木醋液水溶肥在新疆西瓜种植上的应用

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240472

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究木醋液水溶肥对西瓜生长及土壤改良的效果,本研究以金城5号西瓜为试材,在新疆盐碱地区开展田间试验,设置施用木醋液水溶肥的处理与未施用的对照,系统测定土壤理化性质及西瓜生长指标、品质与产量的变化。结果表明:与对照相比,施用木醋液水溶肥可改善土壤质量,使土壤pH值显著(p<0.05)降低8.86%,铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著提高23.37%、19.38%和19.75%;同时促进植株生长发育,叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)显著增加41.43%;瓜横径、瓜纵径和单瓜重分别显著提高10.40%、12.47%和43.34%,外观品质与产量均得到有效提升。综上,增施木醋液水溶肥是改良盐碱土壤并提升西瓜品质与产量的有效农艺措施。

关键词: 木醋液, 水溶肥, 西瓜, 种植, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of wood vinegar water-soluble fertilizer on watermelon growth and soil improvement, a field experiment was conducted in the saline-alkali region of Xinjiang, China, using Jincheng No. 5 watermelon as the test material. Treatment with application of wood vinegar water-soluble fertilizer and a control without it were established, and soil physicochemical properties as well as the growth, yield and quality of watermelon were systematically measured. The results showed that compared with the control, the application treatment improved the soil quality, as the pH value was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 8.86% and contents of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly increased by 23.37%, 19.38%, and 19.75%, respectively. The application treatment also promoted the growth and development of watermelon, significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) by 41.43%; The fruit diameter, longitudinal diameter, and single fruit weight increased significantly by 10.40%, 12.47%, and 43.34%, respectively, resulting in effective improvements in both visual quality and yield. In conclusion, the application of wood vinegar water-soluble fertilizer is an effective agronomic measure for ameliorating saline-alkali soil and improving watermelon quality and yield.

Key words: wood vinegar, water-soluble fertilizer, watermelon, cultivation, quality

中图分类号:

S651

刘霞, 张利亚, 师豪, 石韶阳. 木醋液水溶肥在新疆西瓜种植上的应用[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(12): 2978-2980.

LIU Xia, ZHANG Liya, SHI Hao, SHI Shaoyang. Application of wood vinegar water-soluble fertilizer in watermelon cultivation in Xinjiang of China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(12): 2978-2980.

图/表 3

参考文献 11

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处理	pH值	铵态氮含量/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1)
木醋液组	6.58±0.12 b	118.67±13.12 a	320.90±14.13 a	314.50±21.23 a
对照组	7.22±0.21 a	96.19±12.51 b	268.80±15.32 b	262.62±20.46 b

处理	pH值	铵态氮含量/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1)
木醋液组	6.58±0.12 b	118.67±13.12 a	320.90±14.13 a	314.50±21.23 a
对照组	7.22±0.21 a	96.19±12.51 b	268.80±15.32 b	262.62±20.46 b

处理	叶绿素相对含量 (SPAD值)	叶片厚度/ mm	主蔓茎粗/ mm	节间长度/ mm	叶片长度/ mm	叶片宽度/ mm
木醋液组	67.66±2.64 a	0.85±0.03 a	7.67±0.12 a	93.15±12.31 a	195.83±8.12 a	180.31±6.37 a
对照组	47.84±2.32 b	0.70±0.02 b	6.74±0.14 b	95.48±13.06 a	192.20±6.39 a	173.40±6.34 b

处理	叶绿素相对含量 (SPAD值)	叶片厚度/ mm	主蔓茎粗/ mm	节间长度/ mm	叶片长度/ mm	叶片宽度/ mm
木醋液组	67.66±2.64 a	0.85±0.03 a	7.67±0.12 a	93.15±12.31 a	195.83±8.12 a	180.31±6.37 a
对照组	47.84±2.32 b	0.70±0.02 b	6.74±0.14 b	95.48±13.06 a	192.20±6.39 a	173.40±6.34 b

处理	瓜横径/mm	瓜纵径/mm	果皮厚度/mm	中心糖度/%	侧边糖度/%	单瓜重/kg
木醋液组	367.00±4.23 a	282.75±2.15 a	6.56±0.14 b	12.3±0.91 a	11.2±1.35 a	14.52±0.79 a
对照组	332.50±4.51 b	251.40±2.23 b	8.08±0.12 a	11.8±1.03 a	10.1±1.40 a	10.13±0.97 b