不同生长时期灵芝提取物对糖脂代谢关键酶活性的抑制

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灵芝是一种非常重要的食药用菌,富含多种活性成分,具有广泛的药理活性。本文系统比较了灵芝不同生长时期的乙醇提取物和粗多糖对糖脂代谢关键酶的活性抑制率。研究发现,开片期乙醇提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-糖苷酶的活性抑制率最高,而原基期的乙醇提取物对脂肪酶的活性抑制率最高。灵芝粗多糖对α-淀粉酶、α-糖苷酶和脂肪酶的活性抑制率最高分别出现在原基期、开片期和成熟期。本研究可指导灵芝采收期的选择和产品开发。

关键词: 灵芝, 提取物, 糖脂代谢酶, 活性抑制率

Abstract:

Ganoderma lucidum is a highly valued medicinal and edible mushroom rich in bioactive components with broad pharmacological activities. This study systematically compared the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts and crude polysaccharides from G. lucidum at different growth stages on the activity of key enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The results revealed that ethanol extracts from the cap-opening stage exhibited the highest inhibition rates on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, while those from the primordial stage showed the strongest inhibition on lipase. For crude polysaccharides, the maximum inhibition rates on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase were observed during the primordial, cap-opening, and mature stages, respectively. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing the harvesting period of G. lucidum and guiding its product development.

Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, extracts, glucose and lipid metabolism enzymes, inhibition activity rate

中图分类号:

S567.31

赵睿萌, 吴志鹏, 蓝柳鑫, 徐周伟, 陈锦荣, 吕国英, 王梦雨, 张作法. 不同生长时期灵芝提取物对糖脂代谢关键酶活性的抑制[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(6): 1477-1481.

ZHAO Ruimeng, WU Zhipeng, LAN Liuxin, XU Zhouwei, CHEN Jinrong, LYU Guoying, WANG Mengyu, ZHANG Zuofa. Inhibition of key enzymes in glucose and lipid metabolism by extracts from Ganoderma lucidum at different growth stages[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(6): 1477-1481.

图/表 7

图1 不同生长时期的灵芝

Fig.1 Ganoderma lucidum at different growth stages

图2 不同生长时期的灵芝乙醇提取物对α-淀粉酶活性的抑制效果

Fig.2 Inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts from Ganoderma lucidum at different growth stages on α-amylase activity

图3 不同生长时期灵芝粗多糖对α-淀粉酶活性的抑制

Fig.3 Inhibitory effect of crude polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum at different growth stages on α-amylase activity

图4 不同生长时期灵芝的乙醇提取物对α-糖苷酶活性的抑制

Fig.4 Inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts from Ganoderma lucidum at different growth stages on α-glucosidase activity

图5 不同生长时期灵芝粗多糖对α-糖苷酶活性的抑制

Fig.5 Inhibitory effect of crude polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum at different growth stages on α-glucosidase activity

图6 不同生长时期灵芝的乙醇提取物对脂肪酶活性的抑制

Fig.6 Inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts from Ganoderma lucidum at different growth stages on lipase activity

图7 不同生长时期灵芝粗多糖对脂肪酶活性的抑制

Fig.7 Inhibitory effect of crude polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum at different growth stages on lipase activity

参考文献 29

[1]	LIU T, ZHOU J C, LI W X, et al. Effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum on growth performance, antioxidant function and immune response of broilers[J]. Animal Nutrition, 2020, 6(1): 39-46.
[2]	FU Y L, SHI L, DING K. Structure elucidation and anti-tumor activity in vivo of a polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 141: 693-699.
[3]	XU Y, ZHANG X, YAN X H, et al. Characterization, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 135: 706-716.
[4]	LI T Q, YU H R, SONG Y Y, et al. Protective effects of Ganoderma triterpenoids on cadmium-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in chicken livers[J]. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2019, 52: 118-125.
[5]	何慧, 谢笔钧, 吕玉华, 等. 发酵灵芝粉中肽类化合物的分离及其生物活性研究[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 1997(5): 416-421.
[6]	潘俊, 刘秀嶶, 石萍萍, 等. 白肉灵芝化学成分及体外抗氧化活性分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2021, 42(9): 340-346.
[7]	BABY S, JOHNSON A J, GOVINDAN B. Secondary metabolites from Ganoderma[J]. Phytochemistry, 2015, 114: 66-101.
[8]	AHMAD M F. Ganoderma lucidum: a rational pharmacological approach to surmount cancer[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020, 260: 113047.
[9]	RYU D H, CHO J Y, SADIQ N B, et al. Optimization of antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and ganoderic acid content of differentially dried Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology[J]. Food Chemistry, 2021, 335: 127645.
[10]	ZHAO L C, WANG X, LI J X, et al. Effect of Cyclocarya paliurus on hypoglycemic effect in type 2 diabetic mice[J]. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 2019, 25: 2976-2983.
[11]	LU J H, HE R J, SUN P L, et al. Molecular mechanisms of bioactive polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi), a review[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 150: 765-774.
[12]	LI W J, NIE S P, YAN Y, et al. The protective effect of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes[J]. Life Sciences, 2009, 85(17/18): 634-641.
[13]	LIU Y J, ZHANG C Y, DU J L, et al. Protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in precision-cut carp liver slices[J]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2017, 43(5): 1209-1221.
[14]	FURUSAWA E, CHOU S C, FURUSAWA S, et al. Antitumour activity of Ganoderma lucidum, an edible mushroom, on intraperitoneally implanted lewis lung carcinoma in synergenic mice[J]. Phytotherapy Research, 1992, 6(6): 300-304.
[15]	赵蓉, 李多伟, 任涛, 等. DNS比色法测定白芸豆中α-淀粉酶抑制剂活性的方法研究[J]. 中成药, 2013(3): 573-576.
[16]	胡竟一, 雷玲, 刘亚欧, 等. 桑叶的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用研究[J]. 中药药理与临床, 2006(6): 44-45.
[17]	FRANCO R R, MOTA ALVES V H, RIBEIRO ZABISKY L F, et al. Antidiabetic potential of Bauhinia forficata Link leaves: a non-cytotoxic source of lipase and glycoside hydrolases inhibitors and molecules with antioxidant and antiglycation properties[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2020, 123: 109798.
[18]	CHAI Y W, WANG M Z, ZHANG G Y. Interaction between amylose and tea polyphenols modulates the postprandial glycemic response to high-amylose maize starch[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013, 61(36): 8608-8615.
[19]	GONG L X, FENG D N, WANG T X, et al. Inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase: Potential linkage for whole cereal foods on prevention of hyperglycemia[J]. Food Science & Nutrition, 2020, 8(12): 6320-6337.
[20]	TAYLOR R. Type 2 diabetes and remission: practical management guided by pathophysiology[J]. Journal of Internal Medicine, 2021, 289(6): 754-770.
[21]	NABSETH D C, GOODALE R L, REIF A E. Studies on the effect of intragastric cooling on acute experimental pancreatitis[J]. Surgery, 1960, 47: 542-547.
[22]	MANGAL P, KHARE P, JAGTAP S, et al. Screening of six Ayurvedic medicinal plants for anti-obesity potential: an investigation on bioactive constituents from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz bark[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2017, 197: 138-146.
[23]	RAHIM A T M A, TAKAHASHI Y, YAMAKI K. Mode of pancreatic lipase inhibition activity in vitro by some flavonoids and non-flavonoid polyphenols[J]. Food Research International, 2015, 75: 289-294.
[24]	白丽娟, 徐金东, 张一帆, 等. 灵芝对糖尿病及其并发症防治作用的研究进展[J]. 食用菌, 2019, 41(2): 3-7.
[25]	滕宝松. 灵芝有效降糖组分的筛选及降血糖机理研究[D]. 上海: 复旦大学, 2012.
[26]	ZHU K X, NIE S P, LI C, et al. A newly identified polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum attenuates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2013, 57: 142-150.
[27]	REN F, MENG C, CHEN W J, et al. Ganoderma amboinense polysaccharide prevents obesity by regulating gut microbiota in high-fat-diet mice[J]. Food Bioscience, 2021, 42: 101107.
[28]	宝萍萍, 图力古尔, 包海鹰. 栽培灵芝不同生长阶段多糖和三萜类化合物的含量测定[J]. 菌物研究, 2011, 9(2): 110-113, 118.
[29]	邢增涛, 周昌艳, 张劲松, 等. 不同生长阶段灵芝中微量元素与重金属含量分析[J]. 中药材, 2001, 24(7): 469-470.