设施促成栽培条件下不同序位坐果对梨果实品质的影响

doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240687

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明设施促成栽培条件下不同序位坐果对梨果实品质的影响,以塑料大棚栽培翠冠、翠玉、新玉梨为试材,分析保留不同花序序位果实时其成熟果实的表型指标及其相关性。结果表明:翠冠、翠玉和新玉的最大单果重分别在第4、第3和第1序位;翠冠和翠玉果实横径和纵径分别是第4和第3序位最大,新玉果实横径则为第1序位最大,纵径为第3序位最大;不同序位留果对翠冠和翠玉果形指数的影响均不显著,新玉的果形指数则随着序位的升高而升高;翠冠、翠玉和新玉的果柄均为第3序位最粗,第5序位最细;翠冠、翠玉和新玉的果实可溶性固形物含量分别是第4、第3和第1序位最高。相关性分析表明,3个品种的单果重均与果实横径存在显著的相关性,其中翠玉的单果重与果实横径的关系更为密切。综合分析结果:设施促成栽培翠冠、翠玉的留果序位分别以第4、第3序位为好,新玉则初步建议为第4序位较好。本研究结果可以为南方早熟梨的设施促成栽培提供参考。

关键词: 梨, 设施栽培, 花序序位, 单果重, 果实纵径和横径, 果柄, 可溶性固形物

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of fruit retention at different ordinal position on pear fruit quality under plastic tunnel cultivation conditions, we selected Cuiguan, Cuiyu and Xinyu pears cultivated in plastic tunnel as materials to analyze the phenotypic indexes and their correlations at different ordinal positions.The results showed that the maximum single fruit weight were at the 4th, 3rd and 1st ordinal position for Cuiguan, Cuiyu and Xinyu, respectively. The maximum transverse and longitudinal diameters of Cuiguan and Cuiyu were at the 4th and 3rd ordinal position, respectively, while the maximum transverse diameter was at the 1st ordinal position and the maximum longitudinal diameter was at the 3rd for Xinyu. Fruit retention at different position for Cuiguan and Cuiyu had no obvious effect on fruit shape index. The fruit shape index of Xinyu was increased with the raised order position. All of three cultivars had the thickest fruit stem at the 3rd ordinal position and the thinnest one at the 5th ordinal position. The highest soluble solid content of Cuiguan, Cuiyu and Xinyu was at the 4th, 3rd and 1st ordinal position, respectively. Correlation studies showed that there was a significant correlation between the single fruit weight and fruit tranvserse diameter in three cultivars, with the two being more closely related in Cuiyu. The comprehensive study showed that the best ordinal position for fruit retention were the 4th and 3rd for Cuiguan and Cuiyu facility-facilitated cultivation conditions, respectively, while Xinyu was tentetively suggested to be the 4th ordinal position. The results can provide guideline for facility-facilitated cultivation of south early maturing pear.

Key words: pear, facility cultivation, ordinal position, single fruit weight, fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters, fruit stem, soluble solid

中图分类号:

S661.2

蔡丹英, 戴美松, 王月志, 魏春艳, 施泽彬. 设施促成栽培条件下不同序位坐果对梨果实品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(5): 1091-1095.

CAI Danying, DAI Meisong, WANG Yuezhi, WEI Chunyan, SHI Zebin. Effect of fruit retention at different ordinal position on pear fruit quality under plastic tunnel cultivation conditions[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 66(5): 1091-1095.

图/表 3

参考文献 19

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序位	翠冠			翠玉			新玉
序位	果实横径/ mm	果实纵径/ mm	果形指数	果实横径/ mm	果实纵径/ mm	果形指数	果实横径/ mm	果实纵径/ mm	果形指数
1	86.75 a b	82.28 a b	0.95 a	84.71 b	76.94 b	0.91 a	77.35 a	68.77 a	0.89 b
2	88.70 a b	83.79 a b	0.95 a	85.68 a b	77.88 b	0.91 a	74.75 a	65.52 a	0.91 a b
3	87.94 a b	81.03 a b	0.92 a	91.47 a	87.68 a	0.96 a	76.08 a	69.34 a	0.91 a b
4	93.53 a	87.00 a	0.93 a	84.42 b	76.85 b	0.91 a	75.60 a	69.12 a	0.92 a b
5	76.34 b	71.67 b	0.84 a	84.74 b	77.32 b	0.91 a	72.97 a	67.77 a	0.93 a

序位	翠冠			翠玉			新玉
序位	果实横径/ mm	果实纵径/ mm	果形指数	果实横径/ mm	果实纵径/ mm	果形指数	果实横径/ mm	果实纵径/ mm	果形指数
1	86.75 a b	82.28 a b	0.95 a	84.71 b	76.94 b	0.91 a	77.35 a	68.77 a	0.89 b
2	88.70 a b	83.79 a b	0.95 a	85.68 a b	77.88 b	0.91 a	74.75 a	65.52 a	0.91 a b
3	87.94 a b	81.03 a b	0.92 a	91.47 a	87.68 a	0.96 a	76.08 a	69.34 a	0.91 a b
4	93.53 a	87.00 a	0.93 a	84.42 b	76.85 b	0.91 a	75.60 a	69.12 a	0.92 a b
5	76.34 b	71.67 b	0.84 a	84.74 b	77.32 b	0.91 a	72.97 a	67.77 a	0.93 a

品种	序位	单果重/ g	果柄长度/ mm	果柄粗度/ mm	可溶性固形物含量/%
翠冠	1	364.50 b	41.27 a	2.48 a b	12.03 a b
	2	365.69 b	44.71 a	2.71 a b	12.09 a b
	3	367.88 b	43.10 a	2.79 a	12.23 a b
	4	443.20 a	46.19 a	2.61 a b	12.74 a
	5	306.14 b	37.41 a	2.27 b	11.50 b
翠玉	1	329.04 b	35.53 a	3.15 a	10.56 b
	2	338.04 b	41.05 a	3.00 a b	9.97 c
	3	426.12 a	39.10 a	3.30 a	10.98 a
	4	325.17 b	36.28 a	2.67 b c	10.40 b
	5	329.73 b	35.07 a	2.47 c	10.70 a b
新玉	1	251.06 a	44.49 a	2.64 a b	10.96 a
	2	226.10 a	46.28 a	2.59 a b	9.95 a
	3	244.48 a	45.49 a	2.70 a	9.97 a
	4	247.36 a	45.22 a	2.47 a b	10.55 a
	5	224.43 a	45.59 a	2.35 b	10.46 a

品种	序位	单果重/ g	果柄长度/ mm	果柄粗度/ mm	可溶性固形物含量/%
翠冠	1	364.50 b	41.27 a	2.48 a b	12.03 a b
	2	365.69 b	44.71 a	2.71 a b	12.09 a b
	3	367.88 b	43.10 a	2.79 a	12.23 a b
	4	443.20 a	46.19 a	2.61 a b	12.74 a
	5	306.14 b	37.41 a	2.27 b	11.50 b
翠玉	1	329.04 b	35.53 a	3.15 a	10.56 b
	2	338.04 b	41.05 a	3.00 a b	9.97 c
	3	426.12 a	39.10 a	3.30 a	10.98 a
	4	325.17 b	36.28 a	2.67 b c	10.40 b
	5	329.73 b	35.07 a	2.47 c	10.70 a b
新玉	1	251.06 a	44.49 a	2.64 a b	10.96 a
	2	226.10 a	46.28 a	2.59 a b	9.95 a
	3	244.48 a	45.49 a	2.70 a	9.97 a
	4	247.36 a	45.22 a	2.47 a b	10.55 a
	5	224.43 a	45.59 a	2.35 b	10.46 a

性状	品种	单果重	果实横径	果实纵径	果形指数	果柄长度	果柄粗度	可溶性固形物
单果重	翠冠	1.000	0.935^*	0.907^*	0.645	0.892^*	0.539	0.986^**
	翠玉	1.000	0.999^**	0.920^*	0.736	0.364	0.653	0.622
	新玉	1.000	0.892^*	0.787	-0.056	-0.806	0.519	-0.158
果实横径	翠冠	0.935^*	1.000	0.987^**	0.848	0.967^**	0.760	0.955^*
	翠玉	0.999^**	1.000	0.923^*	0.740	0.404	0.666	0.582
	新玉	0.892^*	1.000	0.474	-0.471	-0.659	0.789	0.105
果实纵径	翠冠	0.907^*	0.987^**	1.000	0.896^*	0.948^*	0.705	0.910^*
	翠玉	0.920^*	0.923^*	1.000	0.942^*	0.405	0.366	0.497
	新玉	0.787	0.474	1.000	0.554	-0.744	0.145	-0.632
果形指数	翠冠	0.645	0.848	0.896^*	1.000	0.771	0.705	0.666
	翠玉	0.736	0.740	0.942^*	1.000	0.359	0.060	0.356
	新玉	-0.056	-0.471	0.554	1.000	-0.131	-0.605	-0.726
果柄长度	翠冠	0.892^*	0.967^**	0.948^*	0.771	1.000	0.799	0.920^*
	翠玉	0.364	0.404	0.405	0.359	1.000	0.553	-0.480
	新玉	-0.806	-0.659	-0.744	-0.131	1.000	-0.156	0
果柄粗度	翠冠	0.539	0.760	0.705	0.705	0.799	1.000	0.656
	翠玉	0.653	0.666	0.366	0.060	0.553	1.000	0.177
	新玉	0.519	0.789	0.145	-0.605	-0.156	1.000	-0.053
可溶性固形物含量	翠冠	0.986^**	0.955^*	0.910^*	0.666	0.920^*	0.656	1.000
	翠玉	0.622	0.582	0.497	0.356	-0.480	0.177	1.000
	新玉	-0.158	0.105	-0.632	-0.726	0	-0.053	1.000