不同氮肥梯度和氮磷钾配比对再生稻产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240839

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索再生稻高产优质的施肥模式,2023年在湖南省益阳市赫山区以爽两优138为材料,设置3个氮肥梯度(N1、N2、N3,施氮量依次为纯N 150、210、270 kg·hm^-2)和2个氮磷钾配比(P1、P2,N、P₂O₅、K₂O的质量比分别为1.0∶0.5∶1.0和1.0∶0.6∶1.2)开展田间试验,研究了不同氮肥用量与氮磷钾配比对再生稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明:整体上,随着氮肥用量增加,再生稻头季产量呈现出先增后减的趋势,再生季的垩白粒率和垩白度呈现先降后升的趋势,胶稠度、直链淀粉含量表现为先增后减。氮磷钾配比对产量以及品质的影响较小。分析发现,再生稻的头季产量以N2P2最高,再生季产量以N3P2最高,周年产量以N2P2最高。在品质方面,N3P2直链淀粉含量和糊化特性适中,但外观品质最差;N2P2外观品质最好,且其糊化特性以及食味品质都较好。综上,再生稻爽两优138的最佳施肥模式为N2P2组合,有利于实现高产与优质的平衡。

关键词: 再生稻, 施氮量, 肥料运筹, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the high-yield and high-quality fertilization model of ratoon rice, a field experiment was conducted in Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province in 2023, using Shuangliangyou 138 as the material. Three nitrogen fertilizer gradients (N1, N2, N3, with nitrogen application rates of 150, 210, and 270 kg·hm^-2 respectively) and two nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) ratios (P1, P2, with N, P₂O₅, K₂O mass ratios of 1.0∶0.5∶1.0 and 1.0∶0.6∶1.2 respectively) were set up to study fertilizer the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates and ratios on the yield and quality of ratoon rice. The results showed that, on the whole, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate, the first season yield of ratoon rice showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, the chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree of regenerative season decreased first and then increased, the gel consistency and the amylose content increased first and then decreased. The effect of (N-P-K) ratio on yield and quality was relatively small. The highest yield of the first season was N2P2, the highest yield of the ratoon season was N3P2, and the highest annual yield was N2P2. In terms of quality, N3P2 had moderate amylose content and pasting properties, but the worst appearance quality. N2P2 had the best appearance quality, and both pasting properties and taste quality were good. In conclusion, the optimal fertilization model for ratoon rice Shuangliangyou 138 is the N2P2 combination, which is conducive to achieving a balance between high yield and high quality.

Key words: ratoon rice, nitrogen application rate, fertilizer management, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S511

文帅, 梁玲玉, 王月丽, 孙曼文, 罗龙欣, 赵旺辉, 段照, 王学华. 不同氮肥梯度和氮磷钾配比对再生稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(11): 2556-2561.

WEN Shuai, LIANG Lingyu, WANG Yueli, SUN Manwen, LUO Longxin, ZHAO Wanghui, DUAN Zhao, WANG Xuehua. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer gradients and ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield and quality of ratoon rice[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(11): 2556-2561.

图/表 5

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处理	穗数/ (穗·m^-2)	每穗总粒数/ 粒	结实率/ %	千粒重/ g	理论产量/ (t·hm^-2)	实际产量/ (t·hm^-2)
N1P1	227.78±9.34 ab	209.07±5.08 bc	88.00±0.03 a	25.12±0.20 a	10.40±1.04 bc	8.60±0.05 bc
N1P2	239.22±6.85 a	210.77±4.19 bc	86.00±0.03 a	24.44±1.06 a	10.97±0.81 abc	9.05±0.64 ab
N2P1	230.25±13.70 ab	222.87±9.96 ab	88.33±0.01 a	25.23±0.42 a	11.43±0.12 ab	9.13±0.06 ab
N2P2	245.20±6.85 a	236.70±8.00 a	88.00±0.01 a	24.69±0.32 a	12.63±0.57 a	9.35±0.36 a
N3P1	209.32±5.18 b	198.63±10.18 c	86.67±0.01 a	24.46±0.26 a	9.70±0.87 bc	8.12±0.19 c
N3P2	227.26±11.29 ab	205.67±11.41 bc	87.22±0.02 a	23.26±1.92 a	9.47±1.52 c	8.13±0.08 c

处理	穗数/ (穗·m^-2)	每穗总粒数/ 粒	结实率/ %	千粒重/ g	理论产量/ (t·hm^-2)	实际产量/ (t·hm^-2)
N1P1	227.78±9.34 ab	209.07±5.08 bc	88.00±0.03 a	25.12±0.20 a	10.40±1.04 bc	8.60±0.05 bc
N1P2	239.22±6.85 a	210.77±4.19 bc	86.00±0.03 a	24.44±1.06 a	10.97±0.81 abc	9.05±0.64 ab
N2P1	230.25±13.70 ab	222.87±9.96 ab	88.33±0.01 a	25.23±0.42 a	11.43±0.12 ab	9.13±0.06 ab
N2P2	245.20±6.85 a	236.70±8.00 a	88.00±0.01 a	24.69±0.32 a	12.63±0.57 a	9.35±0.36 a
N3P1	209.32±5.18 b	198.63±10.18 c	86.67±0.01 a	24.46±0.26 a	9.70±0.87 bc	8.12±0.19 c
N3P2	227.26±11.29 ab	205.67±11.41 bc	87.22±0.02 a	23.26±1.92 a	9.47±1.52 c	8.13±0.08 c

处理	穗数/ (穗·m^-2)	每穗总粒数/ 粒	结实率/ %	千粒重/ g	理论产量/ (t·hm^-2)	实际产量/ (t·hm^-2)	周年产量/ (t·hm^-2)
N1P1	444.06±28.01 b	64.27±4.53 b	81.34±0.01 a	19.98±0.37 a	4.64±0.20 c	4.45±0.06 b	13.05±0.07 b
N1P2	444.06±8.98 b	69.27±1.88 b	81.00±0.02 a	19.88±0.75 a	4.96±0.35 bc	4.49±0.20 b	13.54±0.82 ab
N2P1	442.56±15.75 b	68.70±3.43 b	82.02±0.02 a	19.86±0.42 a	4.97±0.29 bc	4.64±0.07 b	13.77±0.01 ab
N2P2	453.03±4.49 ab	70.03±0.75 b	76.86±0.02 a	20.50±0.51 a	5.01±0.15 bc	4.75±0.09 b	14.10±0.44 a
N3P1	518.81±54.26 a	66.10±1.19 b	80.00±0.07 a	19.51±0.54 a	5.32±0.45 b	5.22±0.07 a	13.52±0.29 ab
N3P2	487.42±15.75 ab	79.93±0.64 a	77.82±0.06 a	19.49±0.57 a	5.91±0.07 a	5.51±0.30 a	13.74±0.30 ab

处理	穗数/ (穗·m^-2)	每穗总粒数/ 粒	结实率/ %	千粒重/ g	理论产量/ (t·hm^-2)	实际产量/ (t·hm^-2)	周年产量/ (t·hm^-2)
N1P1	444.06±28.01 b	64.27±4.53 b	81.34±0.01 a	19.98±0.37 a	4.64±0.20 c	4.45±0.06 b	13.05±0.07 b
N1P2	444.06±8.98 b	69.27±1.88 b	81.00±0.02 a	19.88±0.75 a	4.96±0.35 bc	4.49±0.20 b	13.54±0.82 ab
N2P1	442.56±15.75 b	68.70±3.43 b	82.02±0.02 a	19.86±0.42 a	4.97±0.29 bc	4.64±0.07 b	13.77±0.01 ab
N2P2	453.03±4.49 ab	70.03±0.75 b	76.86±0.02 a	20.50±0.51 a	5.01±0.15 bc	4.75±0.09 b	14.10±0.44 a
N3P1	518.81±54.26 a	66.10±1.19 b	80.00±0.07 a	19.51±0.54 a	5.32±0.45 b	5.22±0.07 a	13.52±0.29 ab
N3P2	487.42±15.75 ab	79.93±0.64 a	77.82±0.06 a	19.49±0.57 a	5.91±0.07 a	5.51±0.30 a	13.74±0.30 ab

处理	粒长/mm	粒宽/mm	长宽比	垩白粒率/%	垩白度	透明度
N1P1	3.57±0.07 a	2.01±0.01 a	1.77±0.03 a	13.57±3.11 bc	3.37±0.32 bc	2
N1P2	3.36±0.25 a	1.97±0.03 ab	1.69±0.10 a	11.99±1.69 bc	3.45±0.65 abc	2
N2P1	3.46±0.06 a	1.99±0.01 ab	1.73±0.03 a	14.13±3.21 b	4.08±0.94 ab	2
N2P2	3.32±0.11 a	1.97±0.02 ab	1.67±0.04 a	9.80±0.64 c	2.63±0.56 c	2
N3P1	3.35±0.16 a	1.96±0.02 b	1.69±0.07 a	14.85±0.64 ab	4.49±0.43 a	2
N3P2	3.42±0.04 a	1.99±0.02 ab	1.71±0.01 a	17.94±1.17 a	4.54±0.27 a	2