化肥减施配施不同肥料对草莓生长发育和土壤肥力的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20250118

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以浙江嘉善地区大棚草莓为对象开展肥料减施对比试验,研究化肥减施配施不同肥料对草莓果实品质和土壤肥力的影响。试验结果表明,在常规基肥减氮20%的条件下,配施脲酶抑制型缓释肥、生物菌肥和商品有机肥均可明显提高草莓的产量和品质,且以脲酶抑制型缓释肥的表现最优;同时,3种新型肥料可以增加土壤养分含量,以商品有机肥的效果最优。综上所述,在减少化肥施用量的基础上,配施脲酶抑制型缓释肥、生物菌肥和商品有机肥等肥料,均可有效维持土壤养分供应,促进草莓生长发育,提高果实品质。

关键词: 草莓, 脲酶抑制型缓释肥, 生物菌肥, 化肥减施, 品质, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with different fertilizers on strawberry fruit quality and soil fertility in greenhouse in Jiashan City. The results showed that the application of urease-inhibiting slow-release fertilizer, biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer could greatly improve the yield and quality of strawberry under the condition of reducing nitrogen content by 20% with conventional base fertilizer, and the urease-inhibiting slow-release fertilizer performed the best, and the three new fertilizers can increase the soil nutrient contents, and the application of commercial organic fertilizer had the best effect. Totally, appropriate reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with urease-inhibiting slow-release fertilizer, biological fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer could effectively maintain the supply of soil nutrients, promote the growth of strawberry, and improve fruit quality.

Key words: strawberry, urease-inhibiting slow-release fertilizer, biological fertilizer, fertilizer reduction, quality, soil fertility

中图分类号:

S668.4

应霄, 许唯, 陈伟. 化肥减施配施不同肥料对草莓生长发育和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2026, 67(1): 216-221.

YING Xiao, XU Wei, CHEN Wei. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with different fertilizers on strawberry growth and soil fertility[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 67(1): 216-221.

图/表 5

表1 不同处理的草莓单果重与产量

Table 1 Single fruit weight and yield of strawberries under different treatments

处理	单果重/g	产量/(kg·hm^-2)
T1	27.07	14 824
T2	28.19	18 345
T3	33.68	16 475
T4	27.38	15 636

图1 不同处理的草莓果实品质柱间无相同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(p<0.05),无相同大写字母表示各处理间差异极显著(p<0.01),图3同。下同。

Fig.1 Strawberry fruit quality under different treatments

图2 各处理的肥料偏生产力

Fig.2 Partial productivity of fertilizers in different treatments

图3 各处理对土壤养分含量的影响

Fig.3 Effect of different treatment on soil nutrient content

图4 土壤理化性质与草莓产量的相关性

Fig.4 Correlation between soil physical and chemical properties and strawberry yield

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