTR sequence of Simmental cattle FMR1 gene was basically consistent with the sequence of cattle FMR1 gene provided by NCBI, and the longest open reading frame of bovine FMR1 gene was 1 710 bp, the gene encoded 569 amino acids, and the molecular weight was 64 221.90 u, and the encoded protein was an unstable hydrophilic protein, with no obvious signal peptide cleavage site, and did not include the transmembrane helix, and the secondary structure prediction indicated that it was mainly in α-helix and random coil form. The results indicated that the coding sequence of Simmental cattle FMR1 gene was 40 254 bp and encoded 569 amino acids, and the encoded protein was a hydrophilic unstable protein, which showed the closest genetic distance from sheep. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Emission characteristics of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor concentrations in step cage-rearing layer farms DING Lin, YU Weixiang, TAN Chunmei, YING Yongfei 2024, 65 (9):  2198-2205.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230700 Abstract ( 103 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (4394KB) ( 141 )   It is of profound significance to carry out research on the emission characteristics of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in typical large-scale layer farms to improve the air quality of chicken houses, reduce pollution from poultry breeding, and control harmful gas emissions. In this paper, the concentration of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor inside and outside the chicken house in winter, spring and summer of a step cage-rearing layer farm in Zhejiang Province was detected and analyzed, and the ammonia emission rate of each laying hen was calculated. The results showed that the average concentration of NH3 in different seasons was significantly different, the highest was in winter (14.46 mg·m-3), H2S gas was detected only in winter in the chicken house, and the change law of NH3 and H2S in different positions in the chicken house was different in different seasons, and the NH3 concentration near the entrance and exhaust outlet in winter and summer was easily affected by the air flow, and the NH3 and H2S concentrations detected in the central area of the chicken house were more representative of the odor emission in the chicken house. Among the points outside the house, the NH3 concentration was the highest in summer except for the NH3 concentration at the air outlet of the chicken house, which was the highest in winter. The ammonia emission rates of chicken house in winter and summer were 3.09 and 18.87 mg·h-1 per chicken, the ammonia emission rate of the chicken house in summer was significantly greater than that in winter; The correlation analysis between NH3 and odor concentration showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.41, and the correlation between the two was poor. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of plant adaptation to low phophorus stress XIAO Chenxing, GAO Luyang, MA Zhiming 2024, 65 (9):  2206-2213.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230441 Abstract ( 326 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (1187KB) ( 381 )   Phosphorus is one of the important limiting factors for plant growth and development. Soluble inorganic phosphate in soil is easily fixed by metal ions, resulting in poorly soluble phosphorus or organic phosphorus, causing low phosphorus stress. In order to adapt to the low phosphorus environment, plants develop a series of adaptive mechanisms, including morphological, physiological and biochemical responses. With the development of molecular biology technology, a large number of genes involved in plant phosphorus homeostasis, such as phosphorus transporter genes, PHR transcription factors, SPX transcription factors, and miRNAs, have been successively cloned, and their functions and mechanisms have been elucidated. These genes interact to form complex systemic and local phosphorus signaling regulatory networks that collectively regulate phosphorus homeostasis in plants. Here, we reviewed the effects of low phosphorus stress on plant growth and development, as well as the research progress on the molecular mechanisms and signal regulatory networks of low phosphorus stress. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary analysis of the review on registration of microbial fertilizer ZHAI Xiucai 2024, 65 (9):  2214-2218.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230673 Abstract ( 119 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (3011KB) ( 182 )   Microbial fertilizer enterprises need to obtain the fertilizer registration certificate. Analyzing the registration status helps to understand the development situation of the industry. The research reviewed the registration data of microbial fertilizers up to June 2022, and analyzed the types of the registered products, the number of enterprises, the regional distribution of enterprises and the microbial count of the products. In total, 9 980 valid registration certificates were obtained by 3 478 enterprises covering nationwide. There were 3 categories, 10 products and 3 forms of microbial fertilizers, the more products were microbial inoculants (48.1%), microbial organic fertilizers (29.3%) and compound microbial fertilizers (17.5%). In 2018, with the relaxation of policy, the microbial fertilizer industry expanded rapidly, with 3 794 registrations. Since then, more than 1 000 registrations have been registered yearly, accounting for 86% of the total registrations in the past five years. The microbial fertilizer industry distributed widely in Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Hubei, Guangdong, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi and Xinjiang, with the number of enterprise and product accounting for more than 70% of the country. Only 3.1% of enterprises have obtained 10 or more registration certificates, with 35 certificates at most, while 84.7% of enterprises have only obtained 1 to 4. Most of the microbial count were less than 1 billion, with <1 billion-0.02 billion CFU·g-1accounting for 92.39%, <10 billion-1 billion CFU·g-1 accounting for 6.17%, <100 billion-10 billion CFU·g-1 accounting for 0.98%, and ≥100 billion CFU·g-1 accounting for 0.46%. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amylolyticus and Bacillus licheniformis could produce 100 billion CFU·g-1 or more, the highest was Bacillus amylolyticus ≥600 billion CFU·g-1, followed by Bacillus subtilis ≥500 billion CFU·g-1. Taken together, the microbial fertilizer industry has entered a period of rapid and stable development, but most of the products are low in microbial count, and most enterprises have a single product category. Developing high-quality products with high strain count and high stability maybe a major way to occupy the market share of microbial fertilizer in the future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current research status and perspectives of liquid fertilizer based on kitchen biogas slurry FAN Beibei, HAN Guorong, PAN Chengjie, CUI Yong, WEI Yuquan, MU Kangguo 2024, 65 (9):  2219-2223.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230091 Abstract ( 118 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1089KB) ( 312 )   Aerobic digestion technology is the main treatment method of kitchen waste in China. Clean energy biogas can be generated during the aerobic fermentation process of kitchen waste, and a large amount of biogas liquids slurry can be generated. The treatment of biogas restricts the rapid development of the kitchen waste industry. The kitchen biogas slurry contains a large amount of nutrients and active substances that are beneficial to plant growth, and have high fertilizer use value. Based on published references, this study sorted out the current status of kitchen biogas slurry and their value-added products, and put forward the prospects and suggestions for the use of fertilization of kitchen biogas slurry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of plastic film pollution on farmland soil and crops and its control LIU Ying, CHANG Junfeng, LI Chen, HUANG Wenxing, SHI Junsheng, XU Xiangbo, MA Youhua 2024, 65 (9):  2224-2230.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230083 Abstract ( 140 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1386KB) ( 219 )   Plastic film has the functions of increasing temperature and water weeding and saving fertilizer in agricultural production, however, with the expansion of plastic film coverage, unreasonable use and lack of residual film recovery mechanism, a large number of plastic films remain in the soil, causing adverse effects on soil properties, crop yield and growth and development. This paper summarizes the research progress of residual film on soil physicochemical properties, biological properties, crop yield and quality, analyzes the influencing factors of plastic film pollution, and puts forward the control countermeasures of plastic film pollution from the aspects of policies, regulations and research and development of plastic film technology, aiming to provide scientific guidance and reference for the monitoring and treatment of plastic film pollution and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment and source analysis of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils around abandoned lead-zinc mine in Jingning County CHEN Zhenhua, LIU Dan 2024, 65 (9):  2231-2235.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230033 Abstract ( 85 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1477KB) ( 239 )   In order to comprehensively evaluate the status of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil around abandoned mining area, in this study, heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As and Ni in farmland around a historically abandoned lead-zinc mining area in Xiaocu Village, Hongxing Street, Jingning She Autonomous County were selected as the research objects. A total of 12 farmland soil sampling sites were set up, and 24 soil samples of 0-20 cm and >20-40 cm were collected. The pollution level of heavy metals was evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, and the pollution source was analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The average contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As, Ni and Cd in 0-20 cm (>20-40 cm) soil were 25.83 (24.17), 277.00 (317.67), 124.96 (147.71), 10.75 (20.08) and 3.68 (10.64), 5.67 (7.00), 1.07 (0.98) mg·kg-1; The contents of Zn, Pb and Cd were higher than the background values of Zhejiang Province, while the contents of Cu, Cr, As and Ni were lower than the background values. Based on the screening value of “Soil Environmental Quality Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Risk Control Standard” (GB 15618-2018), the single factor pollution index showed that Cu, Cr, As and Ni were currently in a clean and pollution-free state, Zn and Pb were in a light pollution level to a light pollution level, and Cd was in a lighted pollution level to a heavy pollution level. The results of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index showed that the average composite index of heavy metal pollution in this area was 2.21, which belonged to the medium pollution level. Principal component analysis showed that there were two main sources of 7 heavy metals in farmland soil in this area. Factor 1 included Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, which was mainly influenced by human factors. Factor 2 included Cr, As and Ni, which was mainly affected by the parent material. At present, the main pollution factors of farmland in the study area are Zn, Pb and Cd, among which Cd content is the highest, which is mainly related to human factors. Therefore, special attention should be paid to Cd pollution in the future agricultural production process. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on acidification and compaction characteristics of red soils in subtropical low hilly orchards DING Liqun, CHEN Yuhang, ZHANG Mingkui 2024, 65 (9):  2236-2238.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230064 Abstract ( 80 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1062KB) ( 158 )   Taking Quzhou City as an example, 23 red soil orchards in the subtropical low hilly region with different planting times were selected to measure pH value, exchangeable acid, bulk density, and moisture constants of both surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (>20-40 cm) soils. The effects of planting time on soil acidification and compaction were analyzed. The results showed that pH value of the surface and subsurface soils in low hilly orchards ranged from 4.86 to 5.74 and 4.65 to 5.87, respectively, and most of them were acidic soils. Exchangeable acids of the surface and subsurface soils ranged from 1.69 to 5.14 and from 1.35 to 5.62 cmol·kg-1, respectively. The bulk density of the surface and subsurface soils was 1.23-1.38 and 1.32-1.61 g·cm-3, respectively, and bulk density of the subsurface soils was significantly higher than that of the surface soils. With the planting time increased, the soil pH value decreased and the exchangeability increased, and the bulk density of the surface soils firstly increased and then decreased, while the bulk density of the subsurface soils continued to increase. Correspondingly, the total porosity of the soils showed a significant decrease. Research suggested that long-term application of chemical fertilizers and lack of deep cultivation could lead to further soil acidification and compaction of the subsurface soils in the orchards, affecting the water storage capacity of the soils, precipitation infiltration, growth of fruit tree roots, and nutrient uptake and utilization by the tree. Therefore, it is necessary to implement measures such as acidity correction and deep tillage and soil loosening for low hilly orchards that have been planted for a long time. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the evolution of spatiotemporal characteristics of dominant transformation of cultivated land use in counties SUN Pei, SUN Huan, ZHANG Dong, ZHANG Chi, YI Jiewei, KANG Quanguo, YIN Wei, YUAN Zhiyang 2024, 65 (9):  2239-2244.  DOI: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230069 Abstract ( 106 )   HTML ( 191 )   PDF (7080KB) ( 115 )   The temporal and spatial characteristics of the dominant transformation of cultivated land use in Danjiangkou City were studied to provide scientific basis for sustainable development and rational development of county cultivated land. Based on the land change survey data of four periods from 2009 to 2021, land use transition matrix, contribution rate, amplitude and velocity models of cultivated land change were constructed to reveal qualitative and quantitative spatio temporal change characteristics of cultivated land quantity form and spatial form from the dominant perspective. The results showed: From 2009 to 2021, the amount and form of cultivated land use transformation in Danjiangkou City changed greatly, with a net decrease of 10 900.73 hm2 (30.16%). In terms of time segments, the conversion area of cultivated land in Danjiangkou City during 2017-2021 was the largest, which was as high as 10 323.43 hm2. In Danjiangkou, the change amplitude and speed of cultivated land morphology were significantly different in space, and the change amplitude was concentrated in the villages and towns around the western part of Danjiangkou, while the areas with large change velocity were mainly distributed in the eastern and northern parts of Danjiangkou. The spatio temporal characteristics of the dominant transformation of cultivated land use in Danjiangkou City from 2009 to 2021 have some regular differences, which is of great significance for the identification of the transformation of cultivated land use in counties and the appropriate adjustment of cultivated land use. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics