缓释肥定额施用对双季晚稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20230746

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨缓释肥定额制施用对双季晚稻产量、氮素积累量及氮肥利用率的影响,为浙南地区晚稻生产上推广应用缓释肥定额制施肥技术提供理论依据。采用大田试验,在瑞安市飞云街道和马屿镇同时设置不施氮肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF1)、常规减量施氮(CF2)、配方肥定额制施用(PF)和缓释肥定额制施用(SF)5个处理。结果表明,与CF1处理相比,CF2处理使晚稻增产2.65%~4.88%。PF和SF处理较CF1处理晚稻分别增产8.00%~9.76%和10.20%~12.70%;较CF2处理分别增产4.65%~5.20%和7.34%~7.45%。SF处理的增效效果优于PF处理。与CF1和CF2处理相比,SF处理提高了晚稻氮肥表观利用率、农学效率和偏生产力,而PF处理的晚稻氮肥利用率在2个试验点表现有所差异。综上,对于浙南地区双季晚稻生产,缓释肥定额制施用具有省工增效的作用,具有积极的推广应用价值。

关键词: 晚稻, 定额施肥, 缓释肥, 产量, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

This study aimed to assess the effects of slow-release fertilizer quota application on yield, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency of double-cropping late rice. This paper would provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of slow-release fertilizer quota fertilization technology in late rice in southern Zhejiang. Five treatments were set up simultaneously in Feiyun and Mayu Town of Ruian City: no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilization (CF1), conventional reduced nitrogen application (CF2), formula fertilizer quota application (PF) and slow-release fertilizer quota application (SF). The results showed that compared with CF1 treatment, CF2 treatment increased the yield of late rice by 2.65%-4.88%. Compared with CF1 treatment, the yield of PF and SF increased by 8.00%-9.76% and 10.20%-12.70%, respectively. Compared with CF2 treatment, the yield of PF and SF increased by 4.65%-5.20% and 7.34%-7.45%, respectively. The synergistic effect of SF treatment was better than that of PF treatment. Compared with CF1 and CF2 treatments, SF treatment improved the apparent nitrogen fertilizer utilization, agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of late rice, while the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of late rice treated by PF treatment was different in the two experimental sites. In summary, for the production of double-cropping late rice in southern Zhejiang, the application of slow-release fertilizer quota system has the effect of saving labor and increasing efficiency, and has positive promotion and application value.

Key words: late rice, quota fertilization, slow-release fertilizer, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S511

麻理亚, 胡泽凡, 叶挺云, 陈照明. 缓释肥定额施用对双季晚稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(10): 2373-2377.

MA Liya, HU Zefan, YE Tingyun, CHEN Zhaoming. Effects of quota application of slow-release fertilizer on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in a double-cropping late rice[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 65(10): 2373-2377.

图/表 3

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处理	飞云街道			马屿镇
处理	产量/(kg·hm^-2)	与CK相比增产/%	与CF1相比增产/%	产量/(kg·hm^-2)	与CK相比增产/%	与CF1相比增产/%
CK	6 409 d	0	-11.06	6 883 c	0	9.90
CF1	7 206 c	12.4	0	7 639 b	11.0	0
CF2	7 558 b	17.9	4.88	7 842 b	13.9	2.65
PF	7 909 a	23.4	9.76	8 250 a	19.9	8.00
SF	8 121 a	26.7	12.70	8 418 a	22.3	10.20

处理	飞云街道			马屿镇
处理	产量/(kg·hm^-2)	与CK相比增产/%	与CF1相比增产/%	产量/(kg·hm^-2)	与CK相比增产/%	与CF1相比增产/%
CK	6 409 d	0	-11.06	6 883 c	0	9.90
CF1	7 206 c	12.4	0	7 639 b	11.0	0
CF2	7 558 b	17.9	4.88	7 842 b	13.9	2.65
PF	7 909 a	23.4	9.76	8 250 a	19.9	8.00
SF	8 121 a	26.7	12.70	8 418 a	22.3	10.20

处理	飞云街道			马屿镇
处理	籽粒氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	总氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	总氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)
CK	73.2 c	27.4 c	100.6 c	60.1 c	26.5 c	86.7 c
CF1	97.9 ab	58.6 b	156.5 b	87.9 ab	74.6 a	162.5 ab
CF2	92.6 b	60.9 ab	153.5 b	82.0 b	74.0 a	156.0 b
PF	98.6 ab	64.8 a	163.4 a	83.9 b	75.4 a	159.4 b
SF	100.7 a	64.8 a	163.5 a	92.5 a	76.6 a	169.0 a

处理	飞云街道			马屿镇
处理	籽粒氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	总氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)	总氮素积累量/ (kg·hm^-2)
CK	73.2 c	27.4 c	100.6 c	60.1 c	26.5 c	86.7 c
CF1	97.9 ab	58.6 b	156.5 b	87.9 ab	74.6 a	162.5 ab
CF2	92.6 b	60.9 ab	153.5 b	82.0 b	74.0 a	156.0 b
PF	98.6 ab	64.8 a	163.4 a	83.9 b	75.4 a	159.4 b
SF	100.7 a	64.8 a	163.5 a	92.5 a	76.6 a	169.0 a

处理	飞云街道			马屿镇
处理	氮肥表观利用率/ %	氮肥农学效率/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥表观利用率/ %	氮肥农学效率/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力/ (kg·kg^-1)
CF1	25.8 c	3.54 c	32.0 c	33.5 c	3.35 c	34.0 c
CF2	29.0 b	6.05 b	39.8 b	36.2 b	5.04 b	41.3 b
PF	34.1 a	7.90 ab	41.6 ab	38.0 ab	7.19 a	43.4 ab
SF	35.3 a	9.01 a	42.7 a	43.1 a	8.08 a	44.3 a