不同基质分层配比对芦笋幼苗生长发育的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240690

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据芦笋幼苗根部生长发育的特点,研究不同基质分层配比对芦笋育苗的影响。本研究采用草炭土、椰糠、珍珠岩等6种基质设置7个处理进行芦笋育苗,并调查各处理芦笋幼苗的出苗率和成苗率、地上部分和根系生长发育指标以及生理指标等。结果表明,松树皮、椰糠、草炭土体积比1∶3∶2的基质分层配比最有利于芦笋幼苗根系生长发育,珍珠岩、草炭土、松树皮体积比1∶3∶2的基质分层配比最有利于地上部的生长发育,出苗率和成苗率最高,对根系生长发育的影响效果仅次于前者。与常规复混基质相比,上述2种基质分层配比兼具保水性和透气性,可显著促进芦笋幼苗根系发育,实现生根壮苗的目的。

关键词: 芦笋, 育苗, 基质分层配比, 生长发育

Abstract:

According to the characteristics of growth and development of asparagus seedlings, the effects of different substrate layering ratios on asparagus seedlings were studied. In this study, 7 treatments were set up on six substrates, such as peat soil, coconut coir, and perlite, and the emergence rate and seedling rate, aboveground and root growth and development indicators, as well as physiological indicators of asparagus seedlings in each treatment were investigated. The results showed that a substrate layering ratio of 1∶3∶2 of pine bark, coconut coir, and peat soil was most beneficial for the growth and development of asparagus seedling roots, while a substrate layering ratio of 1∶3∶2 of perlite, peat soil, and pine bark was most beneficial for the growth and development of aboveground seedling. The emergence rate, and seedling rate with a substrate layering ratio of 1∶3∶2 of perlite, peat soil, and pine bark were the highest, and the effect on root growth and development was second only to the substrate layering ratio of 1∶3∶2 of pine bark, coconut coir, and peat soil. Compared with the conventional composite substrate, the above two substrate layering ratios with both water retention and breathability can significantly promote the development of asparagus seedling roots and realize the purpose of rooting and strengthening seedlings.

Key words: asparagus, seedling cultivation, substrate layering ratio, growth and development

中图分类号:

S644.6

俞可欣, 杨响响, 施建军, 施渭尧, 赵国良, 张旭娟. 不同基质分层配比对芦笋幼苗生长发育的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(11): 2649-2653.

YU Kexin, YANG Xiangxiang, SHI Jianjun, SHI Weiyao, ZHAO Guoliang, ZHANG Xujuan. Effects of different substrate layering ratios on growth and development of asparagus seedling[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(11): 2649-2653.

图/表 7

表1 不同基质分层配比对芦笋出苗率、出苗指数和成苗率的影响

Table 1 Effects of different substrate layering ratios on emergence rate, emergence index, and seedling rate of asparagus

处理	出苗率/%	出苗指数	成苗率/%
T1	27.8 c	0.20 d	66.7 b
T2	94.4 a	0.64 b	94.4 a
T3	100.0 a	0.88 a	100.0 a
T4	77.8 ab	0.67 b	77.8 b
T5	94.4 a	0.72 b	94.4 a
T6	55.6 b	0.50 c	77.8 b
CK	88.9 a	0.77 ab	94.4 a

图1 不同分层配比基质中芦笋幼苗的株高同天数柱上无相同小写字母表示组间差异显著(p<0.05)。下图同。

Fig.1 Plant height of asparagus seedlings in substrates with different layering ratios

图2 不同分层配比基质中芦笋幼苗的发茎数

Fig.2 Number of shoots of asparagus seedlings in substrates with different layering ratios

表2 不同分层配比基质中芦笋幼苗的茎粗和生育指数

Table 2 Stem diameter and growth index of asparagus seedlings in substrates with different layering ratios

处理	茎粗/cm	生育指数
T1	0.12 b	2.53 d
T2	0.15 a	16.30 b
T3	0.15 a	23.57 a
T4	0.11 c	2.88 d
T5	0.12 b	6.18 c
T6	0.11 c	3.59 d
CK	0.14 ab	18.90 ab

图3 不同分层配比基质中芦笋幼苗的叶绿素含量

Fig.3 Chlorophyll content of asparagus seedlings in substrates with different layering ratios

表3 不同分层配比基质中芦笋幼苗的根系发育情况

Table 3 Root development of asparagus seedlings in substrates with different layering ratios

处理	根长/cm	肉质根数	根鲜重/g	根冠比	根干重/g
T1	7.5 c	2.6 c	0.150 c	0.725 d	0.030 b
T2	16.4 a	5.0 a	0.899 a	1.138 b	0.098 a
T3	15.3 a	4.8 a	0.861 a	0.951 c	0.100 a
T4	15.4 a	2.6 c	0.255 c	1.861 a	0.045 b
T5	15.1 a	2.9 c	0.312 c	1.372 b	0.050 b
T6	12.2 b	2.6 c	0.275 c	1.723 a	0.046 b
CK	15.2 a	3.6 b	0.640 b	0.929 c	0.080 a

图4 不同分层配比基质中芦笋幼苗的根系活力

Fig.4 Root activity of asparagus seedlings in substrates with different layering ratios

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